Old Cumbria Gazetteer

Penrith

Peerith

civil parish:-

Penrith (formerly Cumberland)

county:-

Cumbria

locality type:-

locality

locality type:-

buildings

locality type:-

market town

locality type:-

selected place

coordinates:-

NY51573014 (etc)

1Km square:-

NY5130

10Km square:-

NY53

10Km square:-

NY52

latitude; longitude:-

2d 45.1m W; 54d 39.8m N

BLO15.jpg Market place?
(taken 12.1.2006)
photograph

CDG88.jpg Flowers for the visitors.
(taken 11.6.2015)

evidence:-

old map:- OS County Series (Cmd 58 4)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
OS County Series (Cmd 58 8)

evidence:-

old map:- Gough 1350s-60s
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, colour photozincograph copy, reduced size facsimile, Gough Map of Britain, scale about 28.5 miles to 1 inch, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, 1875.

click to enlarge
Ggh1Cm.jpg
item:- JandMN : 33
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Gough 1350s-60s
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, lithograph facsimile, Gough Map of Britain, 20 miles to 1 inch? published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, 1935.

click to enlarge
Ggh2Cm.jpg
item:- JandMN : 34
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Saxton 1579
placename:- Penreth

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorlandiae et Cumberlandiae Comitatus ie Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 5 miles to 1 inch, by Christopher Saxton, London, engraved by Augustinus Ryther, 1576, published 1579-1645.

Sax9NY43.jpg
Buildings and towers, symbol for a town. "PENRETH"
item:- private collection : 2
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Mercator 1595 (edn?)
placename:- Penreathe

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, Northumbria, Cumberlandia, et Dunelmensis Episcopatus, ie Northumberland, Cumberland and Durham etc, scale about 6.5 miles to 1 inch, by Gerard Mercator, Duisberg, Germany, about 1595.

MER8CumD.jpg
"Penre[a]the"
circle, building/s, tower, tinted red
item:- JandMN : 169
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Keer 1605
placename:- Penrethe

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 16 miles to 1 inch, probably by Pieter van den Keere, or Peter Keer, about 1605 edition perhaps 1676.

click to enlarge
KER8.jpg
"Penrethe"
dot, two circle, tower, tinted red; town
item:- Dove Cottage : 2007.38.110
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Speed 1611 (Cum/EW)
placename:- Penreth

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, Kingdome of Great Britaine and Ireland, scale about 36 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, about 1610-11, published by Thomas Bassett, Fleet Street and Richard Chiswell, St Paul's Churchyard, London, 1676?

click to enlarge
SPD6Cm.jpg
"Penreth"
dot, circle, and tower
item:- private collection : 85
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Speed 1611 (Cmd)
placename:- Penreth

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland and the Ancient Citie Carlile Described, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, 1610, published by J Sudbury and George Humble, Popes Head Alley, London, 1611-12.

SP11NY53.jpg
"Penreth"
circle, buildings, towers
item:- private collection : 16
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Speed 1611 (Wmd)
placename:- Penreth

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, The Countie Westmorland and Kendale the Cheif Towne, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, 1610, published by George Humble, Popes Head Alley, London, 1611-12.

SP14NY53.jpg
"Penreth"
buildings and towers
item:- Armitt Library : 2008.14.5
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

table of distances:- Simons 1635
placename:- Penreth

source data:-

Table of distances, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, with a thumbnail map, scale about 41 miles to 1 inch, by Mathew Simons, published in A Direction for the English Traviller, 1635.

click to enlarge
SIM4.jpg
"Penreth S.E."
upright text, larger place; and tabulated distances; P on thumbnail map
item:- private collection : 50.11
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old text:- Brathwaite 1638
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Poem, Drunken Barbaby's Four Journeys to the North of England, by Richard Brathwaite, 1638, published 1716-1818 at least.

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Page 123:- "... [horse fairs] ..."
"Thence to Pearless Penrith went I,"
"Which of Merchandize hath plenty."

evidence:-

old map:- Jenner 1643
placename:- Penreth

source data:-

Tables of distances with a maps, Westmerland, scale about 16 miles to 1 inch, and Cumberland, scale about 21 miles to 1 inch, published by Thomas Jenner, London, 1643; published 1643-80.

JEN4Sq.jpg
"Penreth"
dot, circle, red tint

evidence:-

old map:- Jansson 1646
placename:- Penreth

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumbria and Westmoria, ie Cumberland and Westmorland, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Jansson, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1646.

JAN3NY53.jpg
"Penreth"
Buildings and towers, suggestion of a wall, notice ?fence palings, suggestion of a wall, notice ?fence palings; upright lowercase text; market town.
item:- JandMN : 88
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old road book:- Ogilby 1675 (edn 1698)
placename:- Penrith
placename:- Perith

source data:-

OB16p019.txt
page 19; plate 38 continued "... to Cumberland, and 5 F. farther, to Penrith vulgo Perith of 6 F. signifying in British the Red-head, a large and well built Town; esteem'd the 2d. of the County, with a fair Church, and in the Church-Yard an old Pyramidal-Monument: It has a good Mt. for Corn, &c. on Tuesdays, and a greater for Cattel, every Tuesday fortnight, from Whitsunday to August 1st."
item:- private collection : 367
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Ogilby 1675 (plate 96)
placename:- Penrith
placename:- Penreth

source data:-

Road strip map, hand coloured engraving, the Road from Kendal to Cockermouth, and the Road from Egremond to Carlisle, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by John Ogilby, London, 1675.

OG96m030.jpg
In mile 30, Cumberland.
Turning right:- "to Penreth"
item:- JandMN : 22
Image © see bottom of page

source data:-

Road strip map, hand coloured engraving, the Road from Kendal to Cockermouth, and the Road from Egremond to Carlisle, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by John Ogilby, London, 1675.

OG96m005.jpg
In mile 9, Westmoreland.
Crossroads, right:- "to Penrith"
item:- JandMN : 22
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Ogilby 1675 (plate 38)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Road strip map, hand coloured engraving, continuation of the Road from London to Carlisle, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by John Ogilby, London, 1675.

OG38m282.jpg
In mile 282, Cumberland. "Penrith"
a long row of houses each side of the road on a curve, with a church on the left.
item:- JandMN : 21
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Berry 1679
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Road map, diagram, The Grand Roads of England, engraved by John Rich, made and published by William Berry, at the Sign of the Globe, London, 1679.
"Penrith"
market Tuesday

evidence:-

old map:- Sanson 1679
placename:- Penreth

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, Ancien Royaume de Northumberland aujourdhuy Provinces de Nort, ie the Ancient Kingdom of Northumberland or the Northern Provinces, scale about 9.5 miles to 1 inch, by Nicholas Sanson, Paris, France, 1679.

click to enlarge
SAN2Cm.jpg
"Penreth"
circle, buildings and towers; town
item:- Dove Cottage : 2007.38.15
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Seller 1694 (Cmd)
placename:- Penreth

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 12 miles to 1 inch, by John Seller, 1694.

click to enlarge
SEL9.jpg
"Penreth"
circle, upright lowercase text; town
item:- Dove Cottage : 2007.38.89
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Morden 1695 (EW)
placename:- Penreth

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, England, including Wales, scale about 27 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, published by Abel Swale Awnsham and John Churchil, London, about 1695.

click to enlarge
MRD3Cm.jpg
"Penreth"
circle, ?buildings and tower; town
item:- JandMN : 339
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Morden 1695 (Cmd)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, 1695, published by Abel Swale, the Unicorn, St Paul's Churchyard, Awnsham, and John Churchill, the Black Swan, Paternoster Row, London, 1695-1715.

MD12NY52.jpg
"Penrith"
Circle, buildings, towers.
item:- JandMN : 90
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Morden 1695 (Wmd)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorland, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, published by Abel Swale, the Unicorn, St Paul's Churchyard, Awnsham, and John Churchill, the Black Swan, Paternoster Row, London, 1695.

MD10NY52.jpg
"Penrith"
Circle, buildings, towers.
item:- JandMN : 24
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

descriptive text:- Fiennes 1698
placename:- Peroth
item:- sandstone; cloth; market

source data:-

Travel book, manuscript record of Journeys through England including parts of the Lake District, by Celia Fiennes, 1698.
"The stones and slatt about Peroth look'd so red that at my entrance into the town thought its buildings were all of brick, but after found it to be the coullour of the stone which I saw in the Quarrys look very red, their slatt is the same which cover their houses; its a pretty large town a good market for cloth that they spinn in the country, hempe and also woollen; its a great market for all sorts of cattle meate corne etc."

evidence:-

old map:- Ogilby 1699 map (edn 1712)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Road map, uncoloured engraving, a New Mapp of the Roads of England, by John Ogilby, published by William Bray, Exeter Court, Strand, London, 1712.
"Penrith"

click to enlarge
OGY7Cm.jpg
item:- private collection : 263.1
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old text:- Ogilby 1699 (edn 1712)
placename:-  Penrith
placename:-  Perith
item:-  market; placename, Penrith

source data:-

Road book, itineraries and map, The Traveller's Guide, by John Ogilby, published by Abel Swall, Tim Child, White Hart, and R Knaplock, the Angel and Crown, St Paul's Churchyard, London, 1699.
OGY7p072.txt
page 72
Distances from London "... at 281'5 over Emon-Br. cross Eden flv. to Cumberland, and 5F. farther, to Penrith vulgo Perith of 6F. signifying in British the Red-head, a large and well built T. esteem'd the 2d. of the County, with a fair Church, and in the Church-Yard an old Pyramidal Monument: It has a good Mt. for Corn, &c. on Tuesdays, and a greater for Cattel, every Tuesday fortnight, from Whitsunday to Agust 1st."

evidence:-

old map, descriptive text:- Bowen 1720 (plate 94)
placename:- Penrith
item:- placename, Penrith; sandstone; coat of arms; market; fair; cattle; corn

source data:-

Strip maps, uncoloured engravings, road maps, The Road from London to Carlisle, scale about 2 miles to 1 inch, with sections in Lancashire and Westmorland, published by Emanuel Bowen, St Katherines, London, 1720.

B094m282.jpg
"Penrith which in the British Tongue signifies Red head, because ye Soil round about it & ye Stone of which it is built are Reddish. The Town is large & well Built, esteemed the Second in the County for Trade. The Church is a very Spacious & Fine Structure, ... In ye Church Yard on ye North Side of ye Church, are 2 large Pillars, ... The West Side of this Town is fortified wth. a Royal Castle. The Market House is a large & Comodious building, Beautifyed with Bears Climbing up a ragged Staff, the device of the Earls of Warwick. Here are 2 Charity Schools, the one for 20 Boys, & the other for 30 Girls, Maintained by 55 pound per Annum, ye endowment of one Mr. Robinson a Citizen of London & ye Sacrament Money & Parish Stock. Weekly Markets Tuesday for Corn &c. &a very great one for Cattle on ye Sam. Day every fortnight from Whitsunday to August [1st]"
item:- Dove Cottage : 2007.38.100
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

descriptive text:- Defoe 1724-26
placename:- Perith
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Tour through England and Wales, by Daniel Defoe, published in parts, London, 1724-26.
"Perith, or Penrith, is a handsome market town, populous, well built, and, for an inland town, has a very good share of trade. It was unhappily possessed by the late party of Scots Highland rebels, when they made that desperate push into England, and which ended at Preston; in the moor or heath, on the north part of this town, the militia of the county making a brave appearance, and infinitely out-numbering the Highlanders, were drawn up; yet, with all their bravery, they ran away, as soon as the Scots began to advance to charge them, and never fired a gun at them, leaving the town at their mercy. However, to do justice even to the rebels, they offered no injury to the town, only quartered in it one night, took what arms and ammunition they could find, and advanced towards Kendal."

evidence:-

old map:- Millward and Dickinson 1737
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Road map, photocopy, diagram, A New and Correct Map of Roads of England, probably published by T Millward and B Dickinson, Inigo Jones's Head, Fleet Street, London, 1737.
"Penrith / 282"
miles from London

click to enlarge
MWD1Cm.jpg
item:- private collection : 264
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Badeslade 1742
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Maps, Westmorland North from London, scale about 10 miles to 1 inch, and Cumberland North from London, scale about 11 miles to 1 inch, with descriptive text, by Thomas Badeslade, London, engraved and published by William Henry Toms, Union Court, Holborn, London, 1742; published 1742-49.
"Penrith Market Tuesday, Fair Whitsun Tuesday."

evidence:-

old map:- Badeslade 1742
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, A Map of Cumberland North from London, scale about 11 miles to 1 inch, with descriptive text, by Thomas Badeslade, London, engraved and published by William Henry Toms, Union Court, Holborn, London, 1742.

click to enlarge
BD10.jpg
"Penrith"
circle, tower/s, upright lowercase text; town
item:- JandMN : 115
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old text:- Gents Mag
item:- rebellion, 1745; 1745 Rebellion

source data:-

Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922.

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Gentleman's Magazine 1745 p.605 "..."
"Nov. 21 [1745]. By letters of the 19th from Penrith there is an account, that at three o'clock in the afternoon of the day before, a quarter-master belonging to the rebels, came to that town, and demanded billets for two squadrons, making 250 horse, that were to be there that night, and for 8000 men more, who were to be there next day. The horse came in that evening, and were counted by several people, but did not exceed half the number they were said to be."
"Nov. 22. Letters from the North of the 20th Inst. mention, that the rebels entered Penrith on the 19th Inst. ..."

evidence:-

old text:- Gents Mag 1745
item:- rebeliion, 1745; 1745 Rebellion

source data:-

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Gentleman's Magazine 1745 p.612 "... ..."
"Whitehall, Nov. 25 [1745]. Advices from Penrith of the 20th at night, mention, that the rebels to the amount of 3000 had been entering that place from four in the afternoon to nine, and that several thousand men were expected there the next day; that according to all appearance their intention was to march southwards, and that a party of them, consisting of 120 men, had gone that afternoon to Lowther-hall, lord Lonsdale's seat."
"Letters of the 21st from the same place say, the rebels have been coming in there all that day; that those which had arrived the day before were all gone the Lancashire road; that lord George Murray, lord Elcho, lord Nairn, Glenbucket, and the person styling himself duke of Perth, were arriv'd at Penrith, and the pretender's son was expected every minute."
"..."
"By advices of the 22d from Penrith, the Highland army which march'd there on the 21st was to halt that day. The pretender's son, with his houshold, came in at the head of a regiment of foot, about three that afternoon, that by the best reckoning that could be made at Emont and Fallowfield-bridge, the whole of their army did not exceed 7000 men, that"

evidence:-

old text:- Gents Mag 1745
item:- rebeliion, 1745; 1745 Rebellion

source data:-

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Gentleman's Magazine 1745 p.613 "the body of regular horse is very inconsiderable. There are not as yet above 30 Hussars, besides those that march'd with the van guard yesterday to Kendal; that Carlisle was left with only about 100; that they talk'd of great numbers were gone to join them from Scotland, that Old Glenbucket was gone forward with lord Elcho; that their whole train of artillery did not amount to above 16 small field pieces; that their baggage waggons, which were about 20 in number, were very slenderly guarded, some of them being drawn by three, and others by two horses, and that it was expected that the whole body would march from Penrith upon the 24th."

evidence:-

descriptive text:- Simpson 1746
placename:- Penrith
placename:- Perith

source data:-

Atlas, three volumes of maps and descriptive text published as 'The Agreeable Historian, or the Compleat English Traveller ...', by Samuel Simpson, 1746.

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"..."
"Penrith, or, as it is usually call'd Perith, which, in the British Language, is a Red Hill, or Head, because the Ground hereabouts, and the Stone of which it is built, are both reddish. It is a large well built Town, and esteem'd the second in the County for Trade and Wealth. The Market-House, which is a great Convenience to the People resorting thither to sell their Goods, is a large Building, beautify'd with Bears climbing up a ragged Staff, the Devise of the Earls of Warwick."
"..."

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"..."
"In Penrith is a good Market for Corn, and other Commodities, on Tuesdays weekly; but for Cattle a much greater on the same Day once a Fortnight, from Whit-Sunday to August 1. The Fair is on Whit Tuesday; and it is 221 Miles computed, and 283 measured from London."
"This Town was possess'd by that Party of Highland Scots Rebels, who made that desperate Push into England, which ended at Preston. In the Moor, or Heath, on the N. Part of the Town, the Militia of the County making a brave Appearance, and infinitely out-numbering the Highlanders, were drawn up; yet with their usual Bravery they run away as soon as the Scots began to advance to charge them, and never fir'd a Gun, leaving the Town at their Mercy: However, to do Justice to the Rebels, they offer'd no Injury to the Town, only quarter'd in it one Night, took what Arms and Ammunition they could find, and advanc'd towards Kendal in Westmoreland."

evidence:-

old map:- Simpson 1746 map (Wmd)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, Westmorland, scale about 8 miles to 1 inch, printed by R Walker, Fleet Lane, London, 1746.

SMP2NYL.jpg
"Penrith"
Building.
item:- Dove Cottage : 2007.38.59
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Bickham 1753-54 (Cmd)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, perspective map, Map of Cumberland North from London, by George Bickham, James Street, Bunhill Fields, London, 1753, published by F Jollie and Sons, Carlisle, Cumberland, 1811.

click to enlarge
JL05.jpg
"Penrith"
view (sort of)
item:- Carlisle Library : 4.2
Image © Carlisle Library

evidence:-

old map:- Bowen and Kitchin 1760
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, A New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland Divided into their Respective Wards, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin et al, published by T Bowles, Robert Sayer, and John Bowles, London, 1760.

BO18NY42.jpg
"Penrith Mar. Twes. / R"
blocks, on roads, street plan, town, market, two crosses potent for charity schools, symbol for post stage
item:- Armitt Library : 2008.14.10
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Jefferys 1770 (Wmd)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, 4 sheets, The County of Westmoreland, scale 1 inch to 1 mile, surveyed 1768, and engraved and published by Thomas Jefferys, London, 1770.

J5NY53SW.jpg
"PENRITH"
blocks on a street plan, labelled in block caps; settlement, market town?; street plan with many buildings
item:- National Library of Scotland : EME.s.47
Image © National Library of Scotland

evidence:-

old text:- Pennant 1773
placename:- Penrith
item:- ouzel; water ouzel

source data:-

Book, A Tour from Downing to Alston Moor, 1773, by Thomas Pennant, published by Edward Harding, 98 Pall Mall, London, 1801.

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Pennant's Tour 1773, page 158 "I soon reached Penrith, and can add very little to the account of this place in my Scotch Tour. I received, in this visit, every civility and information from Mr. Harrison surgeon, who introduced me to Miss Calwin, to whose in-"

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Pennant's Tour 1773, page 159 "[in]genuity I have before paid the tribute due. She was so obliging as to present me with a beautiful drawing of a singular or perhaps new species of Water Ouzel, shot somewhere in this neighbourhood. It was rather superior in size to the common: the head, wings, upper part of the body, and tail, were dusky; the chin and throat white - at the bottom of the last was a bar of dusky; the breast, belly and thighs white, marked with short black strokes pointing downwards, most numerous towards the lower belly and thighs; the vent of a rusty yellow, crossed with bars of black; legs rusty yellow."
"..."
"William III. bestowed the honour of Penrith with all its dependencies, with the appurtenances within the forest of Englewood, on his great favourite William Bentinck duke of Portland. His Majesty at the same time made a grant of"

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Pennant's Tour 1773, page 160 "the lordships of Denbigh, Bromfield, and Yala, in the principality of Wales. ..."
"I commenced, at this town, an acquaintance with Mr. William Hutchinson, the antiquary of Bernard-castle; an attorney of very fair character, and author of the View of Northumberland, the History of the County of Durham, and of the Excursion to the Lakes; works very justly esteemed."

evidence:-

old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774.

D4NY53SW.jpg
"PENRITH"
blocks, perhaps a church, labelled in block caps; a town with street plan
item:- Carlisle Library : Map 2
Image © Carlisle Library

evidence:-

old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

DN04Pnrt.jpg
"PENRITH"
Labelled in block caps for a market town; street map.
item:- Carlisle Library : Map 2
Image © Carlisle Library

evidence:-

old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

D4NY53SW.jpg
"PENRITH"
blocks, perhaps a church, labelled in block caps; a town with street plan
item:- Carlisle Library : Map 2
Image © Carlisle Library

evidence:-

old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

DN04Pnrt.jpg
"PENRITH"
Labelled in block caps for a market town; street map.
item:- Carlisle Library : Map 2
Image © Carlisle Library

evidence:-

descriptive text:- West 1778 (11th edn 1821)
placename:- Penrhydd
item:- placename, Penrith; charter (none)

source data:-

Guide book, A Guide to the Lakes, by Thomas West, published by William Pennington, Kendal, Cumbria once Westmorland, and in London, 1778 to 1821.

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Page 167:- "..."
"PENRITH. [1]"
"So much is already said of this town, that little remains now to be added here. The situation is pleasant, and open to the south. It is tolerably well built, and rather a genteel than a trading town. The town's people are polite and civil, and the inns commodious and well served."
"Saving the few resident families, the life of this town is its being a thorough-fare. For, although seated in the midst of a rich and fruitful country, few manufacturers have been induced to fix here. Before the interest of the sister kingdoms became one, Penrith was a place of uncertain tranquillity, and too precarious for the repose of trade and manual industry; being better circumstanced for a place of arms and military exercise. Yet since this happy change of circumstances, no more than one branch of tanning, and a small manufacture of checks have taken place. This must be owing either to want of attention in people of property, or of"
"[1] (Bereda, Rav. Chor. Vereda, Anton. Inter.)"

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Page 168:- "industry of the inhabitants. The latter is not to be supposed; for the spirit of agriculture, introduced by the gentlemen of the environs, is in as flourishing a way amongst the farmers of this neighbourhood, as in other parts of the kingdom. The superfluities of the market are bought up for Kendal, where much of that produce is wanting which superabounds here."
"The most remarkable objects at Penrith, are the beacon, on the summit of the hill above the town, and the awful remains of the royal fortress on the crest of the rising ground that commands the town. ... now no longer terrible, since the border service ceased, and a mutual inter-"

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Page 169:- "[inter]course of trade and alliance happily took the place of national reprisals and family feuds."
"The antiquity of this town is supposed to be found in its name being of British derivation, from Pen and Rhudd, signifying in that langauge, a red head or hill; and such is the colour of the hill above the town, and the ground and stones round it. But with respect to situation, it may well be derived from Pen, the head, and Ryn, a promontory, and so be referred to the beacon hill. It might however be judged a more honourable etymon to derive the name from Pen, and Rhydd, of Rhyddaw, to make free, and that on account of special service or fidelity to the Roman government, the Britons of this town were emancipated from the abject slavery which the nation in general were subjected to, by their tyrannical masters. This, in their own language, might be Penrhydd, and pronounced by the Britons, as by the Welch at this day, Penrith. However this may be, it has been the happiness of this town to remain a royal franchise through all the ages of feudal servitude; at least ever since the reign of Edward I. without the incumbrance of a charter, and it is now peaceably governed by the steward of the honours, and a free jury. The honours of both town and castle belong to the Duke of Portland."

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Addendum; Mr Gray's Journal, 1769
Page 200:- "... crossed the Eden and the Eamont with its green vale, and dined at three o'clock with Mrs. Buchanan, at Penrith, on trout and partridge. In the afternoon walked up beacon-hill, ..."

evidence:-

old map:- West 1784 map
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, A Map of the Lakes in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Paas, 53 Holborn, London, about 1784.

Ws02NY43.jpg
"PENRITH"
item:- Armitt Library : A1221.1
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old text:- Clarke 1787
placename:- Penrith
item:- card playing; bowling green; fish; elopement; market; fair

source data:-

Guide book, A Survey of the Lakes of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, written and published by James Clarke, Penrith, Cumberland, and in London etc, 1787; published 1787-93.

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Page 14:- "..."
"WE now enter the town of Penrith, remarkable for the neatness of its appearance, if we except the shambles and town-hall; most of the houses being built of red free stone, and covered with those blue slates whose excellence is now well known throughout most towns in the kingdom, though they are generally called, (I know not why) White-slates."

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Page 15:- "Though an inland town, there are some very considerable manufactories of checks, which are daily increasing; two common breweries in good employ; two hair-merchants, who, (limited as their business may seem,) are both men of property; and a tannery, where some business is done. Yet as these employ but a small part of the inhabitants, perhaps the manners of no place are more strongly or generally stamped with the marks of ease and peace. Few are rich, but as few miserably poor. Whoever wishes to enjoy a social glass, is seldom at a loss for a companion. A regular Card-Assembly, during the Winter; and small, though agreeable private parties all the year round, furnish the fair sex with ample amusement; whilst two well frequented bowling-greens, afford, during the fine weather, exercise and amusement to such of the males who have no better employment. During the races and assizes [sessions], a more gay and agreeable place cannot be imagined. The more than usually bustle of those times rousing the inhabitants out of that placid dream of existence they at other times enjoy, and animating them to a degree of real mirth and festivity rarely met with in more pompous scenes."
"But why not here, as well as any where else, should I pay the tribute due to the general manners of the country? They deserve it. Every reputable farmer in the neighbourhood prides himself upon the goodness of his ale, and is never so happy as when his friends have taken as much of it as they can carry home. The gentlemen are remarked for affability and hospitality. True it is, that, like trees which grow single, every little irregularity has ample room to expand and shew itself; but at the same time, all is pure nature, undisguised by art. To rise still higher; even a Cynic would acknowledge, were he at Graystock, that there is at least one Nobleman who has the art of joining the polish of France to the hospitality of Britain, and whose chief delight is to shew, that true nobility can reside alone in superior worth."
"Penrith has an excellent market on Tuesday, and a small one on Saturday. The Tuesday market is likewise a market for live-cattle, both fat and lean, from Lammas till Whitsuntide; but from Whitsuntide till Lammas the cattle-market is held upon the Nolt-Fair. The markets here are disposed in a manner truly astonishing in so small a town: the wheat-market is in one part of the town; rye and potatoes in another; barley in another; oats and pease in another; live-cattle, horses, and hogs have also their distinct markets. The measures here are different in different articles; as there are two customary bushels in use here, one of 80 quarts and another of 64: by the first are sold barley and oats; by the second, wheat, rye, fruit, pease, and potatoes. The second is called the Penrith Bushel, and is double the Winchester measure, and three of the bushels are called a Load."
"The average prices of Fish, in this and the neighbouring inland towns is as follows:"
"Penrith is perhaps the greatest thoroughfare in the North of England: all the Irish [most of the Irish] now crossing the sea at Port-Patrick, and consequently take this in their road to the Metropolis. Should they come by Whitehaven this is still their road: besides, since the improvements of the roads, those who are travelling from Scotland to London generally chuse this road. Another set of never-failing travellers are those whom nature, in opposition to an absurd law, prompts to connubial ties; this way they must come on their road to Gretna-Green; more famous, though less dangerous in our days, for the cure of love-sickness, than the promontory of Leucothoc was in days of yore. Those, likewise, whom a taste for natural beauties impells to visit the Lakes, always consider Penrith as a kind of home in these solitary regions: and the consequence is natural, all the inns here seem to vie with each other in attention, and strain every sinew in making the country as agreeable as possible."

Sea-Fish in general,	2d.	Stream and Esk-Trout,	2d.
Salmon,	3	Ulswater-Eels,	2
Ulswater-Trout,	3	Mussels and Cockles,	1 per quart.
Charr,	3	Oysters,	2s. 6 per hundred.

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Page 16:- "The Antiquarians say that this town takes its name from the red-hill out of which it hath been built, and on which the Beacon now stands: this they found on the etymology of the name, Pen-rith, signifying Red-hill, or Red-head. Upon the whole, this seems a more probably conjecture, than that this Penrith was built out of the ruins of the Ala Petriana which Horsley and others call Old Penrith; ..."

evidence:-

old text:- Clarke 1787
placename:- Penrith
item:- Parliament; Battle of Barnet; fire, Penrith; foray, 1345-46; slavery; Queen's Home Lands; water supply, Penrith; pump; plague; school, Penrith

source data:-

Guide book, A Survey of the Lakes of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, written and published by James Clarke, Penrith, Cumberland, and in London etc, 1787; published 1787-93.

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Page 20:- "..."
"Having finished the description of this town, it now remains to give a sketch of its history, which is unavoidably entangled with the general history of the country, and likewise with the history of England. The town and signory underwent no changes different from those of the whole county till the year 1251; at that time they were given as the 200 librates of land which King Henry III. gave, together with 5000 merks of silver, as a portion with Margaret his daughter, who was then married to Alexander King of Scots. It was given under the title of the Queen's Haim (or Home) Lands. Though it thus became a property to the Scottish Crown, it was only considered as a part of the King's private estate, (for which he did homage or fealty to the King of England, by paying one soar hawk at the city of Carlisle,) and not as being part of the Scots dominions. This appears from an assize held 6. Edward I.; also from an inquisition taken at Carlisle in 21. Edward I. before Thomas de Normanville, the King's Escheator, beyond Trent, A.D. 1292. The jurors there find, that the said manors are worth 200 pounds, and that John Baliol is next heir, and of the age of thirty years."
"Edward, however, in the 26th year of his reign, having quarrelled with Baliol, (then King of the Scots,) seized these lands, and gave them to Beck Bishop of Durham, (known by the name of the Fighting Bishop:) He enjoyed them not long, for being summoned to attend a parliament held at Carlisle in the thirty-third year of the same reign, and not appearing, the lands were adjudged to the Crown. In the year 1306, and the thirty-fourth of his reign, Edward gave these lands to the Duke of Britanny: In his family they continued till 11. of Edward IV.; when Ralph de Nevil, (then Duke,) being slain in battle at Barnet, they again reverted to the Crown for want of heirs. They continued in the Crown till William III. gave them to William Bentick Esq; (afterwards Earl of Portland,) his favourite page: In that family they continued till 1784, when his Grace the present Duke of Portland sold them to his brother-in-law the Duke of Devonshire."
"This town of Penrith hath several times severely suffered by the inroads of the Scots, particularly in the 19. of Edward III. when 26,000 entered Cumberland, laying waste all before them. They burnt Penrith, with several other villages; carried away all the inhabitants whom they could any way make useful into Scotland, and there publickly sold them to the highest bidder: they likewise carried off 40,000 head of cattle, and committed such barbarities on the defenceless and weak as humanity must shudder at. In the 6. of Edward the II. they likewise made an incursion, and destroyed this town, at which time it is supposed many of the inhabitants hid their money in the walls of their houses; being afterwards either killed or carried away captives, the money was frequently left there; insomuch that an old house is seldom pulled down but some silver and other coins are found. These calamities, joined to a want of water, and great distance from coal, (the nearest being 26 miles land-carriage,) made this town very thin of inhabitants: but in the year 1748 [1468], Bishop Strickland of Carlisle remedied the former of these wants, by purchasing of the owners of certain Mills, (particularly Vaux of Catterlin,) so much of the water of the river Petterell as would flow through the eye of a mill-stone. This he generously, at his own expence, conveyed to Penrith, and the water still continues to flow in the same quantity, and no more. Since the general use of pumps, no town perhaps is better supplied"

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Page 21:- "with water; scarce any house being so inconsiderable as not to be provided with one of those useful engines."
"After the Bishop's patriotic exertion, the town continued to increase till the year 1598, when the plague almost depopulated it; since that time, it has flourished gradually, and seems likely to increase. What probably has added to its prosperity is, that, besides the Queen's School, there are several charity-schools, where indigent children are taught reading, writing, needlework, and every other branch that can make them useful members of society."

evidence:-

old text:- Clarke 1787
item:- border service; beacons

source data:-

Guide book, A Survey of the Lakes of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, written and published by James Clarke, Penrith, Cumberland, and in London etc, 1787; published 1787-93.

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Page 172:- "..."
"A proclamation made at Penrith 14th June 1547, by order of Lord Wharton, for raising the power of the border."
"'Forasmuch as the Governour of Scotland, their Queen, and others Noblemen of that realm repaired to Pebles upon a Sunday at night last, and also their ordnance coming from Edinburgh, of intent, with a great army of the whole body of the said realm of Scotland, to do some enterprize against the King's Majesty's possessions and subjects upon the West Marches: Therefore, Thomas Wharton, Knight, Lord Wharton Lord Warden of the West Marches of England for anempst Scotland, Captain of the King's Majesty's city of Carlisle, and one of his Highness's most honourable Council, strictly chargeth and commandeth, in his Majesty's name, That all his Highness's subjects, horsemen, and footmen, within the bounds of the said West Marches, prepare their arrediness, and come forward with ten days victuals, as hath been appointed, so as they may be at Carlisle upon Thursday next at noon; not failing hereof upon pain of death."
"'Written at Carlisle this Tuesday the 14th of June 1547. God Save the King.'"
"Next day he sent the following Circular Letter, dated 15th June 1547. at Carlisle."
"'After my hearty commendations unto you, when yesterday I wrote as well proclamations to be made at Penrith, as otherwise in the parts of Westmorland and Cumberland, for the beacons to burn, and the subjects to come forward, to be at Carlisle to-morrow at noon, for the defence and power of Scotland, and forasmuch as I am credibly informed this Wednesday, by intelligence from out of Scotland, that the governour, their Queen, ordnance, and munition, came to Pebles upon Saturday-night last as I wrote; where, and in those parts they continue; and as yet the governour hath not so great an army as he looked to have at this time, and therefore hath determined with a power to come to the town of Dumfries upon Saturday next, as is appointed; and to levy the garrisons in all parts over-against these West Marches, until they may levy a greater army to do the annoyance they may against the King's Majesty's realm, and possessions upon these marches: Trusting, with the leave of God, to put the borderers in these outward parts of these Marches in such watch and areadiness, as we shall be able to defend their sudden enterprizes; and that I would all his Majesty's subjects under my rule should live in as much quiet and preservation of themselves, and victuals, until the occasion shall come by the enemies, (for intelligence whereof I shall do as well as I can; the weightiness of this, the King's Majesty's service considered,) I require you to repair home to your own houses, with hearty thanks for your areadiness and diligence; and also desire you in his Majesty's name, to continue at your houses in like areadiness, with watch of beacons to come forwards, with ten days victuals, upon warning; and that none of his Majesty's loving subjects fail hereof, upon pain of death. Be the more earnest for your areadiness, for that the governour continueth on their borders, for anempst these Marches. And cause these be read openly to all the King's Majesty's subjects; every gentleman and officer, under his several rule, for their better knowledge of the same. And right heartily fare you well."
"'From Carlisle this Wednesday the 15th of June, at four of the clock afternoon,"
"'To the Gentlemen West Marchers."
"'Your loving Friend,"
"'THOMAS WHARTON.'"

evidence:-

old map:- Clarke 1787
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Town plan, uncoloured engraving, A Map of the Town of Penrith in the County of Cumberland, by James Clarke, engraved by Samuel John Neele, 352 Strand, London, published by James Clarke, London, 1789.

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CL17.jpg
item:- Armitt Library : A6615.2
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Clarke 1787
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, A Map of the Town of Penrith and Country Adjacent, scale about 10 ins to 1 mile, by James Clarke, engraved by S J Neele, 352 Strand, published by James Clarke, Penrith, Cumberland and in London etc, 1787.

click to enlarge
CL01.jpg
item:- Dove Cottage : 2014.7.1
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old text:- Camden 1789
placename:-  Penrith
placename:-  Perith
item:-  placename, Penrith; water supply; market; sandstone

source data:-

Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.

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Page 173:- "..."
"... a little way from the confluence of the Eimot and Loder, where is a round fortification called by the inhabitants Arthur's table, stands Penrith, q.d. if derived from the British language, Red Head, or Hill: for the soil and the stones of which it is built are of a red colour; but it is commonly called Perith. It is a small market town of some note, defended on the west by a royal castle, ... has a very handsome church, a spacious market place, with a wooden market house for the use of those who assemble there, adorned with bears and ragged staffs, the arms of the earls of Warwick. It belonged formerly to the bishops of Durham, but bishop Anthony Bec growing insolent through his excessive wealth, Edward I. as we read in the register of Durham "took from him Werk in Tividale, Perith, and the church of Simondburne." For the use, however, of the town, W. Stricland, bishop of Carlisle, of a famous family in these parts, cut, at his own expence, a chanel from Pete-rill, ..."

evidence:-

old text:- Camden 1789 (Gough Additions)
placename:-  Penrith
placename:-  Pereth
item:-  market; placename, Penrith; plague

source data:-

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Page 188:- "..."
""Pereth, a market town by S. 61 miles from Carluel, where is a strong castle of the king's, and stondeth on a litle water by force cut out of Peterel. But Pereth standith not half a mile from the river of Emot and a mile from the town or castel of Burgham, that longeth to the earls of Cumberland. In Perith is one parish church and a grey friary. A castel of the kinges by the town.""
"Penrith lies in a bottom, the beacon standing on a high hill as you enter the road above which is the course. A fine valley opens to the west as you descend from the Carlisle road into a very long suburb neatly paved. The town is considerable and handsome, having a very large market. ..."

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Page 189:- "... On the north wall of the vestry without [St Andrew's Church] is this inscription A.D. 1598, ex gravi peste quae regionibus hisce incubuit obierunt apud Penrith 2260, Kendal 2500, Richmond 2200, Carlisle 1160. Posteri avortite vos &vivite. The parish register says the plague broke out at Carlisle October 3, 1597, and raged here from September 22, 1597, to January 5, 1598, and that only 680 persons were buried here: so that Penrith must have been put for the centre of some district. At the little village of Eden hall the register says 42 person died in this year. The plague raged at Penrith 1380, when the Scots breaking in at the time of a fair, carried it home to their own country, where it made dreadful havoc. The wooden market-house is now gone. ..."
"This town was burnt by the Scots 19 Edward III. and 8 Richard II. Richard III. when duke of Gloucester, lodged in the castle, to check the Scots, and enlarged the works with stones as it is said from Mayboro' before-mentioned."
"Dr. Todd derives the name of Penrith from Petriana three miles north of it, out of which, he says, it rose."
"At the Conquest the manor of Penrith and the forest of Englewood, in which it is situate, were in the possession of the Scots, who were soon after dispossessed, but kept up their claim to the three counties of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Northumberland, ... ... William III. gave the honour of Penrith and all its dependances with the appurtenances within the forest of Englewood, whose boundaries may be seen in Burn, III. 522. to William Bentink, afterwards created earl of Portland, and they are still held by his great grandson William Henry duke of Portland."

evidence:-

old map:- Cary 1789 (edn 1805)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, Westmoreland, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Cary, London, 1789; edition 1805.

CY24NY52.jpg
"PENRITH"
group of blocks, labelled in block caps; town
item:- JandMN : 129
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Aikin 1790 (Cmd)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, by John Aikin, London, 1790.

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AIK3.jpg
"Penrith"
circle; town
item:- JandMN : 145
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Bailey 1797
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, soil etc, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 21 miles to 1 inch, by J Bailey, engraved by Neele, Strand, published by Messrs Robinson, Paternoster Row and G Nicol, Pall Mall, London, 1797.

click to enlarge
BY04.jpg
"Penrith"
group of blocks; town
item:- Armitt Library : A680.2
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Bailey 1797
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, soil etc, uncoloured engraving, Westmoreland, scale about 12 miles to 1 inch, by J Bailey, engraved by Neele, Strand, published by Messrs Robinson, Paternoster Row and G Nicol, Pall Mall, London, 1797.

click to enlarge
BY05.jpg
"Penrith"
group of blocks; town
item:- Armitt Library : A680.3
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

road book:- Cary 1798 (2nd edn 1802)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Road book, itineraries, Cary's New Itinerary, by John Cary, 181 Strand, London, 2nd edn 1802.

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click to enlarge
C38267.jpg
page 267-268 "Penrith - Crown, Cumberland / At Penrith, on l. a T.R. to Keswick."
market town, post office

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C38269.jpg
page 269-270 "INNS. ... Penrith, Crown, George. ..."

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C38281.jpg
page 281-282 "Penrith - Crown, Cumberland / On l. a T.R. to Keswick."
market town, post office

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C38285.jpg
page 285-286 "INNS. ... Penrith, Crown, George. ..."

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C38319.jpg
page 319-320 "To Penrith, p.282"
again:- "To Penrith, p.282"
market town, post office
item:- JandMN : 228.1
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

road book:- Cary 1798 (2nd edn 1802)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Road book, itineraries, Cary's New Itinerary, by John Cary, 181 Strand, London, 2nd edn 1802.

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click to enlarge
C38735.jpg
page 735-736 "INNS. Penrith, Crown, George. ..."
item:- JandMN : 228.2
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

descriptive text:- Baker 1802
placename:- Penrith
item:- plague

source data:-

Perspective road map with sections in Lancashire, Westmorland, and Cumberland, by J Baker, London 1802.
pp.25-26:- "..."
"Penrith is situated beneath some verdurous heights that stretch from it towards the east; one point of which is decorated with a fancy building, commonly called the Beacon. From this spot is a most interesting view if the adjacent country, and hereon are the annual races of the town. The river Emmont on one side winds amicably along the edge of the town, and on another side the ruins of an antient castle occupy the landscape."
"... Like other towns on this great military way, it hath often suffered by the rancourous predatory contentions and ravages of the English and the Scotch. It contains neat modern buildings, and many venerable relics of antiquity, such as fragments of its antient walls, Saxon or other monuments. ..."

evidence:-

old map:- Baker 1802
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Perspective road maps with sections in Lancashire, Westmorland and Cumberland, by J Baker, London 1802.

Bk03Vg04.jpg
"Penrith / 286"
item:- private collection : 3
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Cooke 1802
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, Cumberland, scale about 15.5 miles to 1 inch, by George Cooke, 1802, bound in Gray's New Book of Roads, 1824, published by Sherwood, Jones and Co, Paternoster Road, London, 1824.

click to enlarge
GRA1Cd.jpg
"Penrith / 281"
blocks, upright lowercase text; town, distance from London
item:- Hampshire Museums : FA2000.62.2
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Cooke 1802
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, The Lakes, Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 8.5 miles to 1 inch, engravedby Neele and Son, published by Sherwood, Jones and Co, Paternoster Road, London, 1824.

click to enlarge
GRA1Lk.jpg
"Penrith"
blocks, upright lowercase text; town
item:- Hampshire Museums : FA2000.62.5
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Laurie and Whittle 1806
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Road map, Completion of the Roads to the Lakes, scale about 10 miles to 1 inch, by Nathaniel Coltman? 1806, published by Robert H Laurie, 53 Fleet Street, London, 1834.

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Lw18.jpg
"Penrith 287¾"
market town; distance from London; travellers supplied with post horses or carriages
item:- private collection : 18.18
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Laurie and Whittle 1806
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Road map, Continuation of the Roads to Glasgow and Edinburgh, scale about 10 miles to 1 inch, by Nathaniel Coltman? 1806, published by Robert H Laurie, 53 Fleet Street, London, 1834.

click to enlarge
Lw21.jpg
"Penrith 283½"
market town; distance from London; travellers supplied with post horses or carriages
item:- private collection : 18.21
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old text:- Capper 1808
placename:- Penrith
item:- population; market; fair; fire; plague

source data:-

Gazetteer, A Topographical Dictionary of the United Kingdom, compiled by Benjamin Pitts Capper, published by Richard Phillips, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, 1808; published 1808-29.

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"..."
"PENRITH, a market town and parish in Leath ward, Cumberland, 17 miles from Carlisle, and 283½from London; containing 670 houses and 3801 inhabitants, viz. 1697 males and 2104 females, of whom 1020 were returned as being employed in trade and manufacture. This town was originally claimed, and continued a long time continued in the possession of the Scots; but it being disputed by the English, it was twice burnt in the reigns of Edward III. and Richard II. when it had a castle erected to check the depredations of the Scots. The church is a large and handsome structure, ... In the church-yard are two ancient rude stone obelisks, set up at each end of what is called the Giant's Grave, ... The town-house in the market-place is built of wood, and embellished with the figures of bears climbing up a ragged staff. It has a good free school, a charity school, and 2 Sunday schools, with several meeting houses for Presbyterians and Quakers. Its principal manufactures are those of check and fancy waistcoat pieces. On the north bank of the river Emont, are two caves ... This town suffered greatly by the plague in 1380, and again in 1598, where it is recorded by an inscription on the vestry wall, that 2260 person died thereof; but the register only accounts for 680 burials. The markets are on Tuesday and Saturday. Fairs, 8th June, and 5th August. It is a vicarage, value 12l. 6s. 3d. in the patronage of the bishop of Carlisle. - Housman's Tour and Hutchinson's Cumberland."
"..."

evidence:-

old map:- Cooper 1808
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 10.5 miles to 1 inch, drawn and engraved by Cooper, published by R Phillips, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, 1808.

click to enlarge
COP3.jpg
"Penrith"
circle with two side bars; town
item:- JandMN : 86
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old text:- Gents Mag
item:- storm, 1810; fire; hail

source data:-

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Gentleman's Magazine 1810 part 2 p.176 "... ..."
"Aug. 4. ..."
"In a violent storm of thunder, lightning, and hail, this day, at Penrith, considerable damage was done by the lightning: a barn, containing 10 cart-loads of hay, belonging to Mr. Martindale of Gutter-lane; and a stack, the property of Sir F. T. Vane, of Hutton Hall, were both set on fire, and entirely consumed. A horse and five lambs were killed in a field near Penrith. Several of the hail-stones measured two inches in circumference. ..."

evidence:-

old map:- Wallis 1810 (Cmd)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Road map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 16 miles to 1 inch, by James Wallis, 77 Berwick Stree, Soho, London, 1810.

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WL13.jpg
"Penrith / 281"
town; distance from London
item:- Dove Cottage : 2009.81.10
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Otley 1818
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, The District of the Lakes, Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Jonathan Otley, 1818, engraved by J and G Menzies, Edinburgh, Scotland, published by Jonathan Otley, Keswick, Cumberland, et al, 1833.

OT02NY53.jpg
"PENRITH"
item:- JandMN : 48.1
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old text:- Gents Mag
item:- plague

source data:-

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Gentleman's Magazine 1819 part 1 p.508
From the Compendium of County History:- "... In 1598 at Penrith 583 person died of the plague, according to the register, but the number is incorrectly stated on a brass plate in the church as amounting to 2260. ..."

evidence:-

old text:- Gents Mag
item:- Border Wars; fire, Penrith; fairs; incursion, 1342; incursion, 1345; incursion, 1380

source data:-

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Gentleman's Magazine 1819 part 1 p.505
From the Compendium of County History:- "1342. Penrith and several neighbouring villages burnt by the Scots."
"1345. Penrith town burnt by the Scots under Sir William Douglas, who besieged Carlisle, and set fire to the suburbs; ..."
"..."
"1380. Penrith, during a truce, treacherously surprised by Scots, who slew many of the inhabitants, and carried off numerous prisoners and a great booty as it was a fair day in that town. These marauders also set fire to a street in Carlisle."

evidence:-

old text:- Gents Mag 1819
item:- Civil War; rebellion, 1715; 1715 Rebellion; rebellion, 1745; 1745 Rebellion

source data:-

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Gentleman's Magazine 1819 part 1 p.506 "1648. ... June 15, Penrith taken by the Parliamentarians under General Lambert, and detachments from his army about the same time took Greystock, Rose, and Scaleby castles, and defeated a body of royalists at Warwick-bridge. ..."
"..."
"1715. Brampton and Penrith entered in November, and James III. proclaimed by the friends of the Stuarts under General Foster."
"..."
"1745. Near Longton, Nov. 8, advanced guard of Prince Charles Stuart's army entered Cumberland. ... On the 21st the van of the army marched into Penrith, which Charles with the main body entered on the following day. On their retreat from Derby the army entered Penrith Dec. 17. ..."

evidence:-

old text:- Gents Mag 1819
item:- Hymn to Venus

source data:-

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Gentleman's Magazine 1816 part 2 p.601
Biographical note from the Compendium of County History:- "Ritson, Isaac, translator of Homer's Hymn to Venus, Penrith."

evidence:-

old map:- Hall 1820 (Cmd)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 21 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Sidney Hall, published by S Leigh, 18 Strand, London, 1820-31.

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HA14.jpg
"Penrith / 283"
circle, upright lowercase text; town; distance from London
item:- JandMN : 91
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

descriptive text:- Otley 1823 (5th edn 1834)
item:- population, Penrith; road distances; geology

source data:-

Guide book, A Concise Description of the English Lakes, the mountains in their vicinity, and the roads by which they may be visited, with remarks on the mineralogy and geology of the district, by Jonathan Otley, published by the author, Keswick, Cumberland now Cumbria, by J Richardson, London, and by Arthur Foster, Kirkby Lonsdale, Cumbria, 1823; published 1823-49, latterly as the Descriptive Guide to the English Lakes.

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Page 112:- "PENRITH"
"Is a good market town with 6059 inhabitants. It is a considerable thoroughfare, being situated at the junction of the Yorkshire and Lancashire roads to Carlisle and Glasgow. The principal inns are the Crown and the George. From Penrith to Alston Moor is 20 miles, to Appleby 14, to Carlisle 18, to Kendal by Shap 27, to Keswick 18."
"Ullswater may be visited from Penrith, going either by Eamont Bridge and Tirrel, or by Dalemain, to the Inn at Pooley Bridge; with carriages the former road is generally preferred."

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Page 163:- "... From Maryport towards Carlisle, and thence to Penrith, is a large tract of red sandstone of unknown depth. ..."

evidence:-

old map:- Perrot 1823
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland and Westmoreland ie Westmorland, scale about 38 miles to 1 inch, by Aristide Michel Perrot, engraved by Migneret, 1823, published by Etienne Ledoux, 9 Rue Guenegaud, Paris, France, 1824-48.

click to enlarge
PER2.jpg
"Penrith"
circle; town
item:- Dove Cottage : 2007.38.45
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Greenwood 1824
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, engraving, Map of the County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, etc, by Christopher and John Greenwood, published by George Pringle jnr, 70 Queen Street, Cheapside, London, 1823.

gw12pnrt.jpg
"PENRITH"
street map; labelled in block caps for a market town.
item:- National Library of Scotland : EME.b.3.11
Image © National Library of Scotland

evidence:-

old map:- Cobbett 1832
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 20 miles to 1 inch, by William Cobbett, 11 Bolt Court, Fleet Street, London, 1832.

click to enlarge
COB5.jpg
"Penrith"
dot and circle; town
item:- JandMN : 117
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

descriptive text:- Ford 1839 (3rd edn 1843)
placename:- Penrith
placename:- Perith

source data:-

Guide book, A Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by Rev William Ford, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, by W Edwards, 12 Ave Maria Lane, Charles Tilt, Fleet Street, William Smith, 113 Fleet Street, London, by Currie and Bowman, Newcastle, by Bancks and Co, Manchester, by Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, and by Sinclair, Dumfries, 1839.

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"..."
"THE order in which the Lakes should be visited, if seen in any prescribed order at all, can be pointed out much more easily than satisfactorily. Lancaster and Kendal in the south, Carlisle and Penrith in the north, formerly offered the readiest facilities of access to this Northern Elysium; but since the improvement of steam navigation, Whitehaven and other ports have become equally suitable as starting places. One advantage, however, remains in favour of the old routes, that the direct lines are better, especially for carriages, although to the pedestrian this will not be a matter of any great importance."

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Page 131:- "... the market-town of"
"PENRITH,"
"Vulgarly called Perith, an ancient, respectable, and well-built town, consisting chiefly of one long street, at the junction of the roads from London and Manchester to Glasgow. The houses, built of stone, are generally plastered and whitewashed. In 1807 the town was much improved by the removal of the market-cross, shambles, and moot-hall; and the south entrance from Appleby has lately been widened and carried by a gentle curve out of the town, instead of by a narrow, crooked, and dangerous road, as it formerly was. The markets and fairs are well attended, and rank high as marts for agricultural produce."
"The parish church, dedicated to St. Andrew, ..."

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Page 132:- "[the] ruins of the Castle are on the west side of the town: ... On the north side of the town is the excellent race-course, ... At the George inn is a spacious assembly-room, and at the Crown a news-room, which, with libraries, form a fund of amusement for the inhabitants."
"Above the race-course, on the point of a wood-embowered hill, stands the Beacon, ..."

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Page 133:- "Many pleasant and picturesque walks are in this neighbourhood; and, within five miles, are Lowther Castle, Brougham Hall, Eden Hall, Dalemain, Greystoke Castle, Hutton Hall, and Ulles Water."

evidence:-

old map:- Ford 1839 map
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Lake District of Cumberland, Westmoreland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, and by R Groombridge, 5 Paternoster Row, London, 3rd edn 1843.

FD02NY53.jpg
"PENRITH"
item:- JandMN : 100.1
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Garnett 1850s-60s H
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map of the English Lakes, in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s.

GAR2NY53.jpg
"PENRITH"
blocks, settlement
item:- JandMN : 82.1
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old text:- Martineau 1855

source data:-

Guide book, A Complete Guide to the English Lakes, by Harriet Martineau, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, and by Whittaker and Co, London, 1855; published 1855-76.

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Page 170:- "... Penrith is a neat little town, busy, from being the great thoroughfare of the district, but not particularly interesting, except from some Druidical remains in the neighbourhood, a curiosity in the churchyard, and the vicinity of Brougham Castle. ..."

evidence:-

old text:- Gents Mag
placename:- Penereth
item:- licence to crenellate

source data:-

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Gentleman's Magazine 1856 part 2 pp.467-475 "..."
"LICENCES TO CRENELLATE, FROM THE PATENT ROLLS IN THE TOWER OF LONDON. (Continued from p.330.)"
"[Edward III continued]"
"..."
"20. Homines villae de Penereth villam predictam Penereth^z."
"..."
"^z There are some remains of the castle at Penrith, Cumberland, but they appear to be of a later date."
"..."

evidence:-

old text:- Gents Mag 1856
item:- licence to crenellate

source data:-

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Gentleman's Magazine 1856 part 2 pp.467-475 "..."
"LICENCES TO CRENELLATE, FROM THE PATENT ROLLS IN THE TOWER OF LONDON. (Continued from p.330.)"
"..."
"RICHARD II. A.D. 1377. June 22. 1399. Sep. 29."
"..."
"20. Willielmus Stukeland, clericus quandam cameram suam in villa de Penreth ... March. Scociae."
"..."
"22. Willielmus de Stirkeland unum mantelettum^k Penreth ... March. Scociae."
"^k The Roll recites the previous grant thus: "nuper," &c. "concessimus," &c. "licentiam," &c., "kernellandi quandam cameram in villa de Penreth super March. Scociae. Nos de uberiori gratia nostra concessimus," &c., "licentiam quod ipse unum mantelletum de petra et calce facere et camerae praedictae conjungere et mantelletum praedictam kernellare," &c. The name is misspelt in both instances: there can be no doubt it ought to be Strickland."
"..."

evidence:-

old itinerary:- Tinsley 1877 (Roads/Cum)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Itinerary, route 3, London to Edinburgh and Glasgow via Boroughbridge and Carlisle, including from Bowes, Durham; through Brough, Appleby, Westmorland; then Penrith, Carlisle, Longtown, Cumberland; and into Scotland, published by Tinsley Bros, 8 Catherine Street, Strand, London, 1877.

click to enlarge
TLY138.jpg
pp.36-49 in British High Roads, North and North Eastern Routes; pp.37-39.
printed at p.36:- "... / ROUTE III. - LONDON to EDINBURGH and GLASGOW via / BOROUGHBRIDGE and CARLISLE (See Maps 31 to 42.) / Boroughbridge 206 (as per Route I.), Leeming 221½, Catterick 228, Greta Bridge 242½, Bowes 248½, Brough 261½, Appleby 269¾, / Penrith 283½, Carlisle 301½, Longtown 310¼, Langholm 321¾, / Hawick 349½, Selkirk 356, Middleton 379½, Edinburgh 392½. / ..."
item:- private collection : 270.1
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old strip map:- Tinsley 1877 (Roads/Cum)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Strip map, road map, part of London to Edinburgh via Boroughbridge and Carlisle, including from Appleby, Westmorland through Penrith to Carlisle, Cumberland, published by Tinsley Bros, 8 Catherine Street, Strand, London, 1877.

click to enlarge
TLY1M2.jpg
Map pp.35-36 in British High Roads, North and North Eastern Routes.
printed at top:- "BRITISH HIGH ROADS. / 35 LONDON TO EDINBURGH, VIA BOROUGHBRIDGE &CARLISLE. 36"
item:- private collection : 270.4
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old text:- Harper 1907
placename:-  Penrith
placename:-  Penrhydd
item:-  placename, Penrith; incursion, 1345; 1745 Rebellion; rebellion, 1745

source data:-

Guidebook, The Manchester and Glasgow Road, by Charles G Harper, published by Chapman and Hall Ltd, London, 1907.
HP01p130.txt
Page 130:- "..."
"PENRITH derives its name, originally Pen-rhydd, "the red hill," from Beacon Hill, 937 feet high, under whose shelter this place of narrow and huddled streets lies. The Beacon Hill was in the old days a protection to the surrounding country, for from its crest flared those warning flames that advised many a mile of threatened Westmoreland of the approach of the invading Scots."
"But although Penrith is sheltered by its great godfather hill, it was never at any time effectually protected against the invader. Carlisle, eighteen miles away to the north, was its great bulwark, and if that fortified city fell, or were cleverly avoided, then the case of Penrith was sorry indeed, as in the notable instance of 1345, when the Scots, numbering 26,000 men, came pouring across the Border, and burnt the town and many neighbouring villages; taking prisoners with them, on their return, as many hale and hearty men as they could find, to be sold as slaves to the highest bidders. Such was the life on the Borders in the fourteenth century, and reading these things, we are inclined to agree with Taylor the "Water-poet's" conclusion:"
""
"Whoso then did in the Borders dwell"
"Lived little happier than those in Hell."
"The next year, the remaining inhabitants of Penrith, graciously permitted by the King to protect themselves,"
HP01p131.txt
Page 131:- "build a communal castle. and each townsman so far as was possible to him, rebuilt his own dwelling-house in a strong and defensible way. Hence the grim, thick-walled houses that even now line many of the narrow streets. ..."
HP01p135.txt
Page 135:- "Penrith has suffered much in its time from wars and tumults, but it was afflicted in a dreadful manner by a great plague which almost depopulated the neighbourhood between September, 1597, and January, 1599, as an inscription in the church relates. In Penrith itself 2,260 people died, and in Kendal, 2,500."
"..."
"The chief streets of the town have been much modernised, but some old landmarks reward the diligent. The "Prince Charles Restaurant," a baker's shop, occupies the mansion where the Young Pretender lodged, and some old Penrith merchants' houses remain: notably one in Angel Lane, on whose front the old local passion for remembrance, that usually finds expression in dates, initials, and improving maxims, develops into family history and epitaph, ..."

evidence:-

old itinerary:- Johnson 1908 (Roads/Cum)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Itinerary, Route 37 in Roads Made Easy by Picture and Pen, Preston to Glasgow, by Claude Johnson, edited by Lord Montagu, published by The Car Illustrated, 168 Piccadilly, London, 1908.

click to enlarge
JS5002.jpg
pp.1-10 in the road book, Roads Made Easy by Picture and Pen, vol.3.
printed at beginning, p.1:- "ROUTE 37. / PRESTON via Lancaster (21½), Kendal (42½), Shap (58½), Penrith (69), Carlisle (87), Lockerbie (111½), Beattock (125¾), Abington (144½), Hamilton (170½) to GLASGOW (182). / (The Land's End to John o' Groats Route.)"

click to enlarge
JS5003.jpg
item:- private collection : 268.2
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old itinerary:- Johnson 1908 (Roads/Cum)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Itinerary, Route 37 reverse in Roads Made Easy by Picture and Pen, Glasgow to Preston, by Claude Johnson, edited by Lord Montagu, published by The Car Illustrated, 168 Piccadilly, London, 1908.

click to enlarge
JS5017.jpg
pp.11-21 in the road book, Roads Made Easy by Picture and Pen, vol.3.
printed at beginning, p.11:- "ROUTE 37. Reverse / GLASGOW via Hamilton (11½), Abington (37½), Beattock (56¼), Lockerbie (70½), Carlisle (95), Penrith (113), Shap (123½), Kendal (139½), Lancaster (160½) to PRESTON (182)."
item:- private collection : 268.3
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old itinerary:- Johnson 1908 (Roads/Cum)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Itinerary, Route 41. reverse in Roads Made Easy by Picture and Pen, Glasgow to Doncaster, through Appleby, by Claude Johnson, edited by Lord Montagu, published by The Car Illustrated, 168 Piccadilly, London, 1908.

click to enlarge
JS5083.jpg
pp.83-84 in the road book, Roads Made Easy by Picture and Pen, vol.3.
printed at beginning, p.83:- "ROUTE 41. Reverse. / GLASGOW via Carlisle (95), Penrith (113), Appleby (125½), Bowes (146¾), Scotch Corner (162¾), Boroughbrisge (191¾), to DONCASTER (235¼)."
item:- private collection : 268.11
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

text:- Curwen 1913
placename:- Penereth
item:- licence to crenellate

source data:-

Book, The Castles and Fortified Towers of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire North of the Sands, by John F Curwen, published for the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society by Titus Wilson, Kendal, Westmorland, 1913.
Licence to crenellate granted by Edward III; 10 April 1346:- "Homines villae de Penereth quod ipsam villam predictam muro de petra et calce firmare et kernellare ... Penereth."

evidence:-

old map:- Postlethwaite 1877 (3rd edn 1913)
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Lake District Mining Field, Westmorland, Cumberland, Lancashire, scale about 5 miles to 1 inch, by John Postlethwaite, published by W H Moss and Sons, 13 Lowther Street, Whitehaven, Cumberland, 1877 edn 1913.

PST2NY52.jpg
"PENRITH"
roads, railways
item:- JandMN : 162.2
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Burrow 1920s
placename:- Penrith

source data:-

Road book, On the Road, Dunlop Pictorial Road Plans, volume V, strip maps with parts in Westmorland, Cumberland etc, irregular scale about 1.5 miles to 1 inch, by E J Burrow and Co, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, 1920s.

EJB3Vg21.jpg
"Penrith is now close ahead, guarded by Beacon Hill and with the merest fragment of its castle lingering near the railway station. The town has some old inns and many old houses built in narrow streets in a way that helps to conjure up pictures of hand-to-hand fighting twixt English and Scots. The churchyard contains two ancient sandstone pillars with traces of Runic decoration, set at either end of what is known as the Giant's Grave. ..."
item:- private collection : 17
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

market notes:-
item:- market

source data:-

www.history.ac.uk/cmh/gaz/gazweb2.htmOwen: 1792: New Book of Fairs: 1889: Market Rights and Tolls: HM GovernmentBowen, Emanuel &Kitchin, Thomas: 1760: New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland

more notes

CCS56.jpg Postmark:-
"PENRITH / 10-45AM / 6 SEP / 1961 / CUMBERLAND"

Post Office maps

evidence:-

old print:- Bogg 1898

source data:-

Print, engraving, Street Scene, Penrith, Cumberland, by A Haselgrave, published by Edmund Bogg, 3 Woodhouse Lane, and James Miles, Guildford Street, Leeds, Yorkshire, 1898.

click to enlarge
BGG137.jpg
Included on p.134 of Lakeland and Ribblesdale, by Edmund Bogg.
item:- JandMN : 231.37
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old advertisement:- Atkinson 1847 (5th edn 1850)
placename:- Penrith
item:- coach; Helvellyn, The; Skiddaw, The

source data:-

Advertisement for coaches, Thet Helvellyn and The Skiddaw, running between Ambleside and Patterdale, Westmorland, and Penrith, Cumberland, 1850.

click to enlarge
AK2A12.jpg
At the end of a Handbook to the English Lakes, 5th edn.
item:- Armitt Library : A1144.21
Image © see bottom of page

longcase clocks

hearsay:-

A market was established here by Henry III, about 1123; Wednesday market and fair from the Eve of Pentecost to the Monday after the Feast of the Holy Trinity.

notes:-

supposed town walls

licence to crenellate 10 April 1346

Perriam, D R &Robinson, J: 1998: Medieval Fortified Buildings of Cumbria: CWAAS:: ISBN 1 873124 23 6

personal

person:-

artist
: Thompson, Jacob

place:-

birthplace

date:-

1806

Jacob Thompson, eldest son of Merrick Thompson, was born on Langton Street, 1806. His father, a Quaker, was a factory owner who had built Factory Yard, Friargate. Jacob became an artist, exhibiting at Carlisle Academy of Art, and from 1831 at the Royal Academy and the British Institution, London. After living in the south 1834-41, he returned to live at The Hermitage, Hackthorpe, on the estate of Lord Lonsdale. He died there, 1879, and is buried in the churchyard at Lowther.

places:-

NY51813016 Abbots Bank (Penrith) L

NY51603012 Advertiser Office (Penrith)

NY51283004 Agricultural Hotel (Penrith)

NY51563030 Albert Court (Penrith) L

NY51593113 Alma Cottage (Penrith) L

NY51423096 Anchor Farm (Penrith)

NY51173085 Anchor Farm (Penrith)

NY51343101 Arches, The (Penrith)

NY51713065 Arthur Villa (Penrith)

NY50873013 Ash Grove (Penrith) L out of sight

NY51463010 Ash Inn (Penrith)

NY50773006 Ashbank (Penrith)

NY51312976 bandstand, Penrith (Penrith)

NY51143061 Bank House (Penrith) L

NY52433017 Barco Hill (Penrith)

NY52132992 Barco Lodge (Penrith) L

NY5130 battle site, Penrith (Penrith)

NY5230 Beacon Bank (Penrith)

NY52473132 Beacon Hill (Penrith)

NY52503150 Beacon Plantation (Penrith)

NY53023113 Beacon Quarry (Penrith)

NY51983098 Beaconside (Penrith)

NY522309 Beauhill (Penrith)

NY51832995 Beckside House (Penrith)

NY51703013 Bishop Yards Cottage (Penrith) L

NY51513007 Board and Elbow (Penrith) L

NY51073088 Bowerbank Hall (Penrith) L

NY51823032 Boys National School (Penrith) gone

NY51933052 Brent House (Penrith)

NY51423034 British Legion (Penrith) L

NY52412991 Brooklands (Penrith)

NY51363029 Brunswick School (Penrith)

NY51183033 Brunswick Terrace (Penrith)

NY51633021 Butter Market (Penrith)

NY53 canal, Penrith and Ullswater (Penrith) proposed

NY52982971 Candia (Penrith) L

NY52753029 Carleton Derrick (Penrith)

NY53793047 Carletonhill Farm (Penrith)

NY52183099 Caroline Cottage (Penrith) L

NY51282986 Castle Park (Penrith)

NY51133008 Castle, The (Penrith)

NY50683005 Castletown (Penrith)

NY51613047 chapel, Penrith (Penrith)

NY51753032 Methodist Church (Penrith) L

NY51583054 Penrith and Penruddock United Reformed Church (Penrith)

NY51533043 chapel, Penrith (4) (Penrith)

NY51563056 chapel, Penrith (5) (Penrith)

NY51353041 United Reformed Church (Penrith) L

NY51383054 Christ Church (Penrith) L

NY51273056 Christchurch Cottage (Penrith)

NY51573013 Musgrave Monument (Penrith) L

NY51653021 Coach and Horses Inn (Penrith)

NY51163077 Cockell House (Penrith) L

NY52483056 Cold Springs (Penrith) L

NY51672996 Conservative Club (Penrith) L

NY51493008 Corn Market (Penrith)

NY51483039 Corney House (Penrith) L

NY51523077 Croft House (Penrith)

NY52972968 Cross Keys, The (Penrith) L

NY51753036 Crozier Lodge (Penrith) L

NY50973068 Crudmire (Penrith) gone

NY51533018 Devonshire Chambers (Penrith) L

NY51452999 Dockray Lodge (Penrith) L

NY514299 Dockray Hall (Penrith)

NY51583024 Dog and Duck Inn (Penrith) L

NY51942971 Dog Beck (Penrith)

NY51083082 Drove and Anchor Inn (Penrith)

NY51683029 Druids Arms, The (Penrith) L

NY50962961 Penrith Engine Shed (Penrith) gone

NY51913085 Fellside (Penrith) L

NY51543114 Fern Bank (Penrith) L

NY51253073 Field House Farm (Penrith)

NY51633021 Fish Cellar, The (Penrith)

NY51783012 Friarage, The (Penrith)

NY5130 friary, Penrith (Penrith)

NY51892998 gas works, Penrith (Penrith) gone

NY51643017 Giant's Grave (Penrith)

NY51623016 Giant's Thumb (Penrith)

NY50773035 Gillwilly Lane (Penrith)

NY51523004 Gloucester Arms (Penrith) L

NY51583029 Granary House (Penrith) L

NY51663000 Grapes, The (Penrith) L gone?

NY51293027 Greenfield House (Penrith)

NY51952960 Greengarth (Penrith)

NY51043085 Grey Bull Inn (Penrith)

NY51643029 Grey Goat, The (Penrith) L

NY51203056 Greyhound Inn (Penrith)

NY52002951 Halfway House (Penrith)

NY50923016 Hawthorn (Penrith) L

NY52123084 Hill House (Penrith) L

NY51603044 Holmeleigh (Penrith)

NY51752986 house, Penrith (2) (Penrith)

NY51483025 house, Penrith (3) (Penrith)

NY51753030 house, Penrith (4) (Penrith)

NY51513029 Pamela's (Penrith)

NY51583045 Hunter House (Penrith) L

NY51803025 Hutton Hall (Penrith) L

NY51132998 hydrant plate, Penrith (Penrith)

NY51433041 hydrant plate, Penrith (2) (Penrith)

NY51783012 hydrant plate, Penrith (3) (Penrith)

NY52013064 Ivy Cottage (Penrith)

NY51403086 Lamley House (Penrith)

NY51043082 Lark Hall (Penrith) L

NY51803036 Vicarage (Penrith) L

NY51673041 Lonsdale House (Penrith) L

NY51513028 Lowther Arms (Penrith) L

NY51553014 Lowther Gardens (Penrith) L

NY51033067 Lowther House (Penrith) L

NY52673096 Lynwood (Penrith)

NY51052893 M6 junction 40 (Penrith)

NY51753014 Magistrate's Clerks Office (Penrith) L

NY51733021 Mansion House (Penrith) L

NY51793023 Masonic Hall (Penrith) L

NY50463090 Melbourne House (Penrith)

NY51722987 Miners Arms (Penrith)

NY51803010 Mostyn Hall (Penrith) L

NY51763104 Mount Pleasant (Penrith)

NY511298 Mountain Heritage Trust (Penrith)

NY5029 Myers Beck (Penrith)

NY52343100 Nandana (Penrith)

NY51473031 New Brewery (Penrith) gone

NY51123003 Newlands Lodge (Penrith)

NY50992993 Newlands Place (Penrith)

NY51053002 Newlands Terrace (Penrith)

NY51803012 North Friarage (Penrith) L

NY51713009 Oddfellows Arms (Penrith)

NY51313049 Old Brewery (Penrith) gone

NY51653008 Old Crown Inn (Penrith)

NY51793065 Outwood (Penrith) L

NY51133058 Page Hall (Penrith)

NY52462968 Pategill (Penrith)

NY51942990 Pembroke Place (Penrith) gone

NY50993104 Pennyhill (Penrith) gone?

NY52123138 Penrith Beacon (Penrith) L

NY51683121 Penrith Cemetery (Penrith) L

NY52102940 Penrith Fire Station (Penrith)

NY51433194 Penrith Golf Club (Penrith)

NY52152932 Penrith Hospital (Penrith)

NY50782931 Penrith Junction (Penrith)

NY51483056 Penrith Methodist Church (Penrith) L

NY51453033 Penrith Museum (Penrith) L

NY51673018 Penrith Parish Centre (Penrith)

NY51513042 Penrith Police Station (Penrith)

NY51142990 Penrith Station (Penrith) L

NY509304 ACE Fixings (Penrith)

NY51563031 Albert Street (Penrith)

NY51543030 Penrith: Albert Street, 9 to 11 (Penrith) L

NY51533031 Penrith: Albert Street, 12 and 13 (Penrith) L

NY51553032 Penrith: Albert Street, 26 to 29 (Penrith) L

NY51563032 Penrith: Albert Street, 30 to 32 (Penrith) L

NY50863010 Alexandra Road (Penrith)

NY51543007 Angel Lane (Penrith)

NY51563007 Penrith: Angel Lane, 4 (Penrith) L

NY515302 N Arnison and Son (Penrith) L

NY51723061 Arthur Street (Penrith)

NY51673055 Penrith: Arthur Street, 19 and 20 (Penrith) L

NY51683059 Stone House (Penrith) L

NY51743065 Penrith: Arthur Street, 30 and 31 (Penrith) L

NY51693053 Penrith: Arthur Street, 48 to 50 (Penrith) L

NY51693055 Aviemore (Penrith)

NY51713056 Penrith: Arthur Street, 53 to 55 (Penrith) L

NY51733059 Penrith: Arthur Street, 60 (Penrith) L

NY51743060 Penrith: Arthur Street, 61 to 63 (Penrith) L

NY51803068 Penrith: Arthur Street, 65 to 68 (Penrith) L

NY51593014 Penrith: Barclay's Bank (Penrith) L

NY51663022 Beckside Books (Penrith) L

NY51783028 Bensons Row (Penrith)

NY51703014 Bishop Yards (Penrith)

NY51733014 Penrith: Bishop Yards, 1 to 3 (Penrith) L

NY51383023 Bluebell Lane (Penrith)

NY51582996 Bowling Green Lane (Penrith)

NY51543027 Brook Street (Penrith)

NY51033009 Brougham Street (Penrith)

NY51283024 Brunswick Road (Penrith)

NY51253033 Brunswick Square (Penrith)

NY51273042 Penrith: Brunswick Square, 18 (Penrith) L

NY51563024 Burrowgate (Penrith)

NY51593025 Penrith: Burrowgate, 45 and 46 (Penrith) L

NY51563021 Penrith: Burrowgate, 54 (Penrith) L

NY51493024 Burton's (Penrith)

NY51393006 Castlegate (Penrith)

NY51503008 Corn Market (Penrith)

NY51543009 Penrith: Corn Market, 3 to 5 (Penrith) L

NY51523009 Conlons (Penrith)

NY51523007 Penrith: Corn Market, 9 to 12 (Penrith) L

NY51493010 Penrith: Corn Market, 24 and 25 (Penrith) L

NY51503010 Penrith: Corn Market, 25a (Penrith) L

NY51513011 Penrith: Corn Market, 26 (Penrith) L

NY51513032 Costas Tapas Bar (Penrith)

NY51613009 Penrith: Cowper's (Penrith)

NY51223005 Cromwell Road (Penrith)

NY51013010 Cross Street (Penrith)

NY51682998 Crown Square (Penrith)

NY51662999 Rowcliffe House Veterinary Surgery (Penrith) L

NY51713020 De Whelpdale's Lane (Penrith)

NY51543018 Penrith: Devonshire Street (Penrith)

NY51543015 Carphone Warehouse (Penrith) L

NY51533016 Shoe Zone (Penrith) L

NY51533018 P F and K (Penrith) L

NY51533019 Gold Place, The (Penrith) L

NY51523019 Narrowbar Cafe (Penrith) L

NY51583016 Penrith: Devonshire Street, 23 (Penrith) L

NY51273065 Drovers Lane (Penrith)

NY51373041 Duke Street (Penrith)

NY51953057 Fell Lane (Penrith)

NY51993005 Folly Lane (Penrith)

NY51123063 Foster Street (Penrith)

NY51793008 Friargate (Penrith)

NY51483088 Graham Street (Penrith)

NY51543011 James and John Graham (Penrith)

NY51523001 Great Dockray (Penrith)

NY51583001 Charles R Sykes (Penrith) L

NY51573000 Penrith: Great Dockray, 5 to 7 (Penrith) L

NY51552999 Penrith: Great Dockray, 8 (Penrith) L

NY51502999 Penrith: Great Dockray, 21 (Penrith) L

NY51502999 Vaseys (Penrith)

NY51493000 Jacksons Family Butchers (Penrith) L

NY51493000 Penrith: Great Dockray, 24 to 25 (Penrith) L

NY51493003 Penrith: Great Dockray, 26 (Penrith) L

NY51553002 Penrith: Great Dockray, 36 (Penrith) L

NY51563002 Penrith: Great Dockray, 37 to 39 (Penrith) L

NY5130 Greenfields Heat and Power (Penrith)

NY50973007 Howard Street (Penrith)

NY51553013 HSBC Bank (Penrith)

NY51533041 Hunter's Lane (Penrith)

NY51653005 King Street (Penrith)

NY51653008 Penrith: King Street, 9 and 10 (Penrith) L

NY51663006 Penrith: King Street, 12 (Penrith) L

NY51683002 Penrith: King Street, 19 to 21 (Penrith) L

NY51702996 Penrith: King Street, 26 to 28 (Penrith) L

NY51672999 Penrith: King Street, 30 to 31 (Penrith) L

NY51643004 Penrith: King Street, 41 and 42 (Penrith) L

NY51633006 Penrith: King Street, 43 and 44 (Penrith) L

NY51623007 Penrith: King Street, 46 (Penrith) L

NY51603008 Penrith: King Street, 48 to 52 (Penrith) L

NY51702994 Langton Street (Penrith)

NY51023075 Lark Lane (Penrith)

NY51523017 Little Dockray (Penrith)

NY51523013 Penrith: Little Dockray, 3 (Penrith) L

NY51513016 Thomas Cook (Penrith) L

NY51503017 Dottie Days (Penrith) L

NY51493018 Sandwell Furniture (Penrith) L

NY51523018 Penrith: Little Dockray, 19 to 21 (Penrith) L

NY51623010 Lloyds Bank (Penrith)

NY51673068 Lowther Street (Penrith)

NY51683028 Maggie's Bakery (Penrith)

NY51563010 Penrith: Market Square (Penrith) L

NY51623044 Meeting House Lane (Penrith)

NY51683040 Penrith: Meeting House Lane, 14 to 17 (Penrith) L

NY51453030 Middlegate (Penrith)

NY51503021 Toymaster (Penrith) L

Penrith: Middlegate, 3 to 5 (Penrith) L

NY51493023 Penrith: Middlegate, 6 and 7 (Penrith) L

NY51483024 Penrith: Middlegate, 8 (Penrith) L

NY51473025 Penrith: Middlegate, 11 and 12 (Penrith) L

NY51453025 Penrith: Middlegate, 13 and 14 (Penrith) L

NY51063015 Mill Street (Penrith)

NY50993091 Milton Street (Penrith)

NY51143057 Nichol Hill (Penrith)

NY51942989 Old London Road (Penrith)

NY51663011 Penrith Building Society (Penrith)

NY51593001 Princes Street (Penrith)

NY51503031 Queen Street (Penrith)

NY51523030 Penrith: Queen Street, 7 (Penrith) L

NY51503033 Penrith: Queen Street, 11 and 14 (Penrith) L

NY51493034 Penrith: Queen Street, 17 (Penrith) L

NY51473033 Penrith: Queen Street, 19 to 22 (Penrith) L

NY51493030 Penrith: Queen Street, 24 and 25 (Penrith) L

NY51812983 John Richardson and Son (Penrith)

NY51013085 Robinson Street (Penrith)

NY51842986 Roper Street (Penrith)

NY51822987 Penrith: Roper Street, 1 (Penrith) L gone

NY51613006 Rowcliffe Lane (Penrith)

NY51693014 Royal Thai Restaurant (Penrith) L

NY51503020 Saddlery and Travel Goods (Penrith)

NY51693031 Sandgate (Penrith)

NY51703034 Penrith: Sandgate, 13 to 15 (Penrith) L

NY51723035 Penrith: Sandgate, 16 to 19 (Penrith)

NY51543023 Sands (Penrith)

NY51063093 Scotland Road (Penrith)

NY51173064 Penrith: Scotland Road, 6-7 (Penrith)

NY51633011 Sinclair's Dental Laboratory (Penrith) L

NY51123065 Skinner Street (Penrith)

NY51742985 Southend Road (Penrith)

NY51613017 Penrith: St Andrew's Churchyard, 2 to 4 (Penrith) L

NY51643019 Penrith: St Andrew's Churchyard, 8 (Penrith) L

NY51653020 Anthony Wright and Associates (Penrith) L

NY51653021 Penrith: St Andrew's Churchyard, 11 and 12 (Penrith) L

NY51643012 St Andrew's Place (Penrith)

NY51663011 Penrith: St Andrew's Place, 1 (Penrith) L

NY51663010 Penrith: St Andrew's Square, 1 and 2 (Penrith) L

NY51673023 Penrith: St Andrew's View, 1 (Penrith) L

NY51323050 Stricklandgate (Penrith)

NY51373048 Penrith: Stricklandgate, 21 (Penrith) L

NY51233058 Townhead Chippy (Penrith)

NY51223056 Penrith: Stricklandgate, 60 to 62 (Penrith) L

NY51363045 Penrith: Stricklandgate, 85 to 87 (Penrith) L

NY50883089 Thacka Lane (Penrith)

NY51603013 Thornborrow's (Penrith) L

NY51563022 Tilly's (Penrith)

NY51792985 Victoria Road (Penrith)

NY51832975 Victoria Villas (Penrith)

NY51732994 Penrith: Victoria Road, 20 (Penrith) L

NY51782988 Penrith: Victoria Road, 31 (Penrith)

NY51762987 Penrith: Victoria Road, 36 (Penrith)

NY51442996 West Lane (Penrith)

NY51472995 Penrith: West Lane, 11 and 12 (Penrith) L

NY51493012 White Hart Yard (Penrith)

NY51513054 Penrith: Wordsworth Terrace (Penrith) L

NY51293048 Petterill Terrace (Penrith)

NY51962956 Plague Stone (Penrith) L

NY52552922 Police Museum (Penrith) gone

NY51102941 post box, Penrith (Penrith)

NY51553010 post box, Penrith (2) (Penrith)

NY51952988 post box, Penrith (3) (Penrith)

NY51213033 post box, Penrith (4) (Penrith)

NY51652997 Penrith Post Office (Penrith)

NY52073074 Potters Lodge (Penrith) L

NY51213032 Presbyterian Manse (Penrith)

NY51212959 Queen Elizabeth Grammar School (Penrith)

NY515321 Penrith Race Course (Penrith)

NY50602875 railway bridge, Dacre (3) (Dacre)

NY50913073 railway bridge, Penrith (2) (Penrith)

NY51173010 railway bridge, Penrith (3) (Penrith)

NY50742925 railway bridge, Penrith (6) (Penrith)

NY51143028 railway bridge, Penrith (7) (Penrith)

NY51113000 Railway Inn (Penrith)

NY51692990 Red Coach Restaurant (Penrith) L

NY51073117 Red Stone Inn (Penrith)

NY51613008 Robin Hood Inn, The (Penrith)

NY51523107 Rosebank (Penrith)

NY51702999 Royal Hussar Hotel (Penrith) L gone

NY51403042 Royal, The (Penrith)

NY51003087 Rutherford House (Penrith) L

NY51722991 Salutation Hotel (Penrith) L

NY52263043 Scaws (Penrith)

NY51623018 Free Grammar School (Penrith) L

NY51693039 Infants School (Penrith) L

NY51613012 Penrith School (Penrith) L

NY51663038 school, Penrith (4) (Penrith)

NY51323004 Penrith School (Penrith)

NY51353062 school, Penrith (6) (Penrith)

NY51642978 Eden Rivers (Penrith)

NY5230 Scumshaw Farm (Penrith)

NY51583018 Shambles (Penrith)

NY51243050 Shepherd's Hill (Penrith) L out of sight

NY51093103 Sportsman Inn (Penrith)

NY51603016 St Andrew's Churchyard (Penrith)

NY51303061 St Catherine's Chapel (Penrith)

NY51233071 St George's School (Penrith)

NY51293000 Station Hotel (Penrith)

NY50403002 Station View House (Penrith) L gone

NY50503403 Stoneybeck Inn (Penrith) L

NY51453038 Strickland House (Penrith) L

NY51303052 Strickland Terrace (Penrith)

NY51053055 tanyard, Penrith (Penrith) gone

NY51162990 telephone box, Penrith (Penrith) L

NY51373006 Temperance Hotel (Penrith)

NY50763096 Thacka Lane Bridge (Penrith)

NY50953088 Thackagate (Penrith) L

NY52162899 Toll Bar Cottage (Penrith) L

NY50203256 toll gate, Penrith (Penrith)

NY51243000 toll gate, Penrith (3) (Penrith)

NY51433043 Town Hall (Penrith)

NY51573012 town house, Penrith (Penrith) gone

NY51113039 TPO apparatus, Penrith (Penrith)

NY51623011 Tudor Cottage (Penrith) L

NY51093094 Turk's Head Inn (Penrith)

NY51572997 Two Lions Inn (Penrith) L

NY51932967 Tynefield House (Penrith) L

NY51852989 Union Court Brewery (Penrith)

NY51133015 Union Mills (Penrith)

NY51802984 Union Place (Penrith)

NY50903004 Union Terrace (Penrith)

NY51932948 vicarage, Penrith (Penrith) gone?

NY52152986 Victoria Cottage (Penrith) L

NY51972981 Victoria Place (Penrith)

NY52123137 viewpoint, Beacon Hill (Penrith)

NY51443037 Villa Bianca (Penrith) L

NY51753068 Virginia (Penrith) L

NY51613013 war memorial, Penrith (Penrith)

NY51282977 war memorial, Penrith (2) (Penrith)

NY51212986 war memorial, Penrith (3) (Penrith)

NY51613026 Warehouse, The (Penrith)

NY51692997 Waverley Hotel (Penrith) L

NY51923091 Westview (Penrith)

NY51272908 Wetheriggs (Penrith)

NY51792998 White Horse Cellar (Penrith)

NY51542998 White Horse, The (Penrith) L

NY51902984 White House (Penrith) L gone

NY52913096 White House (Penrith)

NY50803056 Willow Grove (Penrith) gone?

NY52552960 Winter's Park (Penrith)

NY51523017 Wolfe, The (Penrith) L

NY51922945 Woodlands (Penrith)

NY51563021 Woolpack Inn (Penrith) L

NY51653018 St Andrew's Church (Penrith) L

NY51552996 bowling green, Penrith (Penrith) gone

NY5130 gaol, Penrith (Penrith)

NY5130 Crown Inn (Penrith) gone

NY5130 Cumberland Mineral Water Factory (Penrith)

NY51543018 Devonshire Boot Stores (Penrith)

NY51543007 Exchange, The (Penrith)

NY51553019 George Hotel (Penrith) L

NY51403006 Museum Hotel (Penrith)

NY51513009 Olde Drugge Shoppe, Ye (Penrith)

NY5130 Penrith: Arcade, 11 (Penrith)

NY5130 Penrith: Banks Swinburn (Penrith)

NY51553014 Penrith: Devonshire Street, 2 (Penrith)

NY51533017 Penrith: Devonshire Street, 7 (Penrith)

NY51523020 Penrith: Devonshire Street, 14 (Penrith)

NY51633008 Penrith: Glendinning, W J (Penrith)

NY51573012 Penrith: Herd Bros (Penrith)

NY5130 Penrith: Hetherington Bros (Penrith)

NY51633009 Penrith: King Street, 2 (Penrith)

NY51633008 Tim Roebuck optician (Penrith)

NY51653007 Penrith: King Street, 11 (Penrith)

NY51673002 Penrith: King Street, 18 (Penrith)

NY51663004 Penrith: King Street, 40 (Penrith)

NY51613009 Penrith: King Street, 47 (Penrith)

NY51573012 Penrith: Market Square, 4 (Penrith)

NY51573012 Penrith: Metcalfe and Bainbridge (Penrith)

NY51513010 Penrith: Pattinson and Winter (Penrith)

NY5130 Penrith: Wilson, Jespers and Co (Penrith)

NY51542998 Thompson's Livery Stables (Penrith)

NY5130 Victoria Foundry (Penrith)

NY51493012 White Hart Hotel (Penrith) gone

NY51242993 Penrith Castle (Penrith) L

NY51262987 drinking fountain, Penrith (Penrith)

NY517302 water trough, Penrith (Penrith)

London and Glasgow Railway ()

NY50743004 Castlegate Turnpike (Penrith)

NY51633040 Penrith Meeting House (Penrith) L

NY51723035 seat, Penrith (Penrith)

NY51693109 viewpoint, Penrith (Penrith)

NY51233131 Fair Hill (Penrith)

NY51732993 John Norris of Penrith (Penrith)

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