1387. Cockermouth surprised, and Peter Tilliol, Sheriff of the county, taken by the Scots, under the Earls of Douglas and Fife. The suburbs of Carlisle burnt by the Scots, among whom Sir William Douglas, a natural son of Archibald Lord Douglas, particularly distinguished himself, overcoming three armed citizens on a draw-bridge of the out-works. Shortly aftwards the Scots were defeated, with the loss of 11,000 men.

1388. In Gilsland, on Lord Dacre's demesne, 200 decrepit persons, women and children, shut up in houses, and burnt by the Scots.

1461. Carlisle unsuccessfully besieged, and the suburbs burnt, by an army of Scots in the interest of Henry VI.

1523. Cumberland plundered, and 300 prisoners carried into Scotland by Lord Maxwell.

1537. Carlisle besieged by Nicholas Musgrave in rebellion against Henry VIII. but he was repulsed by the artizans, and shortly afterwards defeated by the Duke of Norfolk, when 74 of his officers were hanged on the walls of Carlisle, but Musgrave escaped.

1569. At Naworth, December, the insurgent Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland disbanded their forces.

1570. From Naworth castle, Leonard Dacre, claiming the baronies of Gilsland and Greystock, sallying out to attack Lord Hunsdon, was defeated and compelled to fly to Scotland.

1596. William Armstrong, a noted borderer, celebrated in ballads by the name of 'Kinmont Willie,' having been taken prisoner on a day of truce and carried to Carlisle, his release was demanded without effect, on which Sir William Scott, Lord of Buccleugh, came with a party of 200 horse before break of day, made a breach in the castle, and carried off the prisoner before the garrison was prepared for defence.

1644. In Carlisle castle the Marquis of Montrose unsuccessfully besieged by the Earl of Callendar. Near Great Salkeld, in September, Sir Philip Musgrave and Sir Henry Fletcher defeated by General Leslie and the Scots.

1645. Feb. Scaleby castle taken by --. October, on Carlisle Sands, Lord Digby, and Sir Marmaduke Langdale, defeated and forced to fly to the Isle of Man, by Parliamentarians under Sir John Brown, Governor of Carlisle.

1648. April 28, Carlisle surprized by the Royalists under Sir Thomas Glenham and Sir Philip Musgrave. - June 15, Penrith taken by the Parliamentarians under General Lambert, and detachments from his army about the same time took Greystock, Rose, and Scaleby castles, and defeated a body of royalists at Warwick-bridge. - Cockermouth castle, under Lieutenant Bird, was besieged by the Royalists, from August to September 29, when the siege was raised by a detachment of Parliamentarians from Lancashire, under Colonel Ashton. - October 1, Carlisle surrendered by its Royalist Governor Sir William Levington, to Oliver Cromwell.

1715. Brampton and Penrith entered in November, and James III. proclaimed by the friends of the Stuarts under General Foster.

1745. Near Longton, Nov. 8, advanced guard of Prince Charles Stuart's army entered Cumberland. Nov. 11, army at Brampton. Commenced the siege of Carlisle on the 13th, and the garrison under Colonel Durand surrendered on the 15th, when James was proclaimed King, and his son Regent, by the Corporation in their robes. On the 21st the van of the army marched into Penrith, which Charles with the main body entered on the following day. On their retreat from Derby the army entered Penrith Dec. 17. Retreated from Carlisle into Scotland Dec. 20, and the city was invested by the Duke of Cumberland on the 21st, and surrendered to him at discretion Dec. 30th.

1778. Whitehaven unsuccessfully attempted by the Pirate Paul Jones.