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placename:-
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Cumberland
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county:-
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Cumbria
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county, old
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Cumberland -- Cumbria /
-- Old roadsign:-
-- 'CUMBERLAND'
-- Now used as a house name in Orton.
-- 21.4.2006
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source:- |
Martineau 1855
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Guide book, A Complete Guide to the English Lakes, by
Harriet Martineau, published by John Garnett, Windermere,
Westmorland, and by Whittaker and Co, London, 1855;
published 1855-71. |
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Page 165:-
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... There are two cairns on two summits [of Helvellyn], not
far apart, ... These Men, (as such piles of stones
are called) mark the
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Page 166:-
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dividing line between Cumberland and Westmorland. ...
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date:-
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1855
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period:-
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19th century, late; 1850s
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descriptive text:- |
Ford 1839 (3rd edn 1843)
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Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by William
Ford, published by Charles Thurnham, London, et al, 1839;
published 1839-52. |
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THE Lake district extends over a portion of the three
counties of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, being
bounded on the south and west by the sea, which combines
beautifully from many elevated points with the inland
scenery, and occupying an area of about thirty miles in
diameter. It consists of large masses or clusters of
mountains, generally terminating in one aspiring and
pre-eminent point, with the intermediate valleys occupied
either by lakes and their subsidiary tarns, or by winding
rivers.
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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date:-
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1839
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period:-
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19th century, early; 1830s
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old map:- |
Cobbett 1832
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Maps, Westmoreland and Cumberland, by William Cobbett, 11
Bolt Court, Fleet street, London, 1832. |
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CUMBERLAND
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in a plain cartouche; the county shape is badly
distorted
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placename:-
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CUMBERLAND
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county:-
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Cumberland
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date:-
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1832
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period:-
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19th century, early; 1830s
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descriptive text:- |
Otley 1823 (5th edn 1834)
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Guidebook, Concise Description of the English Lakes,
later A Description of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley,
published by the author, Keswick, Cumberland, by J
Richardson, London, and by Arthur Foster, Kirky Lonsdale,
Cumbria, 1823 onwards. |
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goto source.
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Page 1:-
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENGLISH LAKES AND ADJACENT MOUNTAINS.
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THE LAKES.
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THE Mountainous District, in which the English Lakes are
situated, extends into three Counties, Cumberland,
Westmorland, and Lancashire, which form their junction at a
point upon the mountain Wrynose, near the road side.
Lancashire is separated from Cumberland by the river Duddon;
from Westmorland by the stream running through Little
Langdale, and by Elterwater and Windermere, until south of
Storrs Hall; after which the river Winster forms the
boundary till it enters the sands near Medup; and the latter
county is parted from Cumberland by the mountain ridge
leading over Bowfell to Dunmail Raise, from thence over the
top of Helvellyn, and through Glencoin
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Page 2:-
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to Ullswater, and by the river Eamont till it enters the
Eden. Windermere Lake is said to belong to Westmorland, at
least its islands are claimed by that county; although the
whole of its western and part of its eastern shores belong
to Lancashire. Coniston and Esthwaite Lakes, with Blelham
and the tarns of Coniston, are wholly in Lancashire.
Grasmere, Rydal, and Hawes Water, with several tarns, lie in
Westmorland. The head of Ullswater is in Westmorland, but
below Glencoin it constitutes the boundary between that and
Cumberland. Derwent, Bassenthwaite, Buttermere, Ennerdale,
and Wastwater, are in Cumberland.
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goto source.
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... Near the road on Wrynose are the three shire stones of
Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire. ... crossing the
head of the Duddon at Cockley-beck, we enter into
Cumberland. ...
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A clear statement that there are three separate
stones.
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goto source.
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Page 110:-
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... Dunmail Raise ... At the highest part of the road, a
wall separates the counties of Westmorland and Cumberland;
...
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goto source.
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Page 149:-
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THE GEOLOGY OF THE LAKE DISTRICT.
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AT the time this essay was first published, the structure of
the mountainous district of Cumberland, Westmorland, and
Lancashire, was but little understood; scientific travellers
had contented themselves with procuring specimens of the
different rocks, without taking time to become acquainted
with their relative position. Since then, the subject has
received more attention from persons conversant with
geological inquiries; especially from the distinguished
Professor Sedgwick. ...
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person:-
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geologist
: Sedgwick, Adam
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date:-
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1823
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period:-
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19th century, early; 1820s
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old map:- |
Perrot 1823
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Map, Cumberland, Westmoreland, scale about 38 miles to 1
inch, by Aristide Michel Perrot, engraved by Migneret, 1823,
published by Etienne Ledoux, 9 Rue Guenegaud, Paris, France,
1824; published 1824-48. |
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CUMBERLAND
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county, includes Lancashire north of the sands
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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date:-
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1823
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period:-
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19th century, early; 1820s
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old map:- |
Hall 1820 (Cmd)
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Map, Westmoreland ie Westmorland, now Cumbria, scale
about 14.5 miles to 1 inch, by Sidney Hall, London, 1820,
published by Samuel Leigh, 18 Strand, London,
1820-31. |
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Cumberland
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in title cartouche; county
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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county:-
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Cumberland
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date:-
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1820
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period:-
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19th century, early; 1820s
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old map:- |
Cooke 1802
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Maps, Westmoreland, Cumberland, etc, now Cumbria, by
George Alexander Cooke, London, 1802-10; published
1802-24. |
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CUMBERLAND
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map title
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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county:-
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Cumberland
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date:-
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1802
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period:-
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19th century, early; 1800s
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old text:- |
Camden 1789 (Gough
Additions)
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part quoting John Leland
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Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the
Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by
William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition
by Richard Gough, published London, 1789. |
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Page 179:-
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THE county of Cumberland is in length from the Peel of
Fouldry on the south to the north near Langford above 70
miles, and in breadth from Allenby on the west to Newbiggin
bridge on the east 30 miles and upwards, 230 in
circumference, contains about 1,040,000 acres, about 20,000
houses, and near 100,000 inhabitants. It is divided (as
Westmorland, and for the same reason), into five wards, in
which are eight market and two borough towns, and 58
parishes.
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"The length of Cumberland by the shore is from a water
called Dudden, the which devideth Furnesland from Cumbreland
onto a lytle water or mere called Polt Rosse, the which
devideth the county of Northumberland on the east side from
Cumbreland. The bredeth of Cumbreland is from a water called
Emot that divideth on the south side the one part Cumbreland
from Westmorland until he enter into the river of Edon two
miles from Pereth by east, and so on the east side of Edon
unto a broke called... the which divideth likewise
Cumbreland from Westmerland unto the ryver of Eske in the
north side, the which divideth Cumbreland from the batable
ground until it come to the arm of the se which divideth
England from Scotland."
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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other name:-
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Cumbreland
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date:-
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1789
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period:-
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18th century, late; 1780s
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old text:- |
Camden 1789 (Gough
Additions)
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Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the
Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by
William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition
by Richard Gough, published London, 1789. |
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Page 209:-
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An Account of the Division of Cumberland by William the
Conqueror amongst his Followers; taken out of two antient
Latin Manuscripts in the Library of the Dean and Chapter of
Carlisle; carefully collated by the Rev. Dr. Hugh Todd (who
communicated it to Bishop Gibson.)
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KING William, sirnamed the Bastard, duke of Normandy,
Conqueror of England, gave all the lands of the county of
Cumberland to Ranulphus de Meschines: and to Galfridus,
brother to the said Ranulph, he gave the whole county of
Chestre: and to William another brother he gave all the land
of Coupland between Duden and Darwent.
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Ranulphus de Meschines infeoffed Hubertus de Waux in the
barony of Gillesland; and Ranulphus his brother in Sowerby,
Carlaton, and Hubbrightby. And Robert the third brother in
the barony of Dalston. He infoeffed also Robert Destrivers
in the barony of Burgh, and Richerus de Boyvile in the
barony of Levington, and Odardus de Logis in the barony of
Staynton. He infeoffed also Waldevus, son of Gospatricus
earl of Dunbar in Scotland, in all the barony of Allerdale
between Wathenpole and Darwent.
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The aforesaid William de Meschines lord of Coupland,
infeoffed Waldevus, son of Gospatricus, in all the land that
lies between Cocar and Darwent, and also in these townships
Brigham, Eglysfeld, Dene, Brainthwaite, and Grisothen: and
the two Cliftons and Staneburne. He infeoffed also Odardus
le Clerk in the fourth part of Crostwaite, pro custodia
asturcorum suorum, i.e. for keeping his goshawkes.
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Galfridus de Meschines earl of Chester, died without issue;
and thereupon Ranulphus de Meschines became earl of Chestre;
and surrendered to the king all the county of Cumberland, on
this condition, that all those that held lands of him in fee
should hold of the king in capite.
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It is called Distributio Cumbriae ad Conquestum Angliae
inter gentes. Sir William Dugdale calls it Chronicon
Cumbriae; and so the lord William Howard has styled it one
of the MSS. but it is a mistake; for that piece of
antiquity, if it be extant, was of another nature, and
written by Everardus abbot of Holme Cultram t. Hen. II. It
was said to be in the library of sir Thomas Gower, bart. but
upon search it could not be found. G. Everardus was the
first abbot of Holm Cultram 1175, and died 1192, having
written the lives of several northern saints. Dempster,
v.479. Tanner, Bib. Brit. 271.
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The foresaid Waldevus, son of earl Gospatricus, infeoffed
Odardus de Logis in the barony of Wygton, Dondryt, Waverton,
Blancogo, and Kirkbride: which Odardus de Logis founded the
church of Wygton; and gave to Odardus, son of Liolfe,
Tulentyre and Castlerige, with the forest between Caltre and
Greta: and to the prior and convent of Gisburne he gave
Appleton and Bricekirk, with the advowson of the church
there. He gave also to Adam son of Liolfe, Uldendale and
Gilcruce: and to Gemellus son of Brun, Bothill; and to
Waldevus son of Gileminius, with Ethreda his sister, he gave
Brogham, Ribton and Little Brogham, and Donwaldese and
Bowaldese ad unam legiam, for a lodge or house for a ranger.
He gave also to Ormus son of Ketellus Seton, Camberton,
Flemingbi, Craiksothen, in marriage with Gurwelda his
sister: and to Dolfinus son of Abwaldus with Matilda another
sister he gave Appletwhaite and Little Crosby, Langrige and
Brigham, with the advowson of the church there. He gave also
to Melbeth his physician the town of Bromefeld; saving to
himself the advowson of the church there.
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Alanus, son and heir of the said Waldevus, gave to Ranulphus
Lyndsey Blenerhasset and Ukmanby, with Ethereda his sister.
To Uthrdeus, son of Fergus lord of Galloway, in marriage
with Gurnelda his own sister, he gave Torpenhow, with the
advowson of the church there. He gave also to Catellus de
Spenser Threpeland, He gave also to Herbert the manor of
Thuresby, for the third part of a township. He gave also to
Gospatricus, son of Ormus, High Ireby, for the third part of
a township. He gave also to Gamellus le Brun Rughtwaite, for
a third part of a township. He gave also to Radulphus
Engaine Issael with the appurtenances; and Blencrake with
the service of Newton. And the same Alanus had one bastard
brother named Gospatricus, to whom he gave Boulton,
Bastinthwaite and Esterholme. And to Odardus he gave Newton,
with the appurtenances. And to his three huntsmen Sleth and
to his companions Hayton. To Uctredus he gave one carrucat
of land in Aspatrike, on condition that he should be his
summoner (summonitor) in Allerdale. He gave also to Delfinus
six bovates or oxgangs of land in High Crosby, that he
should be serviens d. regis, the king's serjeant in
Allerdale. And to Simon de Shestelyngs he gave one moiety of
Deram. And to Dilfinus, son of Gospatricus, the other
mooiety. He gave also to Waldevus, son of Dolfinus,
Brakanthwaite. And to the priory of St. Bega he gave
Stainburne. And to the priory of Carliol he gave the body of
Walddevus his son, with the holy cross, which they have yet
in possession; and Crosby, with the advowson of the church
there, with the service that Uctredus owed him; and also the
advowson of the church of Aspatrike, with the service of
Alanus de Brayton. He gave them also the advowson of the
church of Ireby, with the suit and service of Waldevus de
Langthwaite.
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The same Alanus, son of Waldevus, gave to king Henry the
fields of the forest of Allerdale, with liberty to hunt
whenever he should lodge at Holme Cultrane. To this Alanus
succeeded William, son
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Page 210:-
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of Duncane earl of Murrayse, nephew and heir to the said
Alanus as being son to Ethreda sister to his father
Waldevus.
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The foresaid William, son of Duncanus, espoused Alicia,
daughter of Robert de Rumeney, lord of Skipton in Craven;
which Robert had married a daughter of Meschines lord of
Coupland. This William had by this Alicia his wife, a son
called Willliam de Egremond (who died under age), and three
daughters. The eldest named Cicilia, being a ward, was
married by king Henry to William le Gross earl of Albemarle,
with the honour of Skipton for her dower. The second, named
Amabilla, was married to Reginald de Luce, with the honour
of Egremond by the same king Henry. And the third, named
Alicia de Romelic, was married to Gilbert Pipard, with
Aspatrike, and the barony of Allerdaleand the liberty of
Cokermouth, by the said king Henry: and afterwards by the
queen to Robert de Courteny; but she died without heirs of
her body.
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William le Gross earl of Albemarle, had by his wife Cicilia,
Harwisia; to whom succeeded William de Fortibus earle of
Albemarle: to whom succeeded another William de Fortibus; to
whom succeeded Avelina, who was espoused to lord Edmond
brother to king Edward, and died without heirs, &c.
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Reginald de Luce by Amabilla his wife had Alicia. To
Amabilla succeeded Lambert de Multon: To him succeeded
Thomas Multon de Egremond. And to Alicia succeeded Thomas de
Luce, to whom succeeded Thomas his son, who was succeeded by
Anthony his brother.
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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person:-
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: William the Conqueror
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person:-
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: Todd, Hugh
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person:-
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: Meschines, Ranulphus de
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person:-
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: Meschines, William de
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person:-
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: Dugdale, William, Sir
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person:-
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: Howard, William, Lord
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date:-
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1789
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period:-
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18th century, late; 1780s
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old text:- |
Camden 1789
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Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the
Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by
William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition
by Richard Gough, published London, 1789. |
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Pages 169-210 are Cumberland.
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Page 169:-
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CUMBERLAND.
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BEFORE Westmorland to the west lies Cumberland, the last
county of England this way, being bounded on the north by
Scotland, washed on the south and west by the Irish sea, and
on the east joining to Northumberland above Westmorland. It
takes its name from its inhabitants, who were true and
genuine Britans, and in their own language called themselves
Kumbri and Kambri. History informs us, that the Britans long
resided here during the Saxon tyrany; and Marianus himself
says the same thing, and calls this country Cumbrorum terra;
not to mention the British names continually recurring as
Caer-luel, Caer-dronoc, Pen-rith, Pen-rodoc &c. which
plainly bespeak this, and are the strongest proof of my
assertion.
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The country, though it may seem colder by reason of its
northern situation and rough with mountains, affords an
agreeable variety to travellers. For after the swelling
rocks and thickest mountains pregnant with all kinds of
wild-fowl succeed verdant hills of rich pasturage, covered
with flocks, and below them extensive plains yielding plenty
of corn. Besides all these the sea which beats against the
coast maintains innumerable shoals of excellent fish, and
seems to reproach the inhabitants for their inattention to
fishery.
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...
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Page 177:-
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...
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Having thus in a manner perlustrated the coast and interior
parts of Cumberland, the east part though thin, hungry, and
waste, remains to be visited. It affords only the sources of
South Tine in a swampy soil, and a Roman way eight yards
broad, paved with stones, and called the Maiden way, ...
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...
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Page 177:-
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...
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In the decline of the Roman empire in Britain, though this
country was miserably harrassed by the Scots and Picts, it
long preserved the original Britans for its inhabitants, and
fell late into the power of the Saxons. But when the Saxon
government was subverted by the Danish wars, it had princes
of its own, styled kings of Cumberland, till the year 946,
at which time as Matthew of Westminster informs us, "king
Edmund, assisted by Lewellin king of Demetia, plundered
Cumberland of all its wealth, and having put out the eyes of
the two sons of Dunmail king of that province, gave the
kingdom to Malcolm king of Scotland, to hold of him and to
defend the north parts of England from the invasion of
enemies by sea and land." From that time the eldest sons of
the kings of Scotland were for a long while styled governors
of Cum-
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Page 178:-
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[Cum]berland, both under the Saxons and Danes. But when
England submitted to the Normans, this part of it also came
into their power, and fell to the share of Radulph de
Meschines, whose eldest son Ranulph was lord of Cumberland,
and in right of his mother and by favour of the king earl of
Chester. King Stephen to gratify the Scots restored it to
them to be holden of him and the kings of England. But his
successor Henry II. finding this liberality of Stephen
likely to prove prejudicial to himself and kingdom, demanded
Northumberland, Cumberland, and Westmorland, of the Scots.
"The Scottish king, as Neubrigensis relates, wisely
considering that the king of England had the advantage in
this demand both by strength of arms and justice of claim,
though he might have alledged the oath which he was said to
have taken to his grandfather David when he received
knighthood from him, honestly restored the borders aforesaid
upon demand, and in return received from him the county of
Huntingdon, to which he had an antient right."
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Before the time of Henry VIII. there were no earls of
Cumberland. He created Henry Clifford, descended from the
lords Vipont, first earl of Cumberland, who by Margaret
daughter of Henry Percy earl of Northumberland, had Henry 2d
earl, who by his first wife daughter of Charles Brandon duke
of Suffolk, had Margaret countess of Derby, by his 2d wife
daughter of lord Dacre of Gillesland, two sons George and
Francis. George, the 3d earl, distinguished himself in the
sea-service, indefatigable and brave, and died 1605, leaving
an only daughter Anne. He was succeeded by his brother
Francis 4th earl, who discovers an ambition to equal the
virtues of such ancestors.
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This county contains 58 parish churches besides chapels.
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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other name:-
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Cumbrorum Terra
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person:-
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: Kumbri; Kambri
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person:-
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: Scots
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person:-
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: Picts
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person:-
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: Danes
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person:-
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: Saxons
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person:-
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: Edmund, King of Northumberland
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person:-
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: Lewellin, King of Demetia
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person:-
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: Dunmail, King of Cumberland
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person:-
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: Malcolm, King of Scots
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person:-
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: Normans
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person:-
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: Meschines, Ranulph de; Chester, Earl of
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person:-
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: Stephen
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person:-
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: Henry II
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person:-
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: Henry VIII
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person:-
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: Clifford, Henry; Cumberland, Earl of
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person:-
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: Clifford, George; Cumberland, Earl of
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person:-
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: Pembroke, Anne, Lady
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date:-
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1789
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period:-
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18th century, late; 1780s
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old text:- |
Clarke 1787
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Guide book, A Survey of the Lakes of Cumberland,
Westmorland, and Lancashire, by James Clarke, Penrith,
Cumberland, and in London etc, 1787 and 1789; and Plans of
the Lakes ... 1793. |
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Page 119:-
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...
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Cumberland hath been rent and torn by its restless
inhabitants or envious neighbours; yet hath, since the time
of William and Mary, been as loyal subjects to the crown of
Great Britain as any county in England; and who
distinguished themselves more than its inhabitants in the
year 1745? for the natives, though undisciplined as they
were, rose in great numbers, harassed the enemy, and took
many prisoners. And when the Duke of Cumberland's army came,
and were much fatigued with long and hasty marches, having
scarcely time allowed to take their victuals, the gentlemen
and farmers went to the roads where the soldiers passed,
with beef, bread, butter, cheese, ale, &c. and gave them
as much as they wanted; walking along with them and bearing
their arms till they had eaten and quenched their thirst,
for so urgent was their haste that they were not allowed to
stop.
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The Duke was so well pleased with their loyalty and
behaviour, that he procured them a settled rate to the
land-tax; so that they do not pay a pound rate after the
manner of other counties, but raise a sum by what they call
purvey; a favour little enough, considering what they
suffered, and the expence they were at in assisting the
King's troops, and is not much less than what some counties
pay by the book of rates.
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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person:-
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: Cumberland, Duke of
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date:-
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1787
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period:-
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18th century, late; 1780s
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old map:- |
Clarke 1787 map (Ambleside to
Keswick)
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Map series, lakes and roads to the Lakes, by James
Clarke, engraved by S J Neele, 352 Strand, London, included
in A Survey of the Lakes of Cumberland, Westmorland and
Lancashire, published by James Clarke, Penrith, and in
London etc, from 1787 to 1793. |
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CUMBERLAND
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The county boundary is drawn at Dunmail Raise.
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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county
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date:-
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1787
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period:-
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18th century, late; 1780s
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old map:- |
Clarke 1787 map (Ullswater)
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Map series, lakes and roads to the Lakes, by James
Clarke, engraved by S J Neele, 352 Strand, London, included
in A Survey of the Lakes of Cumberland, Westmorland and
Lancashire, published by James Clarke, Penrith, and in
London etc, from 1787 to 1793. |
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Glencoyn Beck divides the Countys
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CUMBERLAND
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The county name is engraved at the top of the map, and
along the lake margin.
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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county
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date:-
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1787
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period:-
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18th century, late; 1780s
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old map:- |
Crosthwaite 1783-94 (Ull)
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Series of maps, An Accurate Map of the Matchless Lake of
Derwent, of the Grand Lake of Windermere, of the Beautiful
Lake of Ullswater, of Broadwater or Bassenthwaite Lake, of
Coniston Lake, of Buttermere, Crummock and Loweswater Lakes,
and Pocklington's Island, by Peter Crosthwaite, Kendal,
Cumberland now Cumbria, 1783 to 1794. |
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Cumberland
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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county
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date:-
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1783=1794
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period:-
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18th century, late; 1780s; 1790s
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descriptive text:- |
Simpson 1746
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The three volumes of maps and descriptive text published
as 'The Agreeable Historian, or the Compleat English
Traveller ...', by Samuel Simpson, 1746. |
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IN the Time of the Romans Cumberland was Part of the large
Country inhabited by the Brigantes, containing besides this
County, Yorkshire, Durham, Lancashire, and Westmoreland.
During the Time of the Saxon Heptarchy, it made Part of the
Kingdom of Northumberland.
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When it was in the Power of the Romans, it was much
frequented by their Legions and Soldiers, not only to keep
the Inhabitants in Order, but bordering upon their
troublesome Neighbours, the Picts and Scots, they were
forced continually to guard it against their Invasions; but
when the Distractions of the Roman Empire caused the Legions
of Britain to be call'd Home, the Scots and Picts, sensible
that all Opposition was near remov'd, soon brake thro' the
strong Wall, built by the Emperors Adrian and Severus,
extending from Sea to Sea about 82 Miles in Length, tho' it
had been not long before rebuilt, and made stronger, and now
miserably harrass'd the Britons, destitute of their wonted
Guard; in which almost continual Conflicts they lived, 'till
the Saxons brought them, with the rest of the Kingdom, into
a Subjection to them, dividing it into seven Parts, or
Principalities. In this Settlement, Cumberland became a Part
of the Kingdom of Northumberland, and was then called
Cumberland.
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This County, which is 168 Miles in Circumference, is bounded
by Scotland on the N. by the Irish Sea on the W. and S. and
on the E. by Part of Lancashire, Westmoreland, Yorkshire,
Durham, and Northumberland.
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It lies partly in the Dioceses of Chester and Carlisle,
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and contains about 1,040,000 Acres, and 14,825 Houses. It is
not divided into Hundreds, as most other Counties are, but
Wards, of which there are five, viz. South-Ward, North-Ward,
West-Ward, Leath-Ward, and Eskdale-Ward, wherein are 58
Parishes, containing one City, one Borough, and 12 other
Market Towns; and sends six Members to Parliament, two for
the County, two for the City of Carlisle, and two for the
Borough of Cockermouth.
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The Air is cold and sharp, tho' not so much as might be
expected from its Northern Situation, being shelter'd by
Hills on the Side next Scotland. The Soil is for the most
Part fruitful of Corn and Grass, the Plains affording good
Plenty of the one, and the rich Mountains of the other,
which are therefore always stocked with great Store of
Sheep. The County affords pleasant Prospects, which would be
still more agreeable, if Trees could be brought to thrive
better than they generally do. The chief Commodities are
Coal, Lead, Copper, Lapis Calaminaris, Black Lead, (call'd
by the Inhabitants Wadd,) Fish, especially Salmon, Wild
Fowl, Pearls, &c. ...
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...
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...
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This County has given the Title of Earl, or Duke, to the
following Persons, since the Conquest:
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Ranulph, or Ralph de Meschines, was the first Lord of
Cumberland, by the Conqueror's Donation, and his Son
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Ranulph succeeded him in that Dignity and Power; but being
Heir by his Mother to the Earldom of Chester, he removed
thither, and resigned the Lordship of Cumberland into the
King's Hands, which King Stephen gave to Malcolm, King of
Scots, to hold of him, on Condition that he should protect
the N. Parts of England by Sea and Land, against the
Incursions of all Enemies. From which Time
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The eldest Sons of the Kings of Scotland were stiled Lord of
Cumberland: But King Henry II. considering how great a
Prejudice this Grant was to the Kingdom, resum'd it, and
gave him the Earldom of Huntingdon: And so this Honour
remain'd in the Crown 'till King Henry VIII. created
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Henry Clifford, descended from the Lord Vipont, or de Vetere
Ponte, Earl of Cumberland, in which Family
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it continu'd 'till the Year 1643, when Henry Lord Clifford,
the then Earl of Cumberland, died at York, leaving only a
Daughter, and the Times being disturbed, the Honour ceas'd
for a Time, 'till King Charles I. was pleased to create his
Nephew.
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Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine, second Son of
Frederick, Prince Elector Palatine, and the Princess
Elizabeth, his Wife, Duke of Cumberland, and Earl of
Holderness. He died unmarried in the Year 1682, and seven
Years after
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Prince George of Denmark, then Consort to the Princess
(afterwards Queen) Anne, was created Duke of Cumberland,
Earl of Kendal, and Baron of Ockingham. The present Duke of
Cumberland is,
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His Royal Highness Prince William, second Son of his
Majesty, King George II.
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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person:-
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: Meschines, Ranulph de
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person:-
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: Malcolm, King of Scotland
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person:-
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: Clifford, Henry
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person:-
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: Saxons
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date:-
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1746
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period:-
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18th century, early; 1740s
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old map:- |
Badeslade 1742
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A Map of Westmorland North from London, scale about 10
miles to 1 inch, and descriptive text, Cumberland similarly,
by Thomas Badeslade, London, engraved and published by
William Henry Toms, Union Court, Holborn, London,
1742. |
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Cumberland sends 6 Membrs. to Parliament, containing one
City, one Borough, 13 Market Towns, & 58 Parish
Churches, besides Chapels.
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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date:-
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1742
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period:-
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18th century, early; 1740s
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old map:- |
Badeslade 1742
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A Map of Westmorland North from London, scale about 10
miles to 1 inch, and descriptive text, Cumberland similarly,
by Thomas Badeslade, London, engraved and published by
William Henry Toms, Union Court, Holborn, London,
1742. |
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Cumberland
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county
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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county:-
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Cumberland
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date:-
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1742
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period:-
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18th century, early
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descriptive text:- |
Defoe 1724-26
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Travel book, Tour through England and Wales, by Daniel
Defoe, published in parts, London, 1724-26. |
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They have innumerable marks of antiquity in this county
[Cumberland], as well as in that of Westmoreland, mentioned
before; and if it was not, as I said before, that antiquity
is not my search in this work [Tour of England and Wales],
yet the number of altars, monuments, and inscriptions, is
such, that it would take up a larger work than this to copy
them, and record them by themselves; ...
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date:-
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1724=1726
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period:-
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18th century, early; 1720s
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descriptive text:- |
Bowen 1720 (plate 259)
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Road book, Britannia Depicta Or Ogilby Improv'd,
including road strip maps with sections in Westmorland,
scale about 2 miles to 1 inch, derived from maps by Ogilby,
1675, and a county map of Westmorland, scale about 8 miles
to 1 inch, with text by John Owen, published by Emanuel
Bowen, London, 1720; published 1720-64. |
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The Divisions 1 Cumberland 2 North Allerdale 3 South
Allerdale 4 Leath Ward 5 Eskdale Ward
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The County of CUMBERLAND is 168 Miles in Circumference
contains abt. 1040000 Acres, divided in to 5 Wards, in wch.
are 4 Mt. & 2 Boro. Towns, 58 Pars. & abt. 14825
Houses. The Air in this County is sharp & Cold, & a
better freind to Health yn Fruit Trees, ye Soil tolerably
fruitfull ye Hills for feeding & ye Valleys for Corn. It
yields plenty of Fish, Flesh, Corn & Fowl with abundance
of large Salmon. It has several Mines of Coal, Lead, Copper,
Silver, & Lapis Calaminaris, & on ye Shore some
Pearls are found among ye Muscles. In this County have been
found many Roman Antiquities. This County pays in ye [Q|2]
Shitt: Aid L1856:19:1.
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date:-
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1720
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period:-
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18th century, early; 1720s
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descriptive text:- |
Fiennes 1698
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Travel book, manuscript record of Journeys through
England including parts of the Lake District, by Celia
Fiennes, 1698. |
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... hereabout [Pooley Bridge?] we leave those desart and
barren rocky hills, not that they are limitted to
Westmorland only, for had I gone farther to the left hand on
into Cumberland I should have found more such and they tell
me farr worse for height and stony-nesse about White haven
side and Cockermouth, so that tho' both the County's have
very good land and fruitfull, so they equally partake of the
bad, tho' indeed Westmorland takes its name from its
abounding in moorish ground yet Cumberland has its share,
and more of the hilly stony part; indeed I did observe those
grounds were usually neighbours to each other, the rocks
abounding in springs which distilling it self on lower
ground if of a spungy soile made it marshy or lakes, and in
many places very fruitfull in summer graine and grasse, but
the northerly winds blow cold so long on them that they
never attempt sowing their and with wheate or rhye.
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date:-
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1698
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period:-
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17th century, late
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period:-
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1690s
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old map:- |
Morden 1695 (EW)
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Maps, Westmorland, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, and
Cumberland, scale about 3 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden,
1695. |
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CUMBERLAND
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county
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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date:-
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1695
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period:-
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17th century, late; 1690s
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old map:- |
Seller 1694 (Cmd)
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Map, Westmorland, now Cumbria, scale about 8 miles to 1
inch, by John Seller, 1694; editions to 1787. |
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Cumberland
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title in cartouche; county
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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county:-
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Cumberland
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date:-
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1694
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period:-
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17th century, late; 1690s
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old map:- |
Sanson 1679
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Map, Ancien Royaume de Northumberland aujourdhuy
Provinces de Nort, ie the Ancient Kingdom of Northumberland
or the Northern Provinces, scale about miles to 1 inch, by
Nicholas Sanson, Paris, France, 1679. |
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CUMBERLAND
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county; included in the 'Royaume de Northumberland'
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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county:-
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Cumberland
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date:-
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1679
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period:-
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17th century, late; 1670s
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old map:- |
Jenner 1643
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Table of distances and map, Cumberland,
now Cumbria, scale about 21 miles to 1 inch, by Thomas
Jenner, London, 1643. |
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Cumberland
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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date:-
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1643
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period:-
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17th century, early; 1640s
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table of distances:- |
Simons 1635
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Table of distances and map of Westmorland, engraved by
Jacob van Langeren, published by Mathew Simons, London,
1635-36. |
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Cu~berland
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in title cartouche; adjacent counties given on thumbnail
map
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The sea West / Scotlande North / Northu~berland & Duresme
East / Westmorla~d & Lancashire S.
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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date:-
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1635
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period:-
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17th century, early; 1630s
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poem:- |
Drayton 1612/1622 text
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Poem, Polyolbion, by Michael Drayton, published 1612,
part 2 with Cumbria published by John Marriott, John
Grismand, and Thomas Dewe, London, 1622. |
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Preceding this page is the map for Westmorland and
Cumberland.
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page 161; Westmorland and Cumberland:-
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The thirtieth Song.
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THE ARGUMENT.
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page 167:-
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page 168:-
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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date:-
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1612; 1622
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period:-
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17th century, early; 1610s; 1620s
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old map:- |
Speed 1611 (Cum/EW)
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Maps, The Countie Westmorland and Kendale the Cheif
Towne, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, and Cumberland and
the Ancient Citie Carlile, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by
John Speed, London, 1611; published 1611-1770. |
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CUMBERLANDSHIRE
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county
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placename:-
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Cumberlandshire
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date:-
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1611
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period:-
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17th century, early; 1610s
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source:- |
Keer 1605
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Map, Westmorlandia et Comberlandia, ie Westmorland and
Cumberland now Cumbria, scale about 16 miles to 1 inch,
probably by Pieter van den Keere, or Peter Keer, about 1605;
published about 1605 to 1676. |
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Comberland
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county
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placename:-
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Comberland
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county:-
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Cumberland
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descriptive text:- |
Keer 1605 (edn 1620)
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Map, Westmorlandia et Comberlandia, ie Westmorland and
Cumberland now Cumbria, scale about 16 miles to 1 inch,
probably by Pieter van den Keere, or Peter Keer, about 1605;
published about 1605 to 1676. |
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first page:-
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CUMBERLAND.
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CHAPTER XLI.
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CUMBERLAND, the furthest North-west Province in this Realme
of England, confronteth upon the South of Scotland, and is
divided from that Kingdome partly by the River Kirsop, then
crossing Eske, by a tract thorow Solome-Mosse, until it come
to the Solway Frith, by Ptolemie called the Ituna Baye. The
North-west part is neighboured by Northumberland, more
East-ward with Westmerland, the South with Lancashire, and
the West is wholly washed with the Irish Seas.
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(2) The forme whereof is long and narrow, pointing
wedge-like into the South, which part it is altogether
pestred with copped-hilles, and therefore hath the name of
Copland. The middle is more levell, and better inhabited,
yeelding sufficient for the sustenance of man: but the North
is wilde and solitary, combred with hilles, as Copland is.
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(3) The ayre is piercing, and of a sharpe temperature, and
would be more biting, were it not that those high hilles
breake off the Northerne stormes, and cold falling snowes.
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(4) Notwithstanding, rich is this Province, and with great
varieties thereof is replenished: the hilles, though rough,
yet smile upon their beholders, spread with sheepe and
cattle, the vallies stored with grasse and corne sufficient:
the Sea affordeth great store of fish, the land over-spread
with varietie of fowles, ...
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second page:-
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...
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(5) The ancient Inhabitants knowne to the Romanes, were the
Brigantes, whom Ptolemie disperseth into Westmorland,
Richmond, Durham, York-shire, and Lancashire. But when the
Saxons had over borne the Britaines, and forced them out of
the best, to seeke their resting among the vast Mountaines,
these by them were entred into, where they held play with
those enemies maugre their force, and from them, as Marianus
doth witnesse, the land was called Cumber, of those Kumbri
the Britaines. But when the State of the Saxons was fore
shaken, by the Danes, this Cumberland was accounted a
Kingdome itselfe; for so the Flower-gatherer of Westminster
recordeth; King Edmund (saith he) with the helpe of Leoline
Prince of South-Wales, wasted all Cumberland, and having put
out the eyes of the two sonnes of Dunmail King of that
Province, granted that Kingdome unto Malcolm King of Scots,
whereof their eldest sonnes became Prefects. This Province,
King Stephen, to purchase favour with the Scots, what time
he stood in most need of ayd, confirmed by gift under their
Crowne; which Henry the second notwithstanding, made claime
unto and got, as Newbrigensis writeth, and laid it againe in
the Marches of England: since when, many bickerings betwixt
these Nations herein have hapned, ...
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third page:-
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...
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(7) The chiefest Citie in this Shire is Carlile, ...
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...
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(10) This County, as it stood in the fronts of assaults, so
was it strengthned with twentie-five Castles, and preserved
with the prayers (as then was thought) of the Votaries in
the houses erected at Carlile, Lenecost, Wetherall, Holme,
Daker, and Saint Bees. These with others were dissolved by
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fourth page:-
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King Henry the eight, and their revenues shadowed under his
Crowne: but the Province being freed from charge of
subsidie, is not therefore divided into Huundreds in the
Parliament Rowles, whence we have taken the divisions of the
rest: onely this is observed, that therein are seated nine
Maraket-Townes, fiftie eight Parish-Churches, besides many
other Chappels of ease.
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person:-
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: Brigantes
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date:-
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1620
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period:-
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17th century, early; 1620s
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source:- |
Lloyd 1573
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Map, Angliae Regni, Kingdom of England, with Wales, scale
about 24 miles to 1 inch, authored by Humphrey Lloyd,
Denbigh, Clwyd, drawn and engraved by Abraham Ortelius,
Netherlands, 1573. |
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COMBERLAND
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placename:-
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Comberland
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date:-
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1573
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period:-
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16th century, late; 1570s
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old map:- |
Saxton 1579
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Cumberlandia
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placename:-
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Cumberlandia
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date:-
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1576
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period:-
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16th century, late; 1570s
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old map:- |
Cooper 1808
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Map, Westmoreland ie Westmorland, scale about 9 miles to
1 inch, by H Cooper, 1808, published by G and W B Whittaker,
13 Ave Maria Lane, London, 1824. |
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CUMBERLAND / in which every Parish & Place is laid down /
containing upwards of 40 Houses. / Cities. ... 1 / Boroughs.
... 1 / Market Towns. ... 10 / Parishes. ... 90 / Inhabited
House. ... 21,573 / Inhabitants. ... 117,230 / Square Acres.
... 970,000 / Cultivated. ... 470,000 / Uncultivated. ...
460,000 / Members of Parliament 6.
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title cartouche, etc
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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county:-
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Cumberland
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date:-
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1808
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period:-
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19th century, early; 1800s
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old map:- |
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Map, hand coloured engraving, wood jigsaw puzzle,
England, scale about 26 miles to 1 inch, by Gall and Inglis,
Bernard Terrace, Edinburgh, and 25 Paternoster Square,
London, cut by E J Peacock, King's Cross, London, 1850s?
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printed on box lid:-
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A / DISSECTED / MAP / OF / ENGLAND / Manufactured by E. J.
PEACOCK, 10 Upper [W house] Street, King's Cross.
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printed on jigsaw
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CUMBERLAND
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placename:-
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Cumberland
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date:-
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1850=1859
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period:-
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19th century, late
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Old Cumbria Gazetteer - JandMN: 2013
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