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Page 175:-
to the Northward, turns to the West, and passing by
Carlisle, falls into the Solway Frith. The
Derwent runs thro' the Middle of the County, passes by
Cockermouth, and discharges itself into the Irish
Sea near Workington.
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The Wall
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The famous Picts-Wall, of which some Remains still appear
in this County, and which was the Boundary of the Romans
Jurisdiction in this Isle, called in Latin, Vallum
Barbaricum, was erected on this Occasion: The Romans
having conquer'd the most fruitful and pleasant Parts of
Britain, and finding that the more remote they went
towards the N. the more barbarous were the People, who had
nothing desirable in them, contrived, according to their Custom
in other Conquests, to raise Fences, such as might secure and
bound the province. It was made in the Fashion of a mural Hedge,
of large Stakes driven deep into the Ground, and wreathed
together with Wattles, strengthened with huge Heaps of Turf and
Earth, and a deep Ditch, extending from the German to the
Irish Ocean.
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barons
earls
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This County has given the Title of Earl, or Duke, to the
following Persons, since the Conquest:
Ranulph, or Ralph de Meschines, was the first Lord
of Cumberland, by the Conqueror's Donation, and his Son
Ranulph succeeded him in that Dignity and Power; but being
Heir by his Mother to the Earldom of Chester, he removed
thither, and resigned the Lordship of Cumberland into the
King's Hands, which King Stephen gave to Malcolm,
King of Scots, to hold of him, on Condition that he should
protect the N. Parts of England by Sea and Land, against
the Incursions of all Enemies. From which Time
The eldest Sons of the Kings of Scotland were stiled Lord
of Cumberland: But King Henry II. considering how
great a Prejudice this Grant was to the Kingdom, resum'd it, and
gave him the Earldom of Huntingdon: And so this Honour
remain'd in the Crown 'till King Henry VIII. created
Henry Clifford, descended from the Lord Vipont, or
de Vetere Ponte, Earl of Cumberland, in which
Family
it
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gazetteer links
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-- "Cumberland" -- Cumberland
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-- "Derwent, River" -- Derwent, River
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-- "Eden, River" -- Eden, River
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