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Page 174:-
and contains about 1,040,000 Acres, and 14,825 Houses. It is not
divided into Hundreds, as most other Counties are, but Wards, of
which there are five, viz. South-Ward, North-Ward, West-Ward,
Leath-Ward, and Eskdale-Ward, wherein are 58 Parishes,
containing one City, one Borough, and 12 other Market Towns; and
sends six Members to Parliament, two for the County, two for the
City of Carlisle, and two for the Borough of
Cockermouth.
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climate
soil
agriculture
industry
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The Air is cold and sharp, tho' not so much as might be expected
from its Northern Situation, being shelter'd by Hills on the Side
next Scotland. The Soil is for the most Part fruitful of
Corn and Grass, the Plains affording good Plenty of the one, and
the rich Mountains of the other, which are therefore always
stocked with great Store of Sheep. The County affords pleasant
Prospects, which would be still more agreeable, if Trees could be
brought to thrive better than they generally do. The chief
Commodities are Coal, Lead, Copper, Lapis Calaminaris,
Black Lead, (call'd by the Inhabitants Wadd,) Fish,
especially Salmon, Wild Fowl, Pearls, &c. The Black Lead, which
is almost peculiar to this County, is not properly a Metal or
Mineral, but rather an Earth, strongly impregnated with the
Streams of Lead: There is more of it here than suffices for the
Consumption throughout Europe. As to the Pearls, they are
found at the Mouth of the little Brook Irt, somewhat to
the N. of Ravenglass, in a sort of Shell Fish, or Muscles,
which the Country People used to gather up at low Water: They are
of all Colours; those that are not bright and shining, commonly
call'd Sand-Pearl, are as useful in Physick, as the finest, tho'
not so beautiful. There has been a Patent not long since granted
to some Gentlemen and others for Pearl Fishing here, but it is
uncertain whether it will turn to any Account.
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rivers
Eden
Derwent
lakes
Ullswater
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There are many considerable Rivers in this County, and large
Bodies of Water, which the Inhabitants call'd Meres. Of
the Rivers, the Chief are the Eden, and the
Derwent: the Eden takes its Rise from Ulles
Water, and after a Course of about 30 Miles
to
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gazetteer links
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-- "South Ward" -- Allerdale above Derwent Ward
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-- "West Ward" -- Allerdale below Derwent Ward
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-- (black lead mine, Seathwaite)
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-- "North Ward" -- Cumberland Ward
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-- "Cumberland" -- Cumberland
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-- "Eden, River" -- Eden, River
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-- "Eskdale Ward" -- Eskdale Ward
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-- "Picts Wall" -- Hadrian's Wall
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-- "Irt Brook" -- Irt, River
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-- "Leath Ward" -- Leath Ward
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