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Otley 1818/1827 map
placenames


Abbey Flatts (St Bridget Beckermet)
Adgarley, Stainton with (Urswick)
Aira Beck (Matterdale)
Aira Force (Matterdale)
Aldingham
Allonby
Ambleside (Lakes)
Angerton (Broughton West)
Angle Tarn (Borrowdale)
Angle Tarn (Martindale)
Arlecdon (Arlecdon and Frizington)
Armboth (St John's Castlerigg and Wythburn)
Arnside
Askham
Aspatria
Backbarrow (Haverthwaite)
Bampton
Bampton Grange (Bampton)
Bank
Bank Ground (Coniston)
Bank Ground, High (Coniston)
Bank Ground, Low (Coniston)
Bannisdale Beck (Whitwell and Selside etc)
Bardsea (Urswick)
Barf (Above Derwent)
Barfield Tarn (Whicham)
Barrow (Above Derwent)
Barrow
Barrow-in-Furness
Barton
Bassenthwaite
Bassenthwaite Lake (Bassenthwaite etc)
Bay
Beacon Tarn (Blawith and Subberthwaite)
Beckces (Hutton)
Beckermet (St John Beckermet etc)
Beckermont
Beckses
Beetham
Belle Isle (Windermere)
Berrier (Mungrisdale)
Bigland Tarn (Haverthwaite)
Binsey (Bewaldeth and Snittlegarth etc)
Birker
Birker Fell (Eskdale)
Birker Force (Eskdale)
Birkrigg
Birkrigg Common (Aldingham etc)
Black Combe (Whicham)
Blake Fell (Lamplugh)
Blake Holin
Blake Holme Plantation (Cartmel Fell)
Blawith (Blawith and Subberthwaite)
Blea Tarn (Eskdale)
Blea Tarn (Lakes)
Blea Tarn (Borrowdale)
Blea Water (Shap Rural)
Blelham
Blelham Tarn (Hawkshead etc)
Blencathra (Threlkeld)
Blencow (Greystoke)
Bleng, River (Nether Wasdale)
Bleng River
Blindcrake
Blowick (Patterdale)
Blowike
Bolton
Bolton
Bolton Low Houses (Boltons)
Bolton-le-Sands (Lancashire)
Boot (Eskdale)
Bootle
Borrowdale
Borrowdale Graphite Mine (Seathwaite)
Borwick Ground
Borwick Lodge (Hawkshead)
Bothel (Bothel and Threapland)
Bout
Bowder Stone (Borrowdale)
Bow Fell (Eskdale etc)
Bowfell
Bowness
Bowness-on-Windermere (Windermere)
Bowscale Tarn (Mungrisdale)
Bow Scar
Bowscar (Penrith)
Bowston Bridge (Bowston)
Bowther Stone (Borrowdale)
Brae Fell (Caldbeck)
Braefell
Braithwaite (Above Derwent)
Brant Fell (Windermere)
Branthwaite (Dean)
Brathay
Brathay, River (Skelwith etc)
Brathay Hall (Old Brathay)
Brayton (Aspatria)
Bridekirk
Brigham
Broad Oak (Waberthwaite)
Broad Water (Patterdale)
Brothers Water (Patterdale)
Brougham Castle (Brougham)
Brougham church (Brougham)
Brougham Hall (Brougham)
Broughton
Broughton Beck (Osmotherley)
Broughton Chapel
Broughton in Furness (Broughton West)
Broughton Mills (Broughton West)
Burneside (Strickland Ketel etc)
Burnmoor Tarn (Eskdale)
Burton
Burton-in-Kendal
Buttermere
Caer Mot
Caer Mote (Bewaldeth and Snittlegarth)
Caldbeck
Calder, River (Ennerdale and Kinniside etc)
Calder River
Caldew, River (Dalston etc)
Caldew River
Calgarth
Calgarth Hall (Windermere)
Camerton
Cammerton
Canal Head (Kendal)
Cannon Winder (Lower Holker)
Cark (Lower Holker)
Carnforth (Lancashire)
Carrock
Carrock Fell (Caldbeck)
Cartmel (Lower Allithwaite)
Cartmel Fell
Cartmel Wharf (Lower Holker)
Castle Crag (Borrowdale)
Castle Inn (Bassenthwaite)
Castlerigg (St John's Castlerigg and Wythburn)
Cat Bell
Cat Bells (Borrowdale etc)
Catlands
Catlands Hill (Boltons)
Caton (Lancashire)
Causey Pike (Above Derwent)
Chapel Island (Lower Allithwaite)
Chapel Stile (Lakes)
Clappersgate (Lakes)
Clea Hall (Westward)
Cleator (Cleator Moor)
Clifton
Close, High (Lakes)
Cock Bridge (Blennerhasset and Torpenhow)
Cocker, River (Blindbothel etc)
Cockermouth
Cocker River
Cockley Beck (Dunnerdale-with-Seathwaite)
Codale Tarn (Lakes)
Cold Fell (St Bridget Beckermet)
Colton
Colwith (Lakes)
Colwith Force (Lakes etc)
Coniston
Coniston Hall (Coniston)
Coniston Old Man (Coniston)
Coniston Water (Coniston etc)
Corney (Waberthwaite)
Coulton
Countryside and Bird Museum (Dacre)
Crag Fell (Ennerdale and Kinniside)
Crake, River (Lowick etc)
Crake River
Croasdale (Ennerdale and Kinniside)
Crook
Crooklands (Preston Richard etc)
Cross
Cross, High (Coniston etc)
Crosscanonby
Crossdale
Cross-Canonby
Crosthwaite (Crosthwaite and Lyth)
Crosthwaite church (Great Crosthwaite)
Crummock
Crummock Water (Buttermere)
Dacre
Dacre Beck (Dacre)
Dalegarth
Dalegarth Hall (Eskdale)
Dalemain (Dacre)
Dale Park (Satterthwaite)
Dalepark
Dalham Tower
Dallam Tower (Beetham)
Dalton
Dalton-in-Furness (Dalton Town with Newton)
Dash (Ireby)
Dean
Dearham
Deepdale (Patterdale)
Dendran
Dendron (Aldingham)
Dent (Cleator Moor)
Derwent
Derwent, River (Broughton etc)
Derwent Bay (Above Derwent)
Derwent Bridge (Cockermouth)
Derwent Bridge (Keswick)
Derwent River
Derwent Water (Keswick etc)
Devoke Water (Eskdale)
Dissington
Distington
Dockray (Matterdale)
Dockwray
Dodd, Great (St John's Castlerigg and Wythburn etc)
Dodds Howe (Crosthwaite and Lyth)
Dovenby (Bridekirk)
Drigg (Drigg and Carleton)
Duddon, River (Ulpha etc)
Duddon Bridge
Duddon Estuary (Cumbria)
Duddon River
Dunald Mill (Lancashire)
Dungeon Ghyll Force (Great Langdale)
Dunmail Raise (St John's Castlerigg and Wythburn)
Eaglesfield (Dean)
Eamont, River (Barton etc)
Eamont Bridge bridge (Yanwath and Eamont Bridge etc)
Eamont River
Easdale
Easedale (Lakes)
Easedale Tarn (Lakes)
Eden, River (Bowness etc)
Edenhall (Langwathby)
Eden River
Eel Tarn (Eskdale)
Egremont
Ehen, River (Ennerdale and Kinniside etc)
Ehen River
Ellen, River (Blennerhasset and Torpenhow etc)
Ellenborough (Maryport)
Ellen River
Elleray (Windermere)
Elter Water (Lakes)
Embleton
End, Great (Eskdale etc)
End Moor
Endmoor (Preston Richard)
Ennerdale (Ennerdale and Kinniside)
Ennerdale Water (Ennerdale and Kinniside)
Esk, River (Eskdale etc)
Eskat
Eskdale
Eskett (Lamplugh)
Esk River
Esthwaite Water (Hawkshead)
Eusemere (Barton)
Fairfield (Lakes etc)
Fall, High (Rydal)
Fangs (Loweswater)
Faralton
Farleton Fell (Beetham)
Farleton Knott (Beetham)
Far Sawrey (Claife)
Fell Foot (Lakes)
Fell Foot (Staveley-in-Cartmel)
Fellfoot
Fell Foot Park (Staveley-in-Cartmel)
Fell Pony Museum (Dacre)
Ferry
Field Broughton church (Field Broughton)
Finsthwaite (Colton)
Fisherplace Gill (St John's Castlerigg and Wythburn)
Flat
Flimby (Maryport)
Flookborough
Flookburgh (Lower Holker)
Floutern
Flouthern Tarn (Loweswater)
Force Bridge (Sedgwick etc)
Frith
Frith, High (Frith)
Frith, Low (Frith)
Frith Hall (Frith)
Furness Abbey (Barrow-in-Furness)
Gable
Gable, Great (Nether Wasdale etc)
Gatesgarth (Buttermere)
Gateside (Whitwell and Selside)
Gawthwaite (Blawith and Subberthwaite)
Gilcrux
Gillerthwaite (Loweswater)
Gill Foot
Gillfoot (Egremont)
Gilpin, River (Crosthwaite and Lyth etc)
Gleaston (Aldingham)
Glencoin
Glencoyne (Patterdale etc)
Glencoynedale (Patterdale etc)
Glenridding (Patterdale)
Goat's Water (Torver)
Gopwbarrow Parks
Gosforth
Gowbarrow Park (Matterdale)
Grange (Borrowdale)
Grange
Grange-over-Sands
Grasmere (Lakes)
Grasmoor (Buttermere)
Grathwaite
Graythwaite Old Hall (Satterthwaite)
Great Crosthwaite church (Great Crosthwaite)
Great Dod
Great Dodd (St John's Castlerigg and Wythburn etc)
Great End (Eskdale etc)
Great Gable (Nether Wasdale etc)
Great Langdale (Lakes)
Great Mell Fell (Hutton)
Great Salkeld
Great Urswick (Urswick)
Green
Green
Greenod
Greenodd (Egton with Newland)
Greta, River (Keswick etc)
Greta Bridge (Keswick)
Greta River
Greysouthen
Greystoke
Greystoke Castle (Greystoke)
Greystoke Park (Greystoke)
Grisdale Pike
Grisedale (Patterdale)
Grisedale Pike (Above Derwent etc)
Grisedale Tarn (Patterdale)
Gumer How
Gummer's How (Staveley-in-Cartmel)
Hackthorp
Hackthorpe (Lowther)
Hail
Haile
Halfway House
Hall
Hallen Fell
Hallin Fell (Martindale)
Halls
Hallsteads (Matterdale)
Halton
Hard Knot
Hard Knott (Eskdale etc)
Harrington (Workington)
Harter Fell (Longsleddale etc)
Hartsop (Patterdale)
Hause
Hawcoat (Barrow-in-Furness)
Hawes Water (Bampton etc)
Haweswater Reservoir (Bampton etc)
Hawkshead
Hawkshead Hill (Hawkshead)
Hay Cock
Haycock (Ennerdale and Kinniside etc)
Hayeswater (Patterdale)
Helm
Helm Crag (Lakes)
Helton (Askham)
Helton (Lancashire)
Helton Tarn (Upper Allithwaite etc)
Helvellyn
Hensingham (Whitehaven)
Hesket
Hesket Newmarket (Caldbeck)
Hest Bank (Lancashire)
Hevelin
Heversham
Heysham (Lancashire)
High Bank Ground (Coniston)
High Close (Lakes)
High Cross (Coniston etc)
High Fall (Rydal)
High Frith (Frith)
High Lorton (Lorton)
High Pike (Caldbeck)
High Stile (Ennerdale and Kinniside etc)
High Stott Park (Colton)
High Street (Patterdale etc)
Hill
Holker (Lower Holker)
Holme, The (Windermere)
Holy Trinity Church (Mardale)
Holy Well (Lower Allithwaite)
Holy Well Spa (Lower Allithwaite)
Honister
Honister Crag (Buttermere)
How Town
Howtown (Martindale)
Hucks Bridge (Fawcett Forest etc)
Hucks Bridge Inn (Fawcett Forest)
Humphrey Head (Lower Allithwaite)
Hutton
Hutton-in-the-Forest (Skelton)
Ill Bell (Kentmere etc)
Ings (Hugill)
Ireby
Ireleth (Askam and Ireleth)
Irt, River (Irton with Santon etc)
Irton (Irton with Santon)
Irt River
Isel (Blindcrake)
Isle of Walney (Barrow-in-Furness)
Keer, River (Lancashire)
Kellet
Kendal
Kendal to Shap (Kendal etc)
Kent, River (Lower Allithwaite etc)
Kent, River (Kentmere etc)
Kent Estuary (Lower Allithwaite etc)
Kentmere
Kentmere Tarn (Kentmere)
Kents Bank
Kent's Bank (Grange-over-Sands)
Keppelcove Tarn (Patterdale)
Keswick
Keswick church (Great Crosthwaite)
Kidsay Pike
Kidsty Pike (Martindale etc)
Kinniside (Ennerdale and Kinniside)
Kinnyside
Kirkby Ireleth
Kirk Fell (Nether Wasdale etc)
Kirkland (Lamplugh)
Kirkoswald
Kirkstone
Kirkstone Pass (Patterdale)
Knot End
Knott End (Dunnerdale-with-Seathwaite)
Lamonby (Skelton)
Lamplugh
Lamplugh Cross (Lamplugh)
Lancaster (Lancashire)
Lancaster Canal (Kendal etc)
Lancaster Sands
Lancaster Sands Road (Grange-over-Sands)
Langdale
Langdale, Great (Lakes)
Langdale Tarn, Little (Lakes)
Latrigg (Underskiddaw)
Laverock Bridge (Scalthwaiterigg etc)
Lazonby
Leathes Water (St John's Castlerigg and Wythburn)
Leece (Aldingham)
Leven, River (Haverthwaite etc)
Leven Estuary (Cumbria)
Leven River
Levens
Levens Bridge (Levens)
Levens Hall (Levens)
Levers Water (Coniston)
Lindal
Lindal
Lindale (Upper Allithwaite)
Lindal in Furness (Lindal and Marton)
Little Langdale Tarn (Lakes)
Little Tarn (Ireby)
Lodore (Borrowdale)
Longholm (Windermere)
Long Holme (Windermere)
Longsleddale
Lords Seat
Lord's Seat (Above Derwent etc)
Lorton
Lorton, High (Lorton)
Loughrigg
Loughrigg Fell (Lakes)
Loughrigg Tarn (Lakes)
Low Bank Ground (Coniston)
Low Birker Tarn (Eskdale)
Lowdore (Borrowdale)
Loweswater
Low Frith (Frith)
Lowick
Low Plains (Lazonby)
Low Stott Park (Colton)
Lowther
Lowther, River (Askham etc)
Lowther Bridge (Yanwath and Eamont Bridge etc)
Lowther Castle (Lowther)
Lowther River
Low Water (Coniston)
Low Wood (Lakes)
Low Yews (Crosthwaite and Lyth)
Lune, River (Tebay etc)
Lune Aqueduct (Lancashire)
Lyth
Lyulphs Tower
Lyulph's Tower (Matterdale)
Mardale (Shap Rural)
Mardale church (Mardale)
Mardale Common (Shap Rural)
Marsh Grange (Askam and Ireleth)
Martindale
Maryport
Matterdale
Matterdale [Newchurch]
Mealo House (Hayton and Mealo)
Measand (Bampton)
Meathop (Meathop and Ulpha)
Medup
Melay
Melbreak
Mellbreak (Loweswater)
Mell Fell
Mell Fell, Great (Hutton)
Milbeck
Millbeck (Lakes)
Miller Bridge (Kendal)
Millom
Millum
Milnthorpe
Milthorp
Mint Bridge (Kendal)
Mite, River (Eskdale etc)
Miterdale (Eskdale)
Mite River
Moor End
Moorend (Matterdale)
Moota Hill (Blindcrake)
Moresby
Mosdale
Mosedale (Mungrisdale)
Mosser (Blindbothel)
Moutay
Muncaster (Cumbria etc)
Mungrisdale
Naddle Forest (Shap Rural)
Natland
Near Sawrey (Claife)
Nether Bridge (Kendal)
Newbiggin (Dacre)
Newby Bridge (Staveley-in-Cartmel)
Newchurch (Matterdale)
Newfield
New Inn (Hesket)
Newlands
Newlands Beck (Above Derwent)
Newlands Valley (Above Derwent)
Newton
Newton Fell (Upper Allithwaite)
Ninekirk (Brougham)
Old Man
Old Man of Coniston, The (Coniston)
Ormathwaite (Underskiddaw)
Ouse Bridge
Out Dubs Tarn (Claife etc)
Outward Bound Mountain School (Matterdale)
Over Kellet (Lancashire)
Over Water (Ireby)
Oxen Fell (Skelwith)
Oxen Fell Cross
Oxen House (Blawith and Subberthwaite)
Oxen Park (Colton)
Papcastle
Pardshaw (Dean)
Parton
Patterdale
Patterdale Hotel (Patterdale)
Peel Castle
Peelewike (Wythop)
Peel Wyke
Peil Wyke (Wythop)
Pelter Bridge (Rydal)
Pennington
Penny Bridge (Egton with Newland)
Penrith
Penruddock (Hutton)
Petteril, River (St Cuthbert Without etc)
Petterill River
Piel Castle (Barrow-in-Furness)
Piel Island (Barrow-in-Furness)
Pike, High (Caldbeck)
Pike of Stickle (Lakes)
Pikes
Pillar (Ennerdale and Kinniside etc)
Place Fell (Patterdale etc)
Plains, Low (Lazonby)
Plough
Plough Inn (Selside)
Plumbland
Plumgarths (Strickland Ketel)
Plumpton (Hesket)
Plumpton Wall (Hesket)
Ponsonby
Pooley
Pooley Bridge (Barton)
Portinscale (Above Derwent)
Potter Fell (Strickland Roger)
Poulton (Lancashire)
Raise
Raise Beck (Lakes)
Rampside (Barrow-in-Furness)
Rathmoss (Pennington)
Ravenglass (Muncaster)
Rayrigg
Rayrigg Hall (Windermere)
Red Pike (Ennerdale and Kinniside etc)
Red Tarn (Patterdale)
Revelin Crag (Ennerdale and Kinniside)
Road Moss
Rosthwaite (Borrowdale)
Rusland
Rusland Cross (Rusland)
Rydal (Lakes)
Rydal Water (Lakes)
Saddleback (Threlkeld)
Sadgill (Longsleddale)
Salkeld, Great
Salkeld Gate
Sandal
Sandale (Boltons)
Sandwick (Martindale)
Sandwike
Santon Bridge (Irton with Santon)
Satterthwaite
Sawrey
Sawrey, Far (Claife)
Sawrey, Near (Claife)
Sca Fell (Eskdale)
Scafell Pike (Eskdale)
Scale Force (Loweswater)
Scale Hill (Buttermere)
Scales (Threlkeld)
Scales Tarn (Threlkeld)
Scandale
Scandale Pass (Patterdale etc)
Scawfell
Scilly Bank (Whitehaven)
Scoat Tarn (Nether Wasdale)
Screes
Screes, The (Eskdale)
Seatallan (Nether Wasdale)
Seathwaite (Borrowdale)
Seathwaite (Dunnerdale-with-Seathwaite)
Seathwaite Tarn (Dunnerdale-with-Seathwaite)
Seathwaite to Wasdale Head (Borrowdale etc)
Seatoller (Borrowdale)
Seaton
Sebergham
Sebergham Bridge (Sebergham)
Setmurthy
Shap
Shap Abbey (Shap Rural)
Shap to Kendal (Kendal etc)
Sizergh
Sizergh Castle (Helsington)
Skeggles Water (Longsleddale etc)
Skelton
Skelwith
Skelwith Force (Skelwith etc)
Skerton Bridge (Lancaster)
Skiddaw (Underskiddaw etc)
Skiddaw Man (Underskiddaw etc)
Sline
Slyne (Lancashire)
Small Water (Shap Rural)
Sour Nook (Castle Sowerby)
Souter Fell
Soutergate (Kirkby Ireleth)
Souther Fell (Mungrisdale)
Sowerby
Sowerby Hall (Castle Sowerby)
Spaw
Spa Well (Crosby Ravensworth)
Spring Field
Springfield (Hutton)
Sprinkling Tarn (Borrowdale)
Sprint, River (Strickland Roger etc)
Stainton (Dacre)
Stainton
Stainton with Adgarley (Urswick)
Stake
Stake Pass (Borrowdale etc)
Stanley Force (Eskdale)
station, Helvellyn (St John's Castlerigg and Wythburn etc)
station, Otley 2 (St John's Castlerigg and Wythburn etc)
station, Skiddaw (Underskiddaw etc)
Staveley (Over Staveley etc)
St Bees
St Bees Head (St Bees)
St Bees Lighthouse (St Bees)
Stickle Pikes
Stickle Tarn (Lakes)
Stile, High (Ennerdale and Kinniside etc)
St Johns
St John's Beck (St John's Castlerigg and Wythburn)
St John's in the Vale (St John's Castlerigg and Wythburn)
St Kentigern's Church (Great Crosthwaite)
St Ninian's Church (Brougham)
Stockdale (Longsleddale)
Stock Ghyll (Lakes)
Stockghyll Force (Ambleside)
Stocks (Skelsmergh)
Stoneside
Stoneside Hill (Millom Without etc)
Stonethwaite (Borrowdale)
Stony Tarn (Eskdale)
Storrs (Windermere)
Stors
Stot Park
Stott Park, High (Colton)
Stott Park, Low (Colton)
St Peter's Church (Field Broughton)
Stramongate Bridge (Kendal)
Strands (Nether Wasdale)
Sty Head
Styhead Tarn (Borrowdale)
Sunderland (Blindcrake)
Swan
Swan Hotel (Grasmere)
Swarth Fell (Martindale)
Swindale (Shap Rural)
Tallantire
Tallentire (Bridekirk)
Tarn, Little (Ireby)
Tarns, The (Hawkshead etc)
Taw House (Eskdale)
Taylor Force (Borrowdale)
Taylorgill Force (Borrowdale)
Thirlmere (St John's Castlerigg and Wythburn)
Thirlmere Reservoir (St John's Castlerigg and Wythburn)
Thirlspot (St John's Castlerigg and Wythburn)
Thornthwaite (Above Derwent)
Thornthwaite Hall (Bampton)
Threlkeld
Thrispot
Tilberthwaite (Coniston)
Tirrel
Tirril (Sockbridge and Tirril)
Toes
Torpenhow (Blennerhasset and Torpenhow)
Torver
Tower Wood (Cartmel Fell)
Troutbeck (Lakes)
Troutbeck Bridge (Windermere)
Uldale (Ireby)
Ullock (Dean)
Ulls Water
Ullswater (Matterdale etc)
Ulpha
Ulpha (Meathop and Ulpha)
Ulvay
Ulverston
Ulverston Canal (Ulverston)
Underbarrow (Underbarrow and Bradleyfield)
Urswick
Urswick, Great (Urswick)
Urswick Tarn (Urswick)
Waberthwaite
Wad Mine
Wall End (Lakes)
Walna Scar (Dunnerdale-with-Seathwaite)
Walney Island
Walney Scar
Wansfell (Lakes)
Wanthwaite (St John's Castlerigg and Wythburn)
Warnel Fell
Warnell Fell (Sebergham)
Warton (Lancashire)
Wasdale Head (Nether Wasdale)
Wasdale Head to Seathwaite (Borrowdale etc)
Wast Water (Nether Wasdale)
Watendlath (Borrowdale)
Watendlath Beck (Borrowdale)
Watendlath Tarn (Borrowdale)
Water, Low (Coniston)
Water, Over (Ireby)
Water Foot
Waterfoot (Dacre)
Waterhead (Coniston)
Watermillock (Matterdale)
Wath
Wath Brow (Cleator Moor)
Westmorland and Cumberland Yeomanry Museum (Dacre)
Wetherlam (Coniston)
Wet Sleddale (Shap Rural)
Wetsleddale
Wheat Sheaf (Embleton)
Whicham
Whinlatter
Whinlatter Pass (Lorton)
Whitbarrow (Crosthwaite and Lyth)
Whitbeck (Whicham)
Whitehaven
Whiteless
Whiteless Pike (Buttermere)
White Maid of Borrowdale, The (Borrowdale)
Whiteside (Buttermere)
Winder
Windermere (Lakes etc)
Windermere Ferry (Windermere)
Winster (Crook)
Winster, River (Upper Allithwaite etc)
Witherslack
Woodland (Kirkby Ireleth)
Workington
Wray
Wray Castle (Claife)
Wrynose
Wrynose Pass (Ulpha etc)
Wyke
Wyke, The (Lakes)
Wythburn (St John's Castlerigg and Wythburn)
Wythburn Water (St John's Castlerigg and Wythburn)
Wythop
Yealand
Yealands Conyer (Lancashire)
Yewbarrow (Nether Wasdale)
Yewdale (Coniston)
Yews
Yews, Low (Crosthwaite and Lyth)