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Esk, River (2)
runs into:-    Esk Estuary (2)

civil parish:-   Eskdale (formerly Cumberland)
civil parish:-   Bootle (formerly Cumberland)
civil parish:-   Muncaster (formerly Cumberland)
civil parish:-   Drigg and Carleton (formerly Cumberland)
county:-   Cumbria
locality type:-   river
1Km square:-   NY2101 (etc) 
10Km square:-   NY20
10Km square:-   SD09


photograph
BRM62.jpg  Upper part of the valley.
(taken 14.9.2009)  
photograph
BPF19.jpg  At Doctor's Bridge.
(taken 20.5.2008)  

evidence:-   old map:- OS County Series (Cmd 82) 
item:-  tide
source data:-   Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
"Ordinary Spring Tides flow to this [ ]"

evidence:-   old map:- Gough 1350s-60s
placename:-  Esk
source data:-   Map, colour photozincograph copy, reduced size facsimile, Gough Map of Britain, scale about 28.5 miles to 1 inch, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, 1875.
image  click to enlarge
Ggh1Cm.jpg
"esk"
Running into the sea. 
item:-  JandMN : 33
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Gough 1350s-60s
placename:-  Esk
source data:-   Map, lithograph facsimile, Gough Map of Britain, 20 miles to 1 inch? published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, 1935.
image  click to enlarge
Ggh2Cm.jpg
"esk"
Running into the sea. 
item:-  JandMN : 34
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Lloyd 1573
placename:-  Esk Flu.
source data:-   Map, hand coloured copper plate engraving, Angliae Regni, Kingdom of England, with Wales, scale about 24 miles to 1 inch, authored by Humphrey Lloyd, Denbigh, Clwyd, drawn and engraved by Abraham Ortelius, Netherlands, 1573.
image  click to enlarge
Lld1Cm.jpg
"Esk flu."
item:-  Hampshire Museums : FA1998.69
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Mercator 1595 (edn?) 
placename:-  Eske flu.
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Northumbria, Cumberlandia, et Dunelmensis Episcopatus, ie Northumberland, Cumberland and Durham etc, scale about 6.5 miles to 1 inch, by Gerard Mercator, Duisberg, Germany, about 1595.
image
MER8CumE.jpg
"Eske flu."
double line with stream lines; river, running into the sea S of Ravenglass 
item:-  JandMN : 169
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Speed 1611 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Esk Flu.
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland and the Ancient Citie Carlile Described, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, 1610, published by J Sudbury and George Humble, Popes Head Alley, London, 1611-12.
image
SP11SD09.jpg
double line with stream lines, runs into the sea 
image
SP11SD19.jpg
"Esk Flu"
double line with stream lines, then a wiggly line 
item:-  private collection : 16
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   poem:- Drayton 1612/1622 text
placename:-  Eske
source data:-   Poem, Poly Olbion, by Michael Drayton, published by published by John Marriott, John Grismand and Thomas Dewe, and others? London, part 1 1612, part 2 1622.
image DRY6P163, button  goto source
page 163:-  "...
... Eske her farth'st, so first, a coy bred Cumbrian Lasse,
Who commeth to her Road, renowned Ravenglasse,
..."

evidence:-   old map:- Drayton 1612/1622
placename:-  Eske Fl.
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberlande and Westmorlande, by Michael Drayton, probably engraved by William Hole, scale about 4 or 5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Mariott, John Grismand, and Thomas Dewe, London, 1622.
image
DRY521.jpg
"Eske fl"
River, naiad. 
item:-  JandMN : 168
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   perhaps old map:- Jenner 1643
source data:-   Tables of distances with a maps, Westmerland, scale about 16 miles to 1 inch, and Cumberland, scale about 21 miles to 1 inch, published by Thomas Jenner, London, 1643; published 1643-80.
image
JEN4Sq.jpg
wiggly line 

evidence:-   probably old map:- Jansson 1646
placename:-  Denok Flud
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumbria and Westmoria, ie Cumberland and Westmorland, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Jansson, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1646.
image
JAN3SD09.jpg
image
JAN3SD19.jpg
"Denok fl"
Double wiggly line; the label belongs to the lake? 
item:-  JandMN : 88
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Sanson 1679
placename:-  Denock fl.
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Ancien Royaume de Northumberland aujourdhuy Provinces de Nort, ie the Ancient Kingdom of Northumberland or the Northern Provinces, scale about 9.5 miles to 1 inch, by Nicholas Sanson, Paris, France, 1679.
image  click to enlarge
SAN2Cm.jpg
"Denock fl."
tapering wiggly line; river 
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.15
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Seller 1694 (Cmd) 
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 12 miles to 1 inch, by John Seller, 1694.
image  click to enlarge
SEL9.jpg
tapering wiggly line; river 
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.89
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Morden 1695 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Esk River
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, 1695, published by Abel Swale, the Unicorn, St Paul's Churchyard, Awnsham, and John Churchill, the Black Swan, Paternoster Row, London, 1695-1715.
image
MD12SD19.jpg
"Esk R."
item:-  JandMN : 90
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Badeslade 1742
placename:-  Eske River
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, A Map of Cumberland North from London, scale about 11 miles to 1 inch, with descriptive text, by Thomas Badeslade, London, engraved and published by William Henry Toms, Union Court, Holborn, London, 1742.
image  click to enlarge
BD10.jpg
"Eske R."
tapering wiggly line 
item:-  JandMN : 115
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   descriptive text:- Simpson 1746
placename:-  Eske, River
source data:-   Atlas, three volumes of maps and descriptive text published as 'The Agreeable Historian, or the Compleat English Traveller ...', by Samuel Simpson, 1746.
image SMP4P181, button  goto source
"..."
"Ravenglass ... Here is a commodious Harbour for Ships, made by the Meeting of the River Mute with the Eske. ..."

evidence:-   old text:- Gents Mag
source data:-   Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922.
image G7480292, button  goto source
Gentleman's Magazine 1748 p.292  "... Of all the three streams [at Ravenglass], Esk is the farthest navigable, even a great way above Moncaster hall, Sir Joseph Pennington's seat, quite to the mountains, for vessels of tolerable burthen."

evidence:-   old map:- Bowen and Kitchin 1760
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, A New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland Divided into their Respective Wards, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin et al, published by T Bowles, Robert Sayer, and John Bowles, London, 1760.
image
BO18SD08.jpg
wiggly line and river mouth, into the sea 
item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.10
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Esk River
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774.
image
D4SD09NE.jpg
image
D4SD19NW.jpg
"Esk River"
image
D4SD19NE.jpg
single or double wiggly line; a river into the sea; estuary 
item:-  Carlisle Library : Map 2
Images © Carlisle Library

evidence:-   old text:- Mackenzie 1776
placename:-  Esk, River
source data:-   Charts, and sailing directions, Nautical Descriptions of the West Coast of Great Britain, Bristol Channel to Cape Wrath, by Murdoch Mackenzie, published London, 1776.
image MK10P19, button  goto source
Page 19:-  "RAVINGLAS Harbour."
"Ravinglas is a dry Harbour in Cumberland, where three rivulets, Esk, Mite, and Ort, unite. ..."

evidence:-   old map:- West 1784 map
placename:-  Esk River
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, A Map of the Lakes in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Paas, 53 Holborn, London, about 1784.
image
Ws02SD09.jpg
image
Ws02SD19.jpg
item:-  Armitt Library : A1221.1
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Skrine 1801
placename:-  Esk River
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, rivers in Cumberland, Westmorland, Lancashire and Cheshire, scale about 23 miles to 1 inch, by Henry Skrine, published by P Elmsly, London, 1801.
image  click to enlarge
M076.jpg
"Esk R."
river 
item:-  JandMN : 421
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Cooke 1802
placename:-  Esk River
source data:-   Map, Cumberland, scale about 15.5 miles to 1 inch, by George Cooke, 1802, bound in Gray's New Book of Roads, 1824, published by Sherwood, Jones and Co, Paternoster Road, London, 1824.
image  click to enlarge
GRA1Cd.jpg
"Esk R."
tapering wiggly line; river 
item:-  Hampshire Museums : FA2000.62.2
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Cooke 1802
placename:-  Esk River
source data:-   Map, The Lakes, Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 8.5 miles to 1 inch, engravedby Neele and Son, published by Sherwood, Jones and Co, Paternoster Road, London, 1824.
image  click to enlarge
GRA1Lk.jpg
"Esk R."
tapering wiggly line; river 
item:-  Hampshire Museums : FA2000.62.5
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Laurie and Whittle 1806
placename:-  Esk River
source data:-   Road map, Completion of the Roads to the Lakes, scale about 10 miles to 1 inch, by Nathaniel Coltman? 1806, published by Robert H Laurie, 53 Fleet Street, London, 1834.
image  click to enlarge
Lw18.jpg
"Esk River"
river 
item:-  private collection : 18.18
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Cooper 1808
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 10.5 miles to 1 inch, drawn and engraved by Cooper, published by R Phillips, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, 1808.
image  click to enlarge
COP3.jpg
tapering wiggly line; river 
item:-  JandMN : 86
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Wallis 1810 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Esk River
source data:-   Road map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 16 miles to 1 inch, by James Wallis, 77 Berwick Stree, Soho, London, 1810.
image  click to enlarge
WL13.jpg
"Esk R."
river 
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2009.81.10
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Otley 1818
placename:-  Esk River
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, The District of the Lakes, Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Jonathan Otley, 1818, engraved by J and G Menzies, Edinburgh, Scotland, published by Jonathan Otley, Keswick, Cumberland, et al, 1833.
image
OT02SD19.jpg
"Esk R."
item:-  JandMN : 48.1
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Hall 1820 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Elk River
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 21 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Sidney Hall, published by S Leigh, 18 Strand, London, 1820-31.
image  click to enlarge
HA14.jpg
"Elk R."
tapering wiggly line; river 
item:-  JandMN : 91
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   descriptive text:- Otley 1823 (5th edn 1834) 
item:-  geology
source data:-   Guide book, A Concise Description of the English Lakes, the mountains in their vicinity, and the roads by which they may be visited, with remarks on the mineralogy and geology of the district, by Jonathan Otley, published by the author, Keswick, Cumberland now Cumbria, by J Richardson, London, and by Arthur Foster, Kirkby Lonsdale, Cumbria, 1823; published 1823-49, latterly as the Descriptive Guide to the English Lakes.
image OT01P041, button  goto source
Page 41:-  "The Esk, rising on the east of Scawfell, retains its name till it enters the sea at Ravenglass; where the Irt from Wasdale, and the Mite from Miterdale, join it upon the sands. ..."
image OT01P108, button  goto source
Page 108:-  "The small river Esk winds along a narrow valley, among verdant fields, surmounted by rugged rocks, ... On the left hand, in travelling down the valley, there are two remarkable cascades. The first is seen from the road; but the other, which lies beyond the chapel, requires a walk of more than half a mile to view it. ..."
"..."
image OT01P149, button  goto source
Page 149:-  "A variety of granite with reddish felspar, and which from a deficiency of mica, has sometimes been"
image OT01P151, button  goto source
Page 151:-  "called sienite, ... extends to some distance on both sides of the river Esk, ... It contains veins of red hematite and micaceous iron ore. ..."

evidence:-   old map:- Ford 1839 map
placename:-  Esk River
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Lake District of Cumberland, Westmoreland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, and by R Groombridge, 5 Paternoster Row, London, 3rd edn 1843.
image
FD02SD19.jpg
"Esk R."
item:-  JandMN : 100.1
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Garnett 1850s-60s H
source data:-   Map of the English Lakes, in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s.
image
GAR2SD09.jpg
wiggly line, river, broadening into the estuary 
image
GAR2SD19.jpg
"R. Esk"
item:-  JandMN : 82.1
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   perhaps old photograph:- Bell 1880s-1940s
source data:-   Photograph, sepia, head of Eskdale, and Sca Fell, Cumberland, by Herbert Bell, photographer, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1890s.
image  click to enlarge
HB0910.jpg
item:-  Armitt Library : ALPS585
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   perhaps old photograph:- Bell 1880s-1940s
source data:-   Photograph, black and white, head of Eskdale, and Sca Fell, Cumberland, by Herbert Bell, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1890s.
image  click to enlarge
HB0522.jpg
item:-  Armitt Library : ALPS185
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Postlethwaite 1877 (3rd edn 1913) 
placename:-  Esk, River
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Lake District Mining Field, Westmorland, Cumberland, Lancashire, scale about 5 miles to 1 inch, by John Postlethwaite, published by W H Moss and Sons, 13 Lowther Street, Whitehaven, Cumberland, 1877 edn 1913.
image
PST2SD19.jpg
"River Esk"
wiggly line, running into Ravenglass harbour 
item:-  JandMN : 162.2
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old text:- Admiralty 1933
placename:-  Esk, River
source data:-   image AY01p385, button  goto source
Page 385:-  "..."
"The Irt, Mite, and Esk streams [at Ravenglass Harbour] have their sources near Scafell Pikes in Cumberland, the first from Wast water, 13 miles from Ravenglass; the second near Birnmoor tarn, 8 miles; and the third near Angel tarn, 18 miles."

evidence:-   old postcard:- 
source data:-   Postcard, sepia coloured photograph, River Esk at Ravenglass, Muncaster, Cumberland, mid 20th century.
image  click to enlarge
PH0101.jpg
printed at top:-  "Ravenglass, Newtown"
item:-  JandMN : 969
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old print:- Farington 1816 (plate 25) 
source data:-   Print, uncoloured engraving, Wastdale Village, drawn by Joseph Farington, engraved by J Landseer, published by T Cadell and W Davies, Strand, London, 1815.
image  click to enlarge
BNV37.jpg
Plate 25 in The Lakes of Lancashire, Westmorland and Cumberland ... with text by Thomas Hartwell Horne. 
item:-  private collection : 76
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old print:- Farington 1816 (plate 26) 
placename:-  Esk, River
source data:-   Print, uncoloured engraving, Muncaster Castle and Eskdale, drawn by Joseph Farington, engraved by John Pye, published by T Cadell and W Davies, Strand, London, 1815.
image  click to enlarge
BNV38.jpg
Plate 26 in The Lakes of Lancashire, Westmorland and Cumberland ... with text by Thomas Hartwell Horne:-  "[Muncaster Castle] stands on an eminence, ... commanding in front a fine view of the Vale of Esk, flanked on each side, and terminated in front, by the wildest mountain scenery. ... The River Esk, which gives its name to Eskdale, is formed by some small streams which rise near Bow-fell; it falls into the sea at Ravenglass, after a course of about thriteen miles."
item:-  private collection : 75
Image © see bottom of page


photograph
BRM64.jpg  Near the head of the river.
(taken 14.9.2009)  
photograph
BRM65.jpg  Near the head of the river.
(taken 14.9.2009)  
photograph
BRM66.jpg  Near the head of the river.
(taken 14.9.2009)  
photograph
BRM67.jpg  Near the head of the river.
(taken 14.9.2009)  
photograph
BNJ30.jpg  At Beckfoot Bridge, Eskdale.
(taken 14.3.2007)  
photograph
CDE95.jpg  At Doctor's Bridge, Eskdale.
(taken 4.6.2015)  
photograph
BYF37.jpg  At Trough House Bridge, Eskdale.
(taken 27.4.2013)  
photograph
BNJ21.jpg  Below Forge Bridge, Eskdale.
(taken 14.3.2007)  
photograph
BQK60.jpg  At a ford, Muncaster.
(taken 14.3.2007)  
photograph
Click to enlarge
BQK55.jpg  At Hall Waberthwaite.
(taken 17.4.2009)  

places:-  
NY18940074 Doctor's Bridge (Eskdale) L
NY225037 Esk Falls (Eskdale)
NY18130029 Eskdale (Eskdale)
SD13109777 Cropple How Flow Measurement Station (Muncaster)
NY17870013 footbridge, Eskdale (Eskdale)
SD13079780 ford, Muncaster (Muncaster)
SD09809501 ford, Waberthwaite (Waberthwaite / Muncaster)
SD14929952 Forge Bridge (Eskdale)
NY17840015 Gill Force (Eskdale)
SD11249642 Muncaster Bridge (Muncaster)
SD08229613 Ravenglass Fishery (Muncaster)
SD08159602 Ravenglass Harbour (Muncaster / Bootle / Drigg and Carleton)
SD13099779 Stock's Bridge (Muncaster)
NY17160038 Trough House Bridge (Eskdale)
NY20380089 Whahouse Bridge (Eskdale)
SD08759422 Eskmeals Viaduct (Waberthwaite / Bootle / Muncaster)
SD08169573 Esk Estuary (Muncaster / Bootle / Waberthwaite)
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