Old Cumbria Gazetteer - road, Penrith to Carlisle

included in:-

road, Lancaster to Carlisle
road, Penrith to Brampton partly

road, Penrith to Carlisle

Penrith to Carlisle

Carlisle to Penrith

civil parish:-

Penrith (formerly Cumberland)

civil parish:-

Hesket (formerly Cumberland)

civil parish:-

Lazonby (formerly Cumberland)

civil parish:-

St Cuthbert Without (formerly Cumberland)

civil parish:-

Carlisle (formerly Cumberland)

county:-

Cumbria

locality type:-

road route

10Km square:-

NY53

10Km square:-

NY43

10Km square:-

NY44

10Km square:-

NY45

evidence:-

old map:- Gough 1350s-60s

source data:-

Map, colour photozincograph copy, reduced size facsimile, Gough Map of Britain, scale about 28.5 miles to 1 inch, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, 1875.

click to enlarge
Ggh1Cm.jpg
Route from Shap through Greystok to Karlil.
item:- JandMN : 33
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Gough 1350s-60s

source data:-

Map, lithograph facsimile, Gough Map of Britain, 20 miles to 1 inch? published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, 1935.

click to enlarge
Ggh2Cm.jpg
Route from Shap through Greystok to Karlil.
item:- JandMN : 34
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Ogilby 1675 (plate 86)

source data:-

Road strip map, uncoloured engraving, the Road from Tinmouth ... to Carlisle, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by John Ogilby, London, 1675.

OG86m065.jpg
In mile 68, Cumberland.
Turning left:- "The Road to Penrith Lancaster &LONDON"
(See plate 38.)
item:- JandMN : 73
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Ogilby 1675

source data:-

Road strip map, hand coloured engraving, continuation of the Road from London to Carlisle, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by John Ogilby, London, 1675.

OG38PtoC.jpg
item:- JandMN : 21
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Morden 1695 (Cmd)

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, 1695, published by Abel Swale, the Unicorn, St Paul's Churchyard, Awnsham, and John Churchill, the Black Swan, Paternoster Row, London, 1695-1715.

MD12NY45.jpg

MD12NY44.jpg

MD12NY54.jpg

MD12NY53.jpg
Single line.
item:- JandMN : 90
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

presumably old map:- Morden 1695 (Cmd)
placename:- Millitary Way

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorland, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, published by Abel Swale, the Unicorn, St Paul's Churchyard, Awnsham, and John Churchill, the Black Swan, Paternoster Row, London, 1695.

MD10NY53.jpg
"The millitary way from Carlile"
Double line.
item:- JandMN : 24
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

descriptive text:- Fiennes 1698

source data:-

Travel book, manuscript record of Journeys through England including parts of the Lake District, by Celia Fiennes, 1698.
"The wayes from thence [penrith, OR Long Meg] to Carlisle over much heath where they have many stone quarrys and cut much peate and turff, which is their chief fuel; its reckon'd but 16 mile from Peroth to Carlisle but they are pretty long, besides my going out of the way above 3 or 4 mile, which made it 20; they were very long and I was a great while rideing it; you pass by the little hutts and hovels the poor live in like barnes some have them daub'd with mud-wall others drye walls."

evidence:-

old map:- Bowen 1720 (plate 94)

source data:-

Strip maps, uncoloured engravings, road maps, The Road from London to Carlisle, scale about 2 miles to 1 inch, with sections in Lancashire and Westmorland, published by Emanuel Bowen, St Katherines, London, 1720.

B094PtoC.jpg
item:- Dove Cottage : 2007.38.100
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Badeslade 1742
placename:-

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, A Map of Cumberland North from London, scale about 11 miles to 1 inch, with descriptive text, by Thomas Badeslade, London, engraved and published by William Henry Toms, Union Court, Holborn, London, 1742.

click to enlarge
BD10.jpg
""
double line
item:- JandMN : 115
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Simpson 1746 map (Wmd)
placename:- Military Way

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, Westmorland, scale about 8 miles to 1 inch, printed by R Walker, Fleet Lane, London, 1746.

SMP2NYL.jpg
"The Military Way to Carlisle"
Double line.
item:- Dove Cottage : 2007.38.59
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Bowen and Kitchin 1760

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, A New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland Divided into their Respective Wards, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin et al, published by T Bowles, Robert Sayer, and John Bowles, London, 1760.

BO18NY45.jpg
double line, solid

BO18NY44.jpg
"Penrith to Carlile 18 4"
double line, dotted, road distance

BO18NY43.jpg
double line, dotted
item:- Armitt Library : 2008.14.10
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Kitchin 1767 (plate 40)

source data:-

Road strip map, uncoloured engraving, The Road from London to Carlisle, in Kitchin's Post Chaise Companion, by Thomas Kitchin, published by Robert Sayer, 53 Fleet Street, John Bowles, Cornhill, and Carington Bowles, St Paul's Church Yard, London, 1767.

K040PtoC.jpg
item:- Hampshire Museums : FA1999.138.40
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd)

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774.
double line, solid or dotted, with a dot or milestone and number at 1 mile intervals, tinted red; turnpike road

D4NY45NW.jpg
from English Gate

D4NY45SW.jpg

D4NY44NE.jpg

D4NY44SE.jpg
"P. to C. 18:0:0"
miles.furlongs.poles; Penrith to Carlisle

D4NY43NE.jpg

D4NY53SW.jpg
item:- Carlisle Library : Map 2
Images © Carlisle Library

evidence:-

old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd)
placename:- Plumpton Street

source data:-

D4NY43NE.jpg
"Plumpton Street"
road
item:- Carlisle Library : Map 2
Image © Carlisle Library

evidence:-

old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd)

source data:-

D44055H.jpg
road out of town
item:- Carlisle Library : Map 2
Image © Carlisle Library

evidence:-

road map:- Cary 1790 (Cmd/edn 1789)

source data:-

Road map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 15 miles to 1 inch, by John Cary, 181 Strand, London, 1790, edn 1789.

click to enlarge
CY47.jpg
double line, with road distances from Penrith
item:- JandMN : 419
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

road map:- Cary 1790 (Wmd/edn 1792)

source data:-

Road map, hand coloured engraving, Westmoreland, scale about 11.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Cary, 181 Strand, London, 1790, edn 1792.

click to enlarge
CY16.jpg
"from Carlisle / the Grt. North Road"
double line
item:- JandMN : 44
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old text:- Gents Mag
item:- accident; mail coach

source data:-

Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922.

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Gentleman's Magazine 1792 p.581 "..."
"[died] At the Crown Inn at Penrith, Mr. Frederick Sneedorf, a Danish gentleman, professor of history in the University of Copenhagen, and a correspondent in this Magazine (see p.491). On the evening of the 13th, the Manchester mail-coach arrived at the usual time in Penrith, with four inside passengers, viz. a lady and three gentlemen, and one outside passenger, a man. About the first mile-post from Penrith, the nearside leading horse, by some unaccountable accident, got the bridle rubbed off its head; and at a time when all four horses were walking very slowly, and being rather spirited, made a sudden turn, to come back to Penrith. The outside passenger and guard, who had both got off the coach, to ease the horses up the hill, and the coachman, who was perfectly sober, made every effort to prevent the horses turning round, but without effect, having no command of the nearside leader, on account of the bridle being wanting. The coachman thought that by getting off his box, he could, with the assistance of the guard and outside passenger, stop the horses; but all would not do; they set off at a gallop. Mr. Sneedorff, and another gentleman whose name is not known, leaped out of the coach. The latter escaped with a slight scratch on his face; the former, we are sorry to say, in leaping out (it is supposed) pitched upon his head, and received a concussion of the brain, of which he lingered until one o'clock in the morning of the 15th, and then expired. The lady and gentleman who remained in the coach received no injury; and, it is imagined, had the other two"

evidence:-

old text:- Gents Mag 1792

source data:-

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Gentleman's Magazine 1792 p.582 "remained, all would have been safe. The coachman was hurt in his endeavours to stop the horses, but is recovering; the horses were slightly hurt."

evidence:-

road book:- Cary 1798 (2nd edn 1802)

source data:-

Road book, itineraries, Cary's New Itinerary, by John Cary, 181 Strand, London, 2nd edn 1802.

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click to enlarge
C38267.jpg
page 267-268 "LONDON, through Manchester and Carlisle, to Port Patrick"
part of

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click to enlarge
C38271.jpg
page 271-272 "[PORT PATRICK to Northampton.]"
in the reverse route

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click to enlarge
C38283.jpg
page 283-284 "LONDON to Glasgow"
part of

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click to enlarge
C38285.jpg
page 285-286 "GLASGOW to G.P.O. London."
part of reverse route

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click to enlarge
C38319.jpg
page 319-320 "Beyond Penrith, on r. a T.R. to Carlisle."
item:- JandMN : 228.1
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

descriptive text:- Baker 1802

source data:-

Perspective road map with sections in Lancashire, Westmorland, and Cumberland, by J Baker, London 1802.
Page 27:- "The road from Penrith to Carlisle continues for some way on the breast of the hill I just noticed [Beacon Hill]. The river Petterill also bends its course near it, and from hence is a pleasant prospect over the open lands that are contiguous; where countless slips of gaily coloured tillage extend in various directions like the expanded folds of a fan, unto its termination amidst thick woodlands and enclosed pasturage."
"After a few miles travel, these highlands cease to prevail, and a wide champaign country opens in great breadth towards the north, in the centre of which the antient city of Carlisle seems lifting its sacred gothic grandeur to the distant view of the traveller. ..."

evidence:-

old map:- Cooke 1802

source data:-

Map, Cumberland, scale about 15.5 miles to 1 inch, by George Cooke, 1802, bound in Gray's New Book of Roads, 1824, published by Sherwood, Jones and Co, Paternoster Road, London, 1824.

click to enlarge
GRA1Cd.jpg
double line, feathered edges; post road?
item:- Hampshire Museums : FA2000.62.2
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Cooke 1802

source data:-

Map, Westmoreland ie Westmorland, scale about 12 miles to 1 inch, by George Cooke, 1802, published by Sherwood, Jones and Co, Paternoster Road, London, 1824.

click to enlarge
GRA1Wd.jpg
"from Carlisle - the Grt. North Road"
double line, light dark solid; road
item:- Hampshire Museums : FA2000.62.4
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Laurie and Whittle 1806

source data:-

Road map, Completion of the Roads to the Lakes, scale about 10 miles to 1 inch, by Nathaniel Coltman? 1806, published by Robert H Laurie, 53 Fleet Street, London, 1834.

click to enlarge
Lw18.jpg
double line, light bold; 'Mail-Coach Roads (Direct)'
item:- private collection : 18.18
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Laurie and Whittle 1806

source data:-

Road map, Continuation of the Roads to Glasgow and Edinburgh, scale about 10 miles to 1 inch, by Nathaniel Coltman? 1806, published by Robert H Laurie, 53 Fleet Street, London, 1834.

click to enlarge
Lw21.jpg
double line, light bold; 'Mail-Coach Roads (Direct)'
item:- private collection : 18.21
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Cooper 1808

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 10.5 miles to 1 inch, drawn and engraved by Cooper, published by R Phillips, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, 1808.

click to enlarge
COP3.jpg
double line; road
item:- JandMN : 86
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Wallis 1810 (Cmd)

source data:-

Road map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 16 miles to 1 inch, by James Wallis, 77 Berwick Stree, Soho, London, 1810.

click to enlarge
WL13.jpg
double line, hatched; 'Mail Coach Road'
item:- Dove Cottage : 2009.81.10
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Hall 1820 (Cmd)

source data:-

Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 21 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Sidney Hall, published by S Leigh, 18 Strand, London, 1820-31.

click to enlarge
HA14.jpg
double line, solid; main road; Penrith, Upper Hesket, Low Heskett, Wragmire House, Carleton, Haraby, Carlisle
item:- JandMN : 91
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

descriptive text:- Ford 1839 (3rd edn 1843)

source data:-

Guide book, A Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by Rev William Ford, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, by W Edwards, 12 Ave Maria Lane, Charles Tilt, Fleet Street, William Smith, 113 Fleet Street, London, by Currie and Bowman, Newcastle, by Bancks and Co, Manchester, by Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, and by Sinclair, Dumfries, 1839.

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Page 174:- "..."
"XVIII. PENRITH TO CARLISLE.- 18 M."


Miles.	PENRITH TO	Miles.

4½	Salkeld Great	4½
½	Plumpton	5
4¼	High Hesket	9¼
1½	Low Hesket	10¾
4¾	Carleton	15½
1	Harraby	16½
1½	Carlisle	18

evidence:-

old map:- Ford 1839 map

source data:-

Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Lake District of Cumberland, Westmoreland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, and by R Groombridge, 5 Paternoster Row, London, 3rd edn 1843.

FD02NY43.jpg

FD02NY44.jpg
"P to C 18 Ms."

FD02NY45.jpg
item:- JandMN : 100.1
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Garnett 1850s-60s H

source data:-

Map of the English Lakes, in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s.

GAR2NY45.jpg
double line, bold light, major road

GAR2NY44.jpg

GAR2NY43.jpg

evidence:-

old itinerary:- Tinsley 1877 (Roads/Cum)

source data:-

Itinerary, route 3, London to Edinburgh and Glasgow via Boroughbridge and Carlisle, including from Bowes, Durham; through Brough, Appleby, Westmorland; then Penrith, Carlisle, Longtown, Cumberland; and into Scotland, published by Tinsley Bros, 8 Catherine Street, Strand, London, 1877.

click to enlarge
TLY138.jpg
pp.36-49 in British High Roads, North and North Eastern Routes; pp.37-39.
printed at p.36:- "... / ROUTE III. - LONDON to EDINBURGH and GLASGOW via / BOROUGHBRIDGE and CARLISLE (See Maps 31 to 42.) / Boroughbridge 206 (as per Route I.), Leeming 221½, Catterick 228, Greta Bridge 242½, Bowes 248½, Brough 261½, Appleby 269¾, / Penrith 283½, Carlisle 301½, Longtown 310¼, Langholm 321¾, / Hawick 349½, Selkirk 356, Middleton 379½, Edinburgh 392½. / ..."

evidence:-

old strip map:- Tinsley 1877 (Roads/Cum)

source data:-

Strip map, road map, part of London to Edinburgh via Boroughbridge and Carlisle, including from Appleby, Westmorland through Penrith to Carlisle, Cumberland, published by Tinsley Bros, 8 Catherine Street, Strand, London, 1877.

click to enlarge
TLY1M2.jpg
Map pp.35-36 in British High Roads, North and North Eastern Routes.
printed at top:- "BRITISH HIGH ROADS. / 35 LONDON TO EDINBURGH, VIA BOROUGHBRIDGE &CARLISLE. 36"
item:- private collection : 270.4
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

gradient diagram:- Gall and Inglis 1890s-1900s (Roads)

source data:-

Contour Road Book of England, Northern Division, by Harry R G Inglis, published by Gall and Inglis, 25 Paternoster Square, London and Edinburgh, 1898.

click to enlarge
IG5160.jpg
Itinerary, with gradient diagram, route 160, Carlisle to Haltwhistle, and route 161, Carlisle to Kendal, Westmorland, Cumberland and Northumberland, 1898.
item:- JandMN : 763.8
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Bell 1892

source data:-

Map, colour lithograph, Road Map of Cumberland, by George Joseph Bell, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, printed by Charles Thurnam and Sons, Carlisle, Cumberland, 1892.

BEL9NY45.jpg

BEL9NY44.jpg

BEL9NY43.jpg

BEL9NY53.jpg
orange - disturnpiked 'main road' under section 13 of the Highways Act 1878 since 1 September 1883

Road map of Cumberland showing County Bridges
item:- Carlisle Library : Map 38
Images © Carlisle Library

evidence:-

old text:- Harper 1907
item:- mail coach

source data:-

Guidebook, The Manchester and Glasgow Road, by Charles G Harper, published by Chapman and Hall Ltd, London, 1907.
HP01p107.txt
Page 107:- "..."
"It was only right and proper that on such a road as this amateur coachmen were few. It would, indeed, have sounded a higher note of propriety had there been none at all. With regard to the mails, the Post Office regulations, not only on this road, but on roads in general, strictly forbade coachmen allowing amateurs to drive, and expected guards to interpose, to prevent anything of the kind. On one occasion, when young Teather, of Teather &Son, the mail-contractors, had taken the coachman's place, and was about to drive his own horses, a half-indignant and half-terrified passenger seized the reins because the guard did not veto the arrangement. What would have happened to that guard for not fulfilling his instructions to the letter we do not know, for there happened to be a change of Government at the time, and when the guard somewhat impudently desired to know which of the two Postmasters-General - the in-coming or retiring - he was to address in his defence, the matter was allowed to drop."
"One of the few privileged amateurs was Mr. James Parkin, who generally worked on Teather's ground out of Penrith, towards Carlisle. He was one of those who would drive only the best of teams, and so gave up when the railways encroached and the horses on the shorter journeys became"
HP01p108.txt
Page 108:- "inferior. He was wont to say he did not care to be a "screw-driver." He was a very steady but slow-going whip: too slow for the Mail, and lacked energy to make his horses slip along over the galloping ground, where really scientific coachmen always made up for lost time. The guard, in fact, was perpetually holding up his watch, admonishing him to "send 'em along.""
"Ramsay of Barnton was a good enough whip when the cattle were good, but he liked to choose his ground. Nightingale, the great coursing judge of that day, was the one to "take a coach through the country." He took the horses as they came, - kickers or jibbers - and, thanks to his fine nerves and delicate handling of the ribbons, kept his time to a second."
"..."
HP01p136.txt
Page 136:- "... "Scotland Road," [Penrith] confronting you, indicates the not far distant Border, and then, at the "White Ox" inn, the ways divide: on the right the Old Carlisle Road, on the left the new. Very steep and rough goes the old road for one mile. Prince Charlie marched it, and has my heartfelt sympathy. After passing the "Inglewood" inn, which seems forlornly to wonder what has become of the traffic, it rejoins the existing highway - which runs along the traces of an ancient Roman road - at Stony Beck. To the left hand, near Plumpton station, are some traces of the Roman station of Voreda, known as Castlesteads, or Old Penrith. It has yielded many relics. Of the ancient Inglewood Forest, and the alarming wild boars that frequented it, there are no signs, and the road - as excellent a road as one would wish to find - goes with little incident away into Carlisle itself, the Petterill Brook on the left hand. The "Pack Horse" inn stands at the cross-road to Lazonby, where Salkeld toll-gate once stood, and then, two miles from High Hesket, on the left hand, rises the hill known suggestively as Thiefside: the thieves in question, no doubt, the old horse-thieves, cattle-raiders, and moss-trooping vagabonds of the Border. Here, appropriately enough, Topliss, the motor-bandit, was shot dead by the police in June, 1920. High Hesket is a tiny wayside village of the rough stone houses, generally whitewashed, that hence-forward are the feature of the road, through Cumberland and into Dumfriesshire. The church of High Hesket, quite a humble little building, with bellcote in lieu of tower, stands shamefaced in a coating of compo, by the way, near another dilapidated old "White Ox" inn, once busy with traffic of a bygone day. The motor-cars disregard it, or merely halt for that last indignity to an inn, a pail of water wherewith to"
HP01p137.txt
Page 137:- "cool their engines. Dropping downhill to Low Hesket, the road comes quickly to Carleton and then, by the frowzy street of Botchergate, into the midst of Carlisle."
"..."

evidence:-

old strip map:- CTC 1911 (Roads)

source data:-

Page 15 of Cyclists' Touring Club British Road Book new series vol.6, edited by F B Sandford, published by Thomas Nelson and Sons, London etc, 1911.

click to enlarge
CTC215.jpg
Strip road map, route 1, Carlisle Penrith Shap, part of Carlisle to Tarporley, scale about 5 miles to 1 inch.
Together with an itinerary and gradient diagram.
item:- JandMN : 491.15
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-

old map:- Burrow 1920s

source data:-

Road book, On the Road, Dunlop Pictorial Road Plans, volume V, strip maps with parts in Westmorland, Cumberland etc, irregular scale about 1.5 miles to 1 inch, by E J Burrow and Co, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, 1920s.

evidence:-

old text:- Burrow 1920s
placename:-

source data:-

Road book, strip maps with parts in Westmorland, Cumberland etc, irregular scales about 1.5 miles to 1 inch, by E J Burrow and Co, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, 1920s.
"... A good road leads from Penrith to Carlisle, descending by way of Plumpton Head and High Hesketh into the valley of the Eden. ..."

Act of Parliament

hearsay:-

Anyone working to repair the road at Wragmire, which was very boggy, was promised an indulgence of 40 days of remitted penance by Bishop Welton, 1354.

places:-

Penrith
Plumpton, Hesket
High Hesket, Hesket
Carleton, St Cuthbert Without
Carlisle

milestones:-

All milestones known, various dates
in sequence, mostly on A6
milestone, Penrith (4)
milestone, Penrith (2)
milestone, Penrith (3)
milestone, Hesket (7)
milestone, Hesket (6)
milestone, Hesket (5)
milestone, Hesket (4)
milestone, Lazonby
milestone, Hesket (8) on the old road through the village
milestone, Hesket (3)
milestone, Hesket (2)
milestone, Hesket
milestone, St Cuthbert Without (2)
milestone, St Cuthbert Without
milestone, Carlisle (2)
milestone, Carlisle (12)

places:-