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Longtown
civil parish:-   Arthuret (formerly Cumberland)
county:-   Cumbria
locality type:-   locality
locality type:-   buildings
locality type:-   selected place
coordinates:-   NY37936868
1Km square:-   NY3768
10Km square:-   NY36
latitude; longitude:-   2d 58.2m W; 55d 0.5m N

photograph
BMQ12.jpg (taken 15.9.2006)  
evidence:-   old map:- OS County Series (Cmd 10 3) 
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
OS County Series (Cmd 10 2) 
evidence:-   old map:- Burghley 1590 (facsimile) 
placename:-  Longtowne
source data:-   Facsimile map, A Platt of the Opposete Border of Scotland to ye West Marches of England, parts of Cumberland and Scotland including the Debateable Land, from a manuscript drawn for William Cecil, Lord Burghley, about 1590, published by R B Armstrong, 1897.
courtesy of the National Library of Scotland
image
M048NY46.jpg
"Longtowne"
circle, tower 
item:-  National Library of Scotland : MS6113 f.267
Image © National Library of Scotland
evidence:-   old map:- Morden 1695 (EW) 
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, England, including Wales, scale about 27 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, published by Abel Swale Awnsham and John Churchil, London, about 1695.
image  click to enlarge
MRD3Cm.jpg
"Longtown"
circle; village or town 
item:-  JandMN : 339
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Morden 1695 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Long Town
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, 1695, published by Abel Swale, the Unicorn, St Paul's Churchyard, Awnsham, and John Churchill, the Black Swan, Paternoster Row, London, 1695-1715.
image
MD12NY47.jpg
"Long Town"
Circle, building and tower. 
item:-  JandMN : 90
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Badeslade 1742
placename:-  Long Town
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, A Map of Cumberland North from London, scale about 11 miles to 1 inch, with descriptive text, by Thomas Badeslade, London, engraved and published by William Henry Toms, Union Court, Holborn, London, 1742.
image  click to enlarge
BD10.jpg
"Long Town"
circle, tower/s, upright lowercase text; town 
item:-  JandMN : 115
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Gents Mag
item:-  rebellion, 1745; 1745 Rebellion
source data:-   Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922.
image G7450603, button  goto source
Gentleman's Magazine 1745 p.603  "... ..."
"... On Friday the 8th they march'd, part of the cavalry to Longholm, and infansry (sic) to Cannoby, on the Scotch side, and the rest of the cavalry cross'd the river and lay at Longtown, ..."
evidence:-   descriptive text:- Simpson 1746
placename:-  Logtown
source data:-   Atlas, three volumes of maps and descriptive text published as 'The Agreeable Historian, or the Compleat English Traveller ...', by Samuel Simpson, 1746.
image SMP4P187, button  goto source
"Longtown, near where the Eske and Kirksop Rivers meet: It is a small Town, the Market of which is kept on Thursdays; and it is 234 Miles computed, and 315 measured from London."
evidence:-   old map:- Bickham 1753-54 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Long Town
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, perspective map, Map of Cumberland North from London, by George Bickham, James Street, Bunhill Fields, London, 1753, published by F Jollie and Sons, Carlisle, Cumberland, 1811.
image  click to enlarge
JL05.jpg
"Long Town"
view (sort of) 
item:-  Carlisle Library : 4.2
Image © Carlisle Library
evidence:-   old map:- Bowen and Kitchin 1760
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, A New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland Divided into their Respective Wards, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin et al, published by T Bowles, Robert Sayer, and John Bowles, London, 1760.
image
BO18NY47.jpg
"Longtown / Mar. Th."
blocks, on road, town, market 
item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.10
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774.
image
D4NY36NE.jpg
"LONGTOWN"
blocks, perhaps a church, labelled in block caps; a town with street plan and garden plots 
item:-  Carlisle Library : Map 2
Image © Carlisle Library
evidence:-   old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774.
image
DN04Lngt.jpg
"LONGTOWN"
Labelled in block caps for a market town; street map; the church at Arthuret. 
item:-  Carlisle Library : Map 2
Image © Carlisle Library
evidence:-   old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774.
image
D4NY36NE.jpg
"LONGTOWN"
blocks, perhaps a church, labelled in block caps; a town with street plan and garden plots 
item:-  Carlisle Library : Map 2
Image © Carlisle Library
evidence:-   old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774.
image
DN04Lngt.jpg
"LONGTOWN"
Labelled in block caps for a market town; street map; the church at Arthuret. 
item:-  Carlisle Library : Map 2
Image © Carlisle Library
evidence:-   old map:- Aikin 1790 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, by John Aikin, London, 1790.
image  click to enlarge
AIK3.jpg
"Longtown"
circle; town 
item:-  JandMN : 145
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Bailey 1797
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Map, soil etc, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 21 miles to 1 inch, by J Bailey, engraved by Neele, Strand, published by Messrs Robinson, Paternoster Row and G Nicol, Pall Mall, London, 1797.
image  click to enlarge
BY04.jpg
"Longtown"
group of blocks; town 
item:-  Armitt Library : A680.2
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   road book:- Cary 1798 (2nd edn 1802) 
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Road book, itineraries, Cary's New Itinerary, by John Cary, 181 Strand, London, 2nd edn 1802.
image CY38p267, button  goto source
image  click to enlarge
C38267.jpg
page 267-268  "Longtown - Graham's Arms"
market town 
image CY38p269, button  goto source
image  click to enlarge
C38269.jpg
page 269-270  "INNS. ... Longtown, Graham's Arms. ..."
image CY38p283, button  goto source
image  click to enlarge
C38283.jpg
page 283-284  "Longtown - Graham's Arms"
post office 
image CY38p285, button  goto source
image  click to enlarge
C38285.jpg
page 285-286  "INNS. Longtown, Graham's Arms. ..."
image CY38p337, button  goto source
image  click to enlarge
C38337.jpg
page 337-338  "To Longtown, p.283"
market town, post office 
item:-  JandMN : 228.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Cooke 1802
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Map, Cumberland, scale about 15.5 miles to 1 inch, by George Cooke, 1802, bound in Gray's New Book of Roads, 1824, published by Sherwood, Jones and Co, Paternoster Road, London, 1824.
image  click to enlarge
GRA1Cd.jpg
"Longtown / 308"
blocks, upright lowercase text; town, distance from London 
item:-  Hampshire Museums : FA2000.62.2
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Laurie and Whittle 1806
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Road map, Continuation of the Roads to Glasgow and Edinburgh, scale about 10 miles to 1 inch, by Nathaniel Coltman? 1806, published by Robert H Laurie, 53 Fleet Street, London, 1834.
image  click to enlarge
Lw21.jpg
"Longtown 310¼"
market town; distance from London; travellers supplied with post horses or carriages 
item:-  private collection : 18.21
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Capper 1808
placename:-  Longtown
item:-  population; market; fair
source data:-   Gazetteer, A Topographical Dictionary of the United Kingdom, compiled by Benjamin Pitts Capper, published by Richard Phillips, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, 1808; published 1808-29.
image CAP133, button  goto source
"..."
"LONGTOWN, a township in the parish of Arthuret, Eskdale ward, Cumberland, 7 miles from Carlisle, and 310 from London; it contains 176 houses and 1335 inhabitants, of whom 648 were employed in various trades and manufactures. Longtown lies on the borders of Scotland, near the conflux of the Esk and Liddel. It has a good charity school, with a market on Thursday. Fairs Thursday after Whitsunday, Thursday after Martinmas, and 22d of November. At the north end of the town is a good stone bridge over the river Esk. The houses are built in the modern stile, and the streets are regular and spacious. It is the property of sir James Graham. - Housman's Tour in Cumberland."
"..."
evidence:-   old map:- Cooper 1808
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 10.5 miles to 1 inch, drawn and engraved by Cooper, published by R Phillips, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, 1808.
image  click to enlarge
COP3.jpg
"Longtown"
circle; village or hamlet 
item:-  JandMN : 86
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Wallis 1810 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Road map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 16 miles to 1 inch, by James Wallis, 77 Berwick Stree, Soho, London, 1810.
image  click to enlarge
WL13.jpg
"Longtown"
town 
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2009.81.10
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Gents Mag
placename:-  Longton
item:-  rebellion, 1745; 1745 Rebellion
source data:-   Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922.
image G819A506, button  goto source
Gentleman's Magazine 1819 part 1 p.506 
From the Compendium of County History:-  "1745. Near Longton, Nov. 8, advanced guard of Prince Charles Stuart's army entered Cumberland. ..."
evidence:-   old map:- Hall 1820 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 21 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Sidney Hall, published by S Leigh, 18 Strand, London, 1820-31.
image  click to enlarge
HA14.jpg
"Longtown / 319"
circle, upright lowercase text; town; distance from London 
item:-  JandMN : 91
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Greenwood 1824
placename:-  Long Town
source data:-   Map, engraving, Map of the County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, etc, by Christopher and John Greenwood, published by George Pringle jnr, 70 Queen Street, Cheapside, London, 1823.
image
gw12lngt.jpg
"LONG TOWN"
street map; labelled in block caps for a market town; the church is at Arthuret. 
item:-  National Library of Scotland : EME.b.3.11
Image © National Library of Scotland
evidence:-   old map:- Cobbett 1832
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 20 miles to 1 inch, by William Cobbett, 11 Bolt Court, Fleet Street, London, 1832.
image  click to enlarge
COB5.jpg
"Longtown"
dot and circle; town 
item:-  JandMN : 117
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Ford 1839 map
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Lake District of Cumberland, Westmoreland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, and by R Groombridge, 5 Paternoster Row, London, 3rd edn 1843.
image
FD02NY36.jpg
"Longtown"
item:-  JandMN : 100.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old strip map:- Tinsley 1877 (Roads/Cum) 
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Strip map, road map, part of London to Edinburgh via Boroughbridge and Carlisle, including from before Longtown, Cumberland; and into Scotland, published by Tinsley Bros, 8 Catherine Street, Strand, London, 1877.
image  click to enlarge
TLY1M3.jpg
Map pp.37-38 in British High Roads, North and North Eastern Routes. 
printed at top:-  "BRITISH HIGH ROADS. / 37 LONDON TO EDINBURGH, VIA BOROUGHBRIDGE &CARLISLE. 38"
item:-  private collection : 270.5
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Harper 1907
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Guidebook, The Manchester and Glasgow Road, by Charles G Harper, published by Chapman and Hall Ltd, London, 1907.
HP01p157.txt
Page 157:-  "..."
"There are no architectural graces in Longtown. Each house is like its fellow and every street resembles every other street. How then do the strayed revellers, returning home "fou," find the way to their respective domiciles? An attempt to subdue the stark angularity of Longtown, though not to give its streets variety, is seen in the somewhat recent planting of the road with trees."
"Many people suppose the river Esk at Longtown to be the division between England and Scotland. The supposition is reasonable enough, for the actual divisor, the Sark, four miles further on, approaching Springfield, is a very insignificant stream in appearance. The political and social significances of it were, however, of very serious import indeed."
evidence:-   old itinerary:- Johnson 1908 (Roads/Cum) 
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Itinerary, Route 43 in Roads Made Easy by Picture and Pen, Doncaster to Glasgow, through Alston, by Claude Johnson, edited by Lord Montagu, published by The Car Illustrated, 168 Piccadilly, London, 1908.
image  click to enlarge
JS5097.jpg
pp.93-97 in the road book, Roads Made Easy by Picture and Pen, vol.3. 
printed at beginning, p.93:-  "ROUTE 43. / DONCASTER via Boroughbridge (43½), Scotch Corner (72½), Barnard Castle (85½), Middleton-in-Teesdale (96½), Alston (118½), Longtown (148½), Gretna (155¼), to GLASGOW (240½)."
item:-  private collection : 268.14
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old itinerary:- Johnson 1908 (Roads/Cum) 
placename:-  Longtown
source data:-   Itinerary, Route 43 reverse in Roads Made Easy by Picture and Pen, Glasgow to Doncaster, through Alston, by Claude Johnson, edited by Lord Montagu, published by The Car Illustrated, 168 Piccadilly, London, 1908.
image  click to enlarge
JS5098.jpg
pp.98-106 in the road book, Roads Made Easy by Picture and Pen, vol.3. 
printed at beginning, p.98:-  "ROUTE 43. Reverse. / GLASGOW via Gretna (85¼), Longtown (92), Alston (122), Middleton-in-Teesdale (144), Barnard Castle (155), Scotch Corner (168), Boroughbridge (197) to DONCASTER 240½)."
image  click to enlarge
JS5099.jpg
item:-  private collection : 268.15
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   market notes:- 
placename:-  Arcwret
item:-  market
source data:-   www.history.ac.uk/cmh/gaz/gazweb2.htmPalmer's Index No.93:: Public Record OfficeOwen: 1792: New Book of Fairs: 1889: Market Rights and Tolls: HM GovernmentBowen, Emanuel &Kitchin, Thomas: 1760: New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland
 Post Office maps
notes:-  
 site of tower or early stone house
Perhaps misinterpreting a map symbol for the town?

Perriam, D R &Robinson, J: 1998: Medieval Fortified Buildings of Cumbria: CWAAS:: ISBN 1 873124 23 6
places:-  
NY37986842 Arran House (Arthuret)
NY37606898 auction room, Longtown (Kirkandrews)
NY37876880 bank, Longtown (Arthuret)
NY37956857 bridge, Longtown (Arthuret)
NY37916876 Bush Hotel (Arthuret) L
NY38066845  (Arthuret)
NY38126872 drain, Longtown (Arthuret)
NY37606925 Longtown Engine Shed (Arthuret)
NY38166866 gas works, Longtown (Arthuret) gone
NY37896872 Globe Tavern (Arthuret) L
NY37926865 Graham Arms (Arthuret) L
NY37956876 house, Longtown (Arthuret)
NY37756889 Longtown Bridge (Arthuret / Kirkandrews) L
NY38036839 Longtown Community Hall (Arthuret)
NY38276876 Longtown Fire Station (Arthuret)
NY377689 Longtown Fold (Kirkandrews)
NY37626891 Longtown Junction (Kirkandrews)
NY38036884 Longtown Police Station (Arthuret)
NY38016872 Longtown Post Office (Arthuret)
NY38286885 Longtown Primary School (Arthuret)
NY37626905 Longtown Station (Kirkandrews)
NY37936871 Longtown: bank (Arthuret)
NY37626893 Cumberland and Dumfriesshire Farmers Mart (Arthuret)
NY38036878 Graham Street (Arthuret)
NY37916870 John Graham Hardware Store (Arthuret)
NY37926872 John R Jefferson Family Butcher (Arthuret)
NY38576917 Lovers Lane (Arthuret)
NY38226877 Mary Street (Arthuret)
NY38046873 Murrays the Printers (Arthuret)
NY38116840 Malls Know (Arthuret) once
NY38026849 Mechanics' Hall (Arthuret)
NY38226853 mill, Longtown (Arthuret) gone?
NY37986848 Nook House (Arthuret) L
NY374689 pillbox, Longtown (Kirkandrews)
NY37686894 pinfold, Longtown (Kirkandrews) gone
NY375689 placename sign, Longtown (Kirkandrews)
NY37666872 railway viaduct, Longtown (Arthuret) gone
NY39246882 Longtown School (Arthuret)
NY37876885 St Andrew's Church (Arthuret) L
NY38166853 toll gate, Longtown (Arthuret) gone
NY38536855 Townend (Arthuret)
NY38016841 war memorial, Longtown (Arthuret)
NY37966859 Longtown Little Bridge (Arthuret)
NY38036907 Powdrake Bridge (Arthuret)
NY38066838 milestone, Arthuret (3) (Arthuret) L
NY38886697 milestone, Arthuret (6) (Arthuret) L
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