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Hartley Castle, Hartley
out of sight
Hartley Castle
locality:-   Hartley
civil parish:-   Hartley (formerly Westmorland)
county:-   Cumbria
locality type:-   castle
locality type:-   park (?) 
coordinates:-   NY78250820
1Km square:-   NY7808
10Km square:-   NY70

photograph
CEQ34.jpg  Site, from the railway viaduct.
(taken 26.2.2016)  
Listed buildings on the site are out of sight.
evidence:-   old map:- OS County Series (Wmd 23 15) 
placename:-  Hartley Castle
source data:-   Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
evidence:-   old map:- Saxton 1579
placename:-  Hartley Castle
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorlandiae et Cumberlandiae Comitatus ie Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 5 miles to 1 inch, by Christopher Saxton, London, engraved by Augustinus Ryther, 1576, published 1579-1645.
image
Sax9NY70.jpg
Building with two towers, symbol for a castle.  "Hartley cast:"
Castle, and a park, fence palings, trees. 
item:-  private collection : 2
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Mercator 1595 (edn?) 
placename:-  Hartley Castle
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorlandia, Lancastria, Cestria etc, ie Westmorland, Lancashire, Cheshire etc, scale about 10.5 miles to 1 inch, by Gerard Mercator, Duisberg, Germany, 1595, edition 1613-16.
image
MER5WmdA.jpg
"Hartley ca."
circle, building/s, tower, tinted red 
item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.3
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Speed 1611 (Wmd) 
placename:-  Hartley Castle
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, The Countie Westmorland and Kendale the Cheif Towne, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, 1610, published by George Humble, Popes Head Alley, London, 1611-12.
image
SP14NY70.jpg
"Hartley cast."
circle, towers, and tree symbols in a ring of fence palings for the park 
item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.5
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Jansson 1646
placename:-  Hartley Castle
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumbria and Westmoria, ie Cumberland and Westmorland, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Jansson, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1646.
image
JAN3NY70.jpg
"Hartley cast."
Ring of fence palings with trees; buildings and tower with flag. 
item:-  JandMN : 88
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Jansson 1646
placename:-  Hartley Castle
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumbria and Westmoria, ie Cumberland and Westmorland, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Jansson, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1646.
image
JAN3NY70.jpg
"Hartley cast."
Ring of fence palings with trees; buildings and tower with flag. 
item:-  JandMN : 88
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Sanson 1679
placename:-  Hartley Castle
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Ancien Royaume de Northumberland aujourdhuy Provinces de Nort, ie the Ancient Kingdom of Northumberland or the Northern Provinces, scale about 9.5 miles to 1 inch, by Nicholas Sanson, Paris, France, 1679.
image  click to enlarge
SAN2Cm.jpg
"Hartley C."
circle, two towers, flag; castle 
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.15
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Morden 1695 (Wmd) 
placename:-  Hartley Castle
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorland, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, published by Abel Swale, the Unicorn, St Paul's Churchyard, Awnsham, and John Churchill, the Black Swan, Paternoster Row, London, 1695.
image
MD10NY70.jpg
"Hartley Castle"
Circle, outside a park - ring of fence palings, trees. 
item:-  JandMN : 24
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old print:- Buck 1739
placename:-  Harcla Castle
item:-  attainder; treason; licence to crenellate
source data:-   Print, uncoloured engraving, The East View of Harcla Castle, in the County of Westmorland, Hartley Castle, Hartley, Westmorland, drawn and engraved by Samuel and Nathaniel Buck, published 1739.
image  click to enlarge
BU0221.jpg
printed, top  "THE EAST VIEW OF HARCLA-CASTLE, IN THE COUNTY OF WESTMORLAND."
printed, bottom  "THIS Castle was ye Seat of Andrew de Harcla El. of Carlisle, who was attainted of High Treason & executed 16 Edwd. II. upon whose forfeiture the Castle & Manor of Harcla were granted by K. Edwd. II. to Sr. Hugh de Lowther Kt. for Life, ye Reversion to Sr Thos. de Rokeby & his heirs, under ye Yearly Rent of 100 Shillings; Sr. Thomas de Rokeby sold his Reversion to Ranulph de Nevill Lord of Raby & his Heirs; wch. Ranulph sold it to Sr. Thos. de Musgrave Kt. & his Heirs. K. Edwd. III. in the 20th. Year of his Reign, in consideration of ye great Services done to him in his Wars with Scotland, by the said Thos. confirm'd to him and his Heirs the Manor of Harcla, and remitted the Rent of 100 Shillings. This Sr. Thomas de Musgrave the 27th Edwd. III. by special License from that King, rebuilt & fortified this Castle, wch. hath remain'd in ye Possession of his Descendants ever since. / Saml. &Nathl. Buck delin: et Sculp: Publish'd according to Act of Parliamt. March 26. 1739."
item:-  Armitt Library : 1959.67.21
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Badeslade 1742
placename:-  Hartley Castle
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, A Map of Westmorland North from London, scale about 10 miles to 1 inch, with descriptive text, by Thomas Badeslade, London, engraved and published by William Henry Toms, Union Court, Holborn, London, 1742.
image  click to enlarge
BD12.jpg
"Hartley Cast"
circle, italic lowercase text; castle 
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.62
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Simpson 1746 map (Wmd) 
placename:-  Hartley Castle
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Westmorland, scale about 8 miles to 1 inch, printed by R Walker, Fleet Lane, London, 1746.
image
SMP2NYQ.jpg
"Hartley Castle"
Building and a park. 
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.59
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Bowen and Kitchin 1760
placename:-  Martley Castle
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, A New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland Divided into their Respective Wards, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin et al, published by T Bowles, Robert Sayer, and John Bowles, London, 1760.
image
BO18NY71.jpg
"Martley Cas"
circle, tower, and outline of fence palings 
item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.10
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Jefferys 1770 (Wmd) 
placename:-  Hartley Castle
source data:-   Map, 4 sheets, The County of Westmoreland, scale 1 inch to 1 mile, surveyed 1768, and engraved and published by Thomas Jefferys, London, 1770.
image
J5NY70NE.jpg
"Hartley Castle / Sr: Phil: Musgrove Bart."
building with towers; castle 
item:-  National Library of Scotland : EME.s.47
Image © National Library of Scotland
evidence:-   old text:- Pennant 1773
placename:-  Harcla Castle
item:-  Battle of Boroughbridge; attainder; execution
source data:-   Book, A Tour from Downing to Alston Moor, 1773, by Thomas Pennant, published by Edward Harding, 98 Pall Mall, London, 1801.
image PEN6p127, button  goto source
Pennant's Tour 1773, page 127  "... and Isabella to Roger eldest son of Clifford. On a partition of their fortunes, Harcla-castle, among other places, fell to the last. This was the Clifford slain in the attempt to pass the Menai into Caernarvonshire, on the invasion of Wales by Edward I. On the attainder of his grandson Roger for adhering to the faction of the Earl of Lancaster, this place, with several others in these parts, was granted by Edward II. to Sir Andrew de Harcla, originally of an obscure family, which took its name from the manor and castle of Hartley or Harcla, in this parish. The rise and fall of Sir Andrew were equally rapid. He was high in favour with Edward II. was appointed Lord of the Marches, Sheriff of the county of Westmoreland, and Governor of the city of Carlisle, an honour he had also enjoyed in the preceding reign. Hearing of the march of the Earl of Lancaster, towards the north, to favour an invasion of the Scots, he suddenly advanced with what forces he could collect, and, posting himself on the banks of the Ouse at Boroughbridge, checked the progress of the rebellious Prince, who at first"
image PEN6p128, button  goto source
Pennant's Tour 1773, page 128  "attempted to corrupt Harcla by bribes, after a repulse he met with in endeavouring to pass a ford at a small distance from the town. Finding Harcla firm to his trust, and hearing that Humphrey de Bohun, earl of Hereford, was slain in a valiant effort to pass over the bridge, then made of wood, he lost all courage, was taken in a chapel in the town, and, seized with a prophetic spirit, predicted to Sir Andrew his ignominious end. Harcla, on this, was loaded with honours; was created Earl of Carlisle, with remainder to the male heirs of his body, the first instance of the kind known; and was besides rewarded with most considerable grants. He did not enjoy his good fortune above a twelve-month; for, in 1323, envying the favour shewn by his master to the D'Espensers, he most ungratefully confederated with the Scots, and, entering into a league with Robert Bruce, bound himself by writing and by oath to maintain Robert and his heirs on the throne of Scotland. It is highly suspected that he favoured the inroad of the Scots into Yorkshire, where Edward was very nearly taken at the abbey of Byland. Harcla was suddenly seized by Henry Fitzhugh by order of the King, and very shortly brought to trial, condemned to suffer the death of a traitor in all its rigour, after being formally degraded, by having his sword taken from his side, and his spurs chopped from his heels, the an-"
image PEN6p129, button  goto source
Pennant's Tour 1773, page 129  "[an]cient penalty of recreant knights; all which, on March the second, was instantly executed at Carlisle."
"Scarcely a wreck is left of the castle, which stood on an eminence above the village of Hartley. On the attainder of the Earl of Carlisle, the manor was granted to Ralph Nevil baron of Raby, who sold it to Thomas de Musgrave, in the posterity of whom it still continues. The castle was enlarged and improved by Sir Richard Musgrave, Knight of the Bath, and the first Baronet of the name, who died at Naples in 1615. For a long time it was kept in good repair, and with Eden-hall alternately inhabited; but was demolished by the late Sir Christopher Musgrave, who removed the materials to repair his other seat."
evidence:-   old text:- Pennant 1773
placename:-  Harcla Castle
source data:-   Book, A Tour from Downing to Alston Moor, 1773, by Thomas Pennant, published by Edward Harding, 98 Pall Mall, London, 1801.
image PEN6p126, button  goto source
Pennant's Tour 1773, page 126  "The castle of Harcla stood on an eminence at a small distance from Kirkby Stephen. This, and the manor of the same name, as part of the great barony of Westmoreland, was granted by King John to Robert de Veteripont, a most potent baron of Norman descent, who died in great power, and highly trusted in the reign of Henry III. ..."
evidence:-   old text:- Camden 1789
placename:-  Heartley Castle
source data:-   Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
image CAM2P147, button  goto source
Page 147:-  "... the warlike family of Musgrave, of whom t. Edward III. Thomas Musgrave had summons to parliament among the barons; Heartly castle in this neighbourhood was their residence. ..."
evidence:-   old text:- Camden 1789 (Gough Additions) 
placename:-  Harcla Castle
source data:-   Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
image CAM2P157, button  goto source
Page 157:-  "..."
"Harcla castle was granted first to sir Thomas Musgrave on the attainder of Andrew de Harcla earl of Carlisle. It was enlarged."
evidence:-   old map:- Cary 1789 (edn 1805) 
placename:-  Hartley Castle
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Westmoreland, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Cary, London, 1789; edition 1805.
image
CY24NY70.jpg
"Hartley Castle"
house symbol; castle 
item:-  JandMN : 129
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   road book:- Cary 1798 (2nd edn 1802) 
placename:-  Hartley Castle
source data:-   Road book, itineraries, Cary's New Itinerary, by John Cary, 181 Strand, London, 2nd edn 1802.
image CY38p315, button  goto source
image  click to enlarge
C38315.jpg
page 315-316  "Near Kirkby Stephen, on l. is Hartley Castle, Sir John Chardin Musgrave, Bart. ..."
item:-  JandMN : 228.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Gents Mag
item:-  hone stone; horn book; alphabet; abecedary; mould
source data:-   Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922.
image G852A071, button  goto source
Gentleman's Magazine 1852 part 1 p.71  "Sir George Musgrave exhibited, by the hands of the Director, two small slabs of hone-stone, found in the ruins of Hartley Castle, an old seat of the Musgrave family, down to the year 1700. They are engraved with the characters of the alphabet, and contrived for casting abededaries, or miniature horn-books, in lead."
evidence:-   old photograph:- Bell 1880s-1940s
placename:-  Hartley Castle
source data:-   Photograph, Hartley Castle, Foundations of a Tower, Hartley, Westmorland, by Herbert Bell, photographer, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1894.
image  click to enlarge
HB0025.jpg
Vol.1 no.25 in an album, Examples of Early Domestic and Military Architecture in Westmorland, assembled 1910. 
ms at bottom:-  "25. / Hartley Castle, Foundations of a Tower. Hartley Stephen. E."
item:-  Armitt Library : 1958.3165.25
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old print:- Taylor 1892
placename:-  Hartley Castle
source data:-   Print, sketch plan of Hartley Castle, Hartley, Westmorland, published for the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, by Titus Wilson, Kendal, Westmorland, and by Charles Thurnam and Sons, Carlisle, Cumberland, 1892.
image  click to enlarge
TY5025.jpg
Tipped in opposite p.160 of The Old Manorial Halls of Cumberland and Westmorland, by Michael Waistell Taylor. 
item:-  Armitt Library : A785.25
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   text:- Curwen 1913
placename:-  Harcla
item:-  licence to crenellate
source data:-   Book, The Castles and Fortified Towers of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire North of the Sands, by John F Curwen, published for the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society by Titus Wilson, Kendal, Westmorland, 1913.
Licence to crenellate granted by Edward III; 4 October 1353:-  "Thomas de Musgrave ... mansum manerii ... Harcla, Westmorland ..."
evidence:-   database:- Listed Buildings 2010
source data:-  
courtesy of English Heritage
"RUINS OF FORMER CASTLE TO NORTH OF FARMHOUSE / / / HARTLEY / EDEN / CUMBRIA / II / 73337 / NY7825508254"
source data:-  
courtesy of English Heritage
"Remains of mid C14 castle, demolished early C18. Stone. Apart from earthworks, only a part of the vaulted cellar to the former kitchen survives, now (1983) used as a store."
evidence:-   old print:- Dodsley 1764
placename:-  Hartley Castle
source data:-   Print, engraving, Hartley Castle, Westmorland, drawn by B Ralph, engraved by J Ryland, published by R and J Dodsley, Pall Mall, London, 1763-64.
image  click to enlarge
DOD1E1.jpg
"... HARTLEY CASTLE ..."
item:-  JandMN : 120.2
Image © see bottom of page

photograph
CEQ35.jpg  Farm on the site (not listed)
(taken 26.2.2016)  
photograph
CEQ36.jpg  Farm on the site (not listed)
(taken 26.2.2016)  
notes:-  
 site of 14th century tower etc, demolished

Perriam, D R &Robinson, J: 1998: Medieval Fortified Buildings of Cumbria: CWAAS:: ISBN 1 873124 23 6; plan and illustrations
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