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Westmorland
Pages 147-167 are Westmorland.
Page 147:-
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Westmorland
CAMDEN
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WESTMORLAND.
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[ ]
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Westmorland, extent
placename, Westmorland
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AT the extremity of Lancashire more to the north is another
small tract of the Brigantes, called by Latin writers
Westmorlandia, by us Westmoreland, and by some
later writers Westmaria [a]; bounded on the west and
north by Cumberland, on the east by the counties of York and
Durham. It has its name in our language from its lying
intirely among high mountains (our Apennines extending
themselves still further here in breadth), and for the
greater part waste; desart tracts capable of little
improvement from cultivation being called in the north of
England Mores, and West-more-land meaning
nothing more with us than a waste country to the
West. Let us therefore banish from the school of
venerable antiquity that idle dream about king Marius, whom
our sleepy historians fancied to have subdued the Picts, and
left his name to this county.
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[ ]
CONCANGIOS. The Forces. Levens.
Betham.
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The southern part of this county, which is contracted in a
narrow space between the river Lone and Winander
mere is reckoned very fruitful in the vales, though it
has its rough and slippery craggs, and is comprehended under
the general name of The Barony of Kendale, or
Candale, q.d. the Valley on the Can, a river
which runs over rocks through this valley, and gives name to
it, on whose western banks is the populous town of
Candale [b] or Kirkeby Candale, q.d. the
church in the valley on the Can, with two long streets
intersecting each other, and eminent for its woollen
manufacture, and the industry of its inhabitants, who carry
on a great trade in woollen cloth all over England, and
esteem it their highest honour that they have had barons and
earls of their own. The first of these are descended from
Ivo Taleboys, of whose posterity William by leave of
Henry II. styled himself William of Lancaster, whose
niece [c] and heiress married Gilbert Fitz Roger Fitz
Reinfrid, by whose daughters [d] on the death of his
son William, the estate passed to Peter Brus second
lord of Skelton of that Christian name, and William
Lindesay, from whom Ingelram lord of Coucy in
France derived his descent by the mother's side as we find
in the history of Forness abbey. By a daughter [e] of this
Peter Brus, sister and heir of Peter Brus the 3d, this
barony came to the Rosses of Werke, and from
them this honour devolved by inheritance on the Parrs
[f], whose castle overagainst the town is now decaying with
age. I find three earls, John duke of Bedford, so created by
his brother king Henry V. [g] John [h] duke of Somerset and
John de Foix of the illustrious family of Foix in
France, whom Henry VI. advanced to this dignity for his
faithful services in the French wars [i]; whence it probably
comes that some of this family of Foix in France are still
called Candale. I know no other claim that Kendal has
to antiquity. I once, indeed, imagined that it was the Roman
station CONCANGIOS, but time has better informed me. Lower
down in the river Can are two falls, down which the water
rushes with great noise, one at the little town of
Levens, the other more to the south near
Betham, which are certain prognostics of weather to
the neighbourhood. For, when the northernmost makes a loud
noise they expect fair weather, and when the southernmost
does the same rain and fogs. These are in the south and
narrower part of this county, bounded on the west by the
river Winster and that spacious lake beforementioned
Winandermere; on the east by the river Lone or
Lune [k].
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Ambleside.
AMBOGLANA
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Amboglana
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At the upper point of Winandermere lies the carcase [i] as
it were of an antient city with great ruins of walls and of
buildings without the walls still remaining scattered about.
It was of an oblong form defended by a fosse and vallum, in
length 132 ells and in breadth 80. The British bricks, the
mortar mixed with fragments of bricks, the small urns, glass
vessels, Roman coins frequently found, round stone like
mill-stones, of which piled on one another pillars were
formerly made, and the paved roads leading to it plainly
bespeak it a Roman work. Its antient name indeed is lost
unless as it is at present called Ambleside any one
should suppose it the AMBOGLANA of the Notitia.
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Lone r. Lonsdale.
Kirkby Lonsdale. Eden r. ITUNA.
Pendragon c. Wharton hall. Kirkby
Stephen. Musgrave. Heartley c.
VERTERAE.
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Lune, River
Lonsdale
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On the east the river Lone serves as a boundary, and
gives its name to the adjacent tract of Lonsdale, q.
d. the valley on the Lone, whose chief town is
Kirkby Lonsdale, to which the neighbouring
inhabitants resort to church and market. Above the source of
the river Lone or Lune the country extends
further, and the hills run out in many windings and
turnings, under which are valleys of a great depth in many
places hollowed like caverns. The noble river Eden,
called by Ptolemy ITUNA, rising in the county of York, first
with a slow stream, but by the influx of rivers gradually
increased, seeks it way among these hills to the north-west
by Pendragon castle, to which time has left nothing
but a name and heap of stones; thence by Wharton
hall, the seat of the barons Wharton, of whom the
first was Thomas, advanced to that title by Henry VIII. and
succeeded by his son of the same name, and he by the present
lord Philip, a most worthy nobleman. It afterwards runs by
St. Stephens, commonly Kirkby Stephen, a noted
market town: and two villages of the name Musgrave
which give name to the warlike family of Musgrave, of
whom t. Edward III. Thomas Musgrave had summons to
parliament [m] among the barons; Heartly castle in
this neighbourhood was their residence. Here the Eden seems
to stop again to unite with other rivulets, on one of which
scarce two miles from the Eden stood VER-
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[a]
William Neuburgh. II. 32.
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[b]
or Kendale. Holland.
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[c]
daughter. Mon. Ang. I. 708. Dugd. Bar. I. 421.
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[d]
Helewise married Peter. (Dugd. Ib. 449.)
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[e]
Margaret. (Dugd. I. 555.)
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[f]
Of whom Sir William Parr was made lord Parr by king Henry
VIII. H.
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[g]
2 Hen.V. (Dugd. Bar. II. 200.)
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[h]
Beaufort, father of Margaret countess of Richmond. Vincent
on Brooke, 477. q. Dug.
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[i]
Dugd. Bar. II. 228.
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[k]
The county reaches beyond the present river. (G.)
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[l]
Of this see before in Lancashire, p.144.
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[m]
24 Ed.III.
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TERAE,
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gazetteer links
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-- Bela Falls
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-- "Eden, River" -- Eden, River
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-- "Musgrave" -- Great Musgrave
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-- "Heartley Castle" -- Hartley Castle
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-- Kendal Castle
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-- "Candale" -- Kendal
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-- "Kendale" -- (Kent Valley)
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-- "Can, River" -- Kent, River
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-- "Kirkby Lonsdale" -- Kirkby Lonsdale
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-- "St Stephen's" -- Kirkby Stephen
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-- Levens Force
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-- "Musgrave" -- Little Musgrave
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-- "Lonsdale" -- Lune Valley
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-- "Pendragon Castle" -- Pendragon Castle
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-- "Amboglana" -- Galava
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-- "Westmorland" -- Westmorland
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-- "Wharton Hall" -- Wharton Hall
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