Old Cumbria Gazetteer

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	Scaleby Castle, Scaleby
	Scaleby Castle
locality:-	Scaleby
civil parish:-	Scaleby (formerly Cumberland)
county:-	Cumbria
locality type:-	castle
coordinates:-	NY44956251
1Km square:-	NY4462
10Km square:-	NY46
	BOB50.jpg (taken 31.8.2007)   BOB51.jpg (taken 31.8.2007)
evidence:-	old map:- OS County Series (Cmd 17 1)  placename:-  Scaleby Castle
source data:-	Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948. "Scaleby Castle" "Castle (Remains of)"
evidence:-	old map:- Saxton 1579 placename:-  Scalbye Castle
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorlandiae et Cumberlandiae Comitatus ie Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 5 miles to 1 inch, by Christopher Saxton, London, engraved by Augustinus Ryther, 1576, published 1579-1645. Sax9NY46.jpg Building with two towers, symbol for a castle.  "Scalbye cast:" item:-  private collection : 2 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Mercator 1595 (edn?)  placename:-  Scalby Castle
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, Northumbria, Cumberlandia, et Dunelmensis Episcopatus, ie Northumberland, Cumberland and Durham etc, scale about 6.5 miles to 1 inch, by Gerard Mercator, Duisberg, Germany, about 1595. MER8CumA.jpg "Scalby ca." circle, building and tower  item:-  JandMN : 169 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Speed 1611 (Cmd)  placename:-  Scalby Castle
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland and the Ancient Citie Carlile Described, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, 1610, published by J Sudbury and George Humble, Popes Head Alley, London, 1611-12. SP11NY46.jpg "Scalby cast." circle, building, tower  item:-  private collection : 16 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	table of distances:- Simons 1635 placename:-  Scalby Castle
source data:-	Table of distances, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, with a thumbnail map, scale about 41 miles to 1 inch, by Mathew Simons, published in A Direction for the English Traviller, 1635.   click to enlarge SIM4.jpg "Scalby Ca: N" and tabulated distances  item:-  private collection : 50.11 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Jansson 1646 placename:-  Scalbye Castle
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumbria and Westmoria, ie Cumberland and Westmorland, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Jansson, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1646. JAN3NY46.jpg "Scalbÿe cast." Buildings and tower with flag.  item:-  JandMN : 88 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Sanson 1679 placename:-  Scalby
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, Ancien Royaume de Northumberland aujourdhuy Provinces de Nort, ie the Ancient Kingdom of Northumberland or the Northern Provinces, scale about 9.5 miles to 1 inch, by Nicholas Sanson, Paris, France, 1679.   click to enlarge SAN2Cm.jpg "Scalby" circle, building and tower, flag; town?  item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.15 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Morden 1695 (Cmd)  placename:-  Scalby Castle
source data:-	Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, 1695, published by Abel Swale, the Unicorn, St Paul's Churchyard, Awnsham, and John Churchill, the Black Swan, Paternoster Row, London, 1695-1715. MD12NY46.jpg "Scalby Cast" Circle, building with two towers.  item:-  JandMN : 90 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Buck 1739 placename:-  Scaleby Castle
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, The North East View of Scaleby Castle, in the County of Cumberland, drawn and engraved by Samuel and Nathaniel Buck, published 1739.   click to enlarge BU0216.jpg printed, top  "THE NORTH-EAST VIEW OF SCALEBY-CASTLE, IN THE COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND." printed, bottom  "THIS Castle wch. is still surrounded with a Mote in very good Order, was built by Richard the Rider, surnam'd Tiliolff, who first possess'd ye manor of Scaleby by the Grant of K. Hen: I. From Him it descended along with ye said Manor, for about Ten Generations unto Robt. Tiliolff, who died in ye Reign of K. Hen. VI. without Issue. Then it came by Marriage of ye Heiress, to ye Pickerings, & afterwds. from Them, by ye like means. to ye Musgrvaes of Hayton in this County, of whom, after it had suffer'd much in ye Civil Wars, it was purchas'd by Richd. Gilpin Esqr. M.D. Grandfather of Richard Gilpin Esqr. ye present Proprietor. / Saml. &Nathl. Buck delin. et Sculp: Publish'd according to Act of Parliamt. March 26. 1739. 1 Carlisle" item:-  Armitt Library : 1959.67.16 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	probably old map:- Badeslade 1742 placename:-  Castle
source data:-	Map, uncoloured engraving, A Map of Cumberland North from London, scale about 11 miles to 1 inch, with descriptive text, by Thomas Badeslade, London, engraved and published by William Henry Toms, Union Court, Holborn, London, 1742.   click to enlarge BD10.jpg "Castle" circle, italic lowercase text; village, hamlet or locality  item:-  JandMN : 115 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	probably descriptive text:- Simpson 1746 placename:-  Scalby
source data:-	Atlas, three volumes of maps and descriptive text published as 'The Agreeable Historian, or the Compleat English Traveller ...', by Samuel Simpson, 1746.   goto source "... Scalby, the Seat of William Glisson, Esq; ..."
evidence:-	old map:- Bowen and Kitchin 1760 placename:-  Scalby Castle
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, A New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland Divided into their Respective Wards, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin et al, published by T Bowles, Robert Sayer, and John Bowles, London, 1760. BO18NY46.jpg "Scalby Cas." circle and line  item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.10 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd)
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774. D4NY46SE.jpg "Castle" large building; a castle and avenue of trees  item:-  Carlisle Library : Map 2 Image © Carlisle Library
evidence:-	old print:- Gilpin 1786 (?edn)  placename:-  Scaleby Castle
source data:-	Print, oval sepia tinted aquatint, Scaleby Castle, Cumberland, by William Gilpin, 1772-74, published by T Cadell and W Davies, Strand, London, 1786.   click to enlarge PR0459.jpg Included in vol.2 opposite p.121 in Observations, Relative Chiefly to Picturesque Beauty, published by T Cadell and W Davies, Strand, London, 1786.  The list of plates in the preface of the book has:-  "XX. A view of Scaleby-castle, in which the old tower, part of the walls, and the bastion, are represented." item:-  Dove Cottage : 2008.107.427 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Gilpin 1786 placename:-  Scaleby Castle
source data:-	Print, aquatint, Scaleby Castle, by William Gilpin, 1772-74   goto source   click to enlarge GLP320.jpg plate opposite vol.2 p.121 in Observations on Picturesque Beauty published by T Cadell and W Davies, Strand, London, 1808.  caption from the list of plates:-  "A view of Scaleby-castle, in which the old tower, part of the walls, and the bastion, are represented." item:-  Armitt Library : A918.20 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old text:- Gilpin 1786 placename:-  Scaleby Castle
source data:-	Book, Observations, Relative Chiefly to Picturesque Beauty, Made in the Year 1772, on Several Parts of England, Particularly the Mountains, and Lakes of Cumberland Westmoreland, by Rev William Gilpin, 1772-74; published 1786-1808.   goto source vol.2 p.121  "..." "About three miles further stand the ruins of Scaleby-castle. This was another of those fortified houses, which are so frequent in this country." "It stands, as castles rarely do, on a flat; and yet, tho it's site be ill adapted to any modes of defence, it has been a place of more than ordinary strength. Rocks, knolls, and bold projecting promontories, on which castles usually stand, suggest various advantages of situation; and generally determine the kind of structure. On a flat, the engineer was at liberty to choose his own. Every part was alike open to assault." "He first drew two circular motes round the spot he designed to fortify: the circumference of the outward circle was about a mile."   goto source vol.2 p.122  "The earth, thrown out of these two motes, which were broad and deep, seems to have been heaped up at the centre, where there is a considerable rise. On this was built the castle, which was entered by two draw-bridges; and defended by a high tower, and a very lofty wall." "At present, one of the motes only remains. The other is filled up; but may still be traced. The castle is more perfect, than such buildings commonly are. The walls are very intire; and great part of the tower, which is square, is still left. It preserved it's perfect form, till the civil wars of the last century; when the castle, in too much confidence of it's strength, shut it's gates against Cromwell, then marching into Scotland; who made it a monument of his vengeance." "..."   goto source vol.2 p.123  "... He has rent the tower, and demolished two of it's sides; the edges of the other two he has shattered into broken lines. The chasm discovers the whole plan of the internal structure - the vestiges of the several stories - the insertion of the arches, which supported them - the windows for speculation; and the breastwork for assault." "The walls of this castle are uncommonly magnificent. They are not only of great height, but of great thickness; and defended by a large bastion; which appears to be of more modern workmanship. The greatest part of them is chambered within, and wrought into secret recesses. A massy portcullis gate leads to the ruins of what was once the habitable part of the castle, in which a large vaulted hall is the most remarkable apartment; and under it, are dark, and capacious dungeons." "The area within the mote, which consists of several acres, was originally intended to support the cattle, which should be driven thither in times of alarm. When the house"   goto source vol.2 p.124  "was inhabited, (whose chearful and better days are still remembered,) this area was the garden; and all around, on the outside of the mote stood noble trees, irregularly planted, the growth of a century. Beneath the trees ran a walk round the castle; to which the situation naturally gave that pleasing curve, which in modern days hath been so much the object of art. This walk might admit of great embellishment. On one hand, it commands the ruins of the castle in every point of view; on the other, a country, which tho flat, is not unpleasing; consisting of extensive meadows, (which a little planting might turn into beautiful lawns,) bounded by lofty mountains." "This venerable pile has now undergone a second ruin. The old oaks and elms, the ancient natives of the scene, are felled. Weeds, and spiry grass have taken possession of the courts, and obliterated the very plan of a garden: while the house itself, (whose hospitable roof deserved a better fate,) is now a scene of desolation. Two wretched families, the only inhabitants of the place, occupied the two ends of the vaulted hall; the fragment of a tattered curtain, reaching half way to"   goto source vol.2 p.125  "the top, being the simple boundary of their respective limits. All the rest was waste: no other part of the house is habitable. The chambers unwindowed, and almost unroofed, fluttered with rags of ancient tapestry, were the haunts of daws, and pigeons; which burst out in clouds of dust, when the doors were opened: while the floors, yielding to the tread, made curiosity dangerous. A few pictures, heir-looms of the wall, which have long deserved oblivion, by I know not what fate, were the only appendages of this dissolving pile, which had triumphed over the injuries of time." "Shakespear's castle of Macbeth could not have been more the haunt of swallows and martins, than this. You see them every where about the ruins; either twittering on broken coins; threading some fractured arch; or pursuing each other, in screaming circles, round the walls of the castle *." "[2.125.*] In this old castle the author of this tour was born, and spent his early youth; which must be his apology for dwelling so long upon it.- Since this description was written, it has, in some degree, been repaired.'"
evidence:-	old text:- Clarke 1787 placename:-  Scaleby Castle
source data:-	Guide book, A Survey of the Lakes of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, written and published by James Clarke, Penrith, Cumberland, and in London etc, 1787; published 1787-93.   goto source Page 105:-  "..." "I do not find any ancient authors mention a castle here [Castlerigg], Speed, who speaks of twenty-five in Cumberland, hath found out every one I ever heard or knew of, except Kirkoswald; how that has escaped him I cannot tell. I shall here put down their names, and, as well as I can, their most ancient owners, and supposed founders." "..."   goto source Page 106:-  "..." "3. SCALEBY. An ancient castle, given by Henry I. to Richard Tyllioff, commonly called the Rider, for his dexterity in horsemanship; he repaired it, and it now belongs to Rowland Stephenson, Esq." "..."
evidence:-	old text:- Camden 1789 placename:-  Scalby Cstle
source data:-	Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.   goto source Page 176:-  "... Scalby, formerly a castle of the Tilliols, a family of renown in these parts, from whom it came to the Pickerings; ..."
evidence:-	old text:- Camden 1789 (Gough Additions)  placename:-  Scaleby Castle item:-  roman altar; altar, roman; inscription, roman; roman inscription
source data:-	Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.   goto source Page 201:-  "..." "Scaleby castle was sold by sir Christopher Pickering's daughter's son by sir Francis Weston to the Musgraves, who rebuilt it 1696, and sold it to the Gilpins, who left it to the Stephensons. Here are preserved five altars. The first, a yellowish stone, found not far from the castle in the river Irthing. Mr. Gilpin refers it with the rest to Cambeck fort, near which that river runs. This is one of the six British altars dedicated to Belatucader, who is either Mars, Apollo, or some other local deity worshipped by the Romanised Britans in these parts. The second, dug up at Cambeck, to be read Soli invicto Sextus Severius Salavator praef. votum solvit lubens merito. The third is inscribed" "DEO COCIDI COH. I. AEL... ......... ......... ... A... VS" "Cocis is some local deity; the last letters may mean praef. votum solvit." "The 4th to Mithras," "DEO SOLI MITR ...... VIS ...... COR ........." "The 5th from Cambeck fort has" "I...... COH. IIII. GALLORVM C P VOLCA. IUS HOSPEIS PR... FEQ." "i.e. Jovi Optimo Maximo cohors 4 Gallorum cui praest Volcatius Hospes praefectus equitum."
evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:-  Civil War
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922.   goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1819 part 1 p.506  From the Compendium of County History:-  "1645. Feb. Scaleby castle taken by --. ..." "..." "1648. ... June 15, Penrith taken by the Parliamentarians under General Lambert, and detachments from his army about the same time took Greystock, Rose, and Scaleby castles, and defeated a body of royalists at Warwick-bridge. -"
evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag 1819
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1816 part 2 p.601  Biographical note from the Compendium of County History:-  "Gilpin, William, divine and tourist, Scaleby Castle, 1724."
evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:-  licance to crenellate
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922.   goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1856 part 2 pp.208-215  Only buildings in Westmorland, Cumberland, etc are transcribed from the pages of lists.  "LICENCES TO CRENELLATE GRANTED BY" "..." "EDWARD II. A.D. 1307. July 8. 1327. Jan. 20." "..." "1. Robertus de Tylliol mansum suum Scaleby, in marchia Scotiae ... Cumbr." "..."
evidence:-	old print:- Taylor 1892 placename:-  Scaleby Castle item:-  door; coat of arms
source data:-	Print, halftone photograph, Scaleby Castle Gateway, Scaleby, Cumberland, published for the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, by Titus Wilson, Kendal, Westmorland, and by Charles Thurnam and Sons, Carlisle, Cumberland, 1892.   click to enlarge TY5078.jpg Tipped in opposite p.344 of The Old Manorial Halls of Cumberland and Westmorland, by Michael Waistell Taylor.  item:-  Armitt Library : A785.78 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	text:- Curwen 1913 item:-  licence to crenellate
source data:-	Book, The Castles and Fortified Towers of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire North of the Sands, by John F Curwen, published for the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society by Titus Wilson, Kendal, Westmorland, 1913. Licence to crenellate granted by Edward II; 24 August 1307:-  "Robertus de Tylliol ... mansum suum ... Scaleby in marchia Scotiae, Cumberland."
evidence:-	old print:- Curwen 1913 placename:-  Scaleby Castle
source data:-	Print, halftone photograph, Scaleby Castle, Outer Gateway, Scaleby, Cumberland, published for the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society by Titus Wilson, Kendal, Westmorland, 1913.   click to enlarge CW0145.jpg Tipped in opposite p.237 of The Castles and Fortified Towers of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire North of the Sands, by John F Curwen.  printed at bottom:-  "SCALEBY CASTLE. / Outer Gateway leading into quadrangle." item:-  Armitt Library : A782.45 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	database:- Listed Buildings 2010 placename:-  Scaleby Castle
source data:-	courtesy of English Heritage "SCALEBY CASTLE / / / SCALEBY / CARLISLE / CUMBRIA / I / 77959 / NY4491062454"
source data:-	courtesy of English Heritage "Castle. Probably late C13, licence to crenellate granted to Sir Robert de Tylliol, 1307; mostly rebuilt in C15, with late C16 wing for Sir Edward Musgrave, altered in late C17 for William Gilpin and remodelled about 1838, probably by Thomas Rickman for the Fawcett family. Oldest work is of red sandstone from the nearby Roman Wall; later work of mixed Roman Wall stone and ashlar, with most recent work of red sandstone ashlar; slate roofs, brick and ashlar chimney stacks. L-shaped buildings with angle curtain wall form roughly a square; circular enclosing moat now filled; remaining water-filled outer moat. 4-storey, single-bay tower house, now in ruins, has 3-storey, 3-bay great hall adjoining to south; projecting 2-storey open roof polygonal curtain tower, adjoins to north-west; north-west facing 2-storey gatehouse, with joining high curtain wall, enclosing small courtyard; south range, at right angles to the great hall, is of 2 periods, that to right 3 storeys and attic, bays and later building left of 3 storeys, 2 bays. Tower house has extremely thick chamfered plinth and chamfered string courses to each floor, chamfered lancet windows. Interior has remains of vaulted lower chamber, with remains of newel staircase in thickness of the wall, all other floors gone and walls in ruins, probably as a result of destruction after 1648 siege. Curtain tower has C15 windows to ground floor and chamfered lancets above; wall probably battlemented but now in ruins. Wall to courtyard has inner gate giving access to tower house. Adjoining gatehouse has round arch entrance with recessed pointed arch. Large angle buttress, with large raised panels above entrance with central recess. Carved stone coat of arms of de Tylliols, to left, and central carved Gilpin arms above entrance. Interior has porters' lodges flanking entrance, with portcullis room above. Great hall has stepped entrance dated 1965. Sash windows with glazing bars and hood moulds were added in 1680's; filled slit vents. Entrance from courtyard has pointed arch. Interior had tunnel vaulted lower chamber. South range has large stepped angle buttresses; building to right of 1567-1606 on earlier foundations has sash windows of 1680's and c1838, with above-eaves gabled dormers; projecting 3-storey bay ends in gabled dormer. Circa 1838 building left has mullioned casement windows with glazing bars and hood moulds, that on ground floor left altered to a French window. End wall has C19 mullioned windows with quatrefoil window in gable angle. Coupled battlemented stone chimney stacks. Rear has courtyard entrance dated 1737 with cartouche of Richard Gilpin. Sash windows with glazing bars and C19 mullioned windows have square leaded panes. Birthplace of the Rev William Gilpin and his brother Sawrey Gilpin. See, Transactions Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian &Archaeological Soc., Vol. XXV, p398-413."
evidence:-	database:- Listed Buildings 2010
source data:-	courtesy of English Heritage "BRIDGE OVER MOAT NORTH EAST OF SCALEBY CASTLE / / / SCALEBY / CARLISLE / CUMBRIA / II / 77961 / NY4495162514"
source data:-	courtesy of English Heritage "Road bridge. Probably C17, repaired at various dates. Dressed red sandstone. Single span, single track bridge of segmental arch with abutments forming side walls of the moat and later brick parapet."
evidence:-	database:- Listed Buildings 2010
source data:-	courtesy of English Heritage "STABLES EAST OF SCALEBY CASTLE / / / SCALEBY / CARLISLE / CUMBRIA / II / 77960 / NY4494962500"
source data:-	courtesy of English Heritage "Stable block. Late C18 and early C19. Red sandstone and brick with sandstone dressings; Welsh slate roof with some sandstone slates. Buildings on 4 sides enclosing cobbled courtyard with wide entrance towards castle. Single storey with lofts above, of numerous bays. Plank doors have flat and round arches. Windows are a mixture of sashes, diamond leaded casements and wooden slat vents. Wall towards castle has been rebuilt in C20 brick with large garage doors."
evidence:-	database:- Listed Buildings 2010
source data:-	courtesy of English Heritage "GATEPIERS AND WALL NORTH OF SCALEBY CASTLE / / / SCALEBY / CARLISLE / CUMBRIA / II / 77962 / NY4490062489"
source data:-	courtesy of English Heritage "Gate piers and wall. Late C17. Brick with sandstone dressings. 2 square brick columns with recessed panels on chamfered sandstone plinth and with sandstone drip mould, chamfered caps with ball finials. High brick wall to left joins castle wall at right angles. Similar wall to right originally enclosed small garden, but now partly demolished and reduced in height."
evidence:-	old print:-  placename:-  Scaleby Castle
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, Scaleby Castle, Cumberland, painted by G Arnald, engraved by J Greig, published by Longman and Co, Paternoster Row, London, 1815.   click to enlarge PR0174.jpg Included in the Border Antiquities of England and Scotland.  printed at bottom:-  "Engraved by J. Greig, from a Painting by G. Arnald A.R.A. after a Drawing by H. Fawcett, Esqr. M.P. for the Border Antiquities of England & Scotland. / SCALEBY CASTLE, / Cumberland. / London. Published Nov. 1. 1815, for the Proprietors by Longman &Co Paternoster Row." item:-  Dove Cottage : 2008.107.174 Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-	old print:- Buck 1739/1837 (edn 1877)  placename:-  Scaleby Castle
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, The North East View of Scaleby Castle, in the County of Cumberland, drawn and engraved by Samuel and Nathaniel Buck, 1739, reprinted by Hudson Scott and Sons, Carlisle, Cumberland, 1877.   click to enlarge BU0109.jpg With descriptive text of 1837.  No.9 in The Castles, Abbeys, and Priories of the County of Cumberland, 1877.  printed at top:-  "THE NORTH-EAST VIEW OF SCALEBY-CASTLE, IN THE COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND." printed at lower left:-  "To Richard Gilpin Esqr: This Prospect is humbly Inscribed by his Oblig'd Servants, Saml. &Nathl. Buck." printed at lower right:-  "THIS Castle wch. is still surrounded with a Mote in very good Order, was built by Richard the Rider, surnam'd Tiliolff, who first possess'd ye Manor of Scaleby by the Grant of K. Hen: I. From him it descended along with ye said Manor, for abut ten Generation unto Robt. Tiliolff, who died in ye Reign of K. Hen: VI. without Issue. Then it came by Marriage of ye Heiress, to ye Pickerings, & afterwds. from Them, by ye like means, to ye Musgraves of Hayton in this County, of whom, after it had suffer'd much in ye Civil Wars, it was purchas'd by Richd. Gilpin Esqr. M.D. Grandfather of Richard Gilpin Esqr. ye present Proprietor. Saml. &Nathl. Buck delin: et sculp: Publish'd according to Act of Parliament March 26. 1739." item:-  JandMN : 178.9 Image © see bottom of page
	BOB52.jpg  A segment of moat. (taken 31.8.2007)
hearsay:-	Licence to crenellate granted 1307; gatehouse 14th century; hall 15th century; modified in 17th century; additions 19th century; etc.
notes:-	tower, curtain wall, gateway, moat
	Perriam, D R &Robinson, J: 1998: Medieval Fortified Buildings of Cumbria: CWAAS:: ISBN 1 873124 23 6; plan and illustrations
	personal
person:-	author; artist; clergyman  : Gilpin, William
place:-	birthplace

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