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start of Cumberland |
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Page 201:-
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Gillesland.
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Gilsland
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Gillesland might also take its name from Hubert de
Vallibus or Vaux, since de Vallibus and Gills
mean the same, or from the river Gelt which runs
through the middle of it. The bottom wherein the brook runs
is the Gill [15]. Its boundary may be seen in Burn, II.
p.479.
The barony of Gillesland which before the Conquest belonged
to Bueth, was granted by Ranulphus de Meschines in the time
of the Conqueror to one Hubert a Norman, who took his name
from it. Gill in this country dialect signifies a
dale or valley, and hence he was styled Hubert
Vaux or de Vallibus. His son Robert is said to
have basely murdered Gills Bueth, the son of Bueth the
antient possessor, in atonement for which he founded
Lanercost abbey; but see hereafter. The heiress of Vaux
married Thomas de Multon, and brought the barony into his
family t. Henry III. and their great great grand daughter
conveyed it in the same manner t. Edward II. to Ranulphus de
Dacre of Dacre castle. In this family it continued till the
death of the last male heir George lord Dacre of Gillesland,
Graystock, and Wemm, who left three sisters coheiresses. In
the partition of the estate this fell to the share of
Elizabeth married to lord William Howard, third son of
Thomas Howard duke of Norfolk, in whose posterity it still
continues [m].
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Brampton.
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Brampton
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The chief residence of the lords of this great barony (ever
since the building of Naworth castle at least) was in
Brampton parish [n]. Here was an hospital founded by
the late earl of Carlisle, Edward Howard, or his countess
1692, and subsisting in Dr. Todd's time, for six poor men
and as many women, but dropped by the late earl or his
father. The chapel however remains in use, the parish church
being desolate and ruinous [o]. Near the town is a large
round hill called the moat, 50 yards high, gently and
gradually tapering from the base to the summit with a trench
or ditch round it at the top [p].
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Scaleby castle.
[Pl.]XIII. [fig.]5. [Fig.]6. [Fig.]7.
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Scaleby Castle
roman inscription
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Scalebycastle was sold by sir Christopher Pickering's
daughter's son by sir Francis Weston to the Musgraves, who
rebuilt it 1696, and sold it to the Gilpins, who left it to
the Stephensons [q]. Here are preserved five altars. The
first, a yellowish stone, found not far from the castle in
the river Irthing. Mr. Gilpin refers it with the rest to
Cambeck fort, near which that river runs [r]. This is one of
the six British altars dedicated to Belatucader, who is
either Mars, Apollo, or some other local deity worshipped by
the Romanised Britans in these parts [s]. The second, dug up
at Cambeck, to be read Soli invicto Sextus Severius
Salavator praef. votum solvit lubens
merito [t]. The third is inscribed
DEO COCIDI
COH. I. AEL ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... A ... VS
Cocis is some local deity; the last letters may mean
praef. votum solvit [u].
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[Fig.]8.
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The 4th to Mithras,
DEO SOLI MITR
... ... VIS
... ... COR
... ... ... [x]
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Fig. 9.
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The 5th from Cambeck fort has
I ... ...
COH. IIII.
GALLORVM
C P VOLCA.
IUS HOSPEIS
PR ... FEQ.
i.e. Jovi Optimo Maximo cohors 4 [x] Gallorum cui praest
Volcatius Hospes praefectus equitum [y].
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Castlesteeds.
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roman fort, Castlesteads
roman inscription
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The fort of Castlesteeds is almost opposite to Brampton, and
stands on the south-east of Cambeck on a rising ground about
a mile from and within the wall. It is an oblong square:
from the south-east front the ground declines to the river
Irthing; on which ground are visible foundations of walls
and streets, but removed for the sake of buildings and
tillage. On the other side is a steep bank, under which the
Cammock beck or Cambeck runs coming from the wall. The
outwalls are for the most part erased, probably to build a
large dwelling-house, which from it takes the name of
Castlesteed, and it still yields good stone of all sizes for
building, most of them black as if the whole building had
been burnt, and great numbers of iron nails, pieces of iron
and brass run into lumps though now mouldering have been
found; also square tiles about an inch thick with a ledge on
one edge to hang them on roofs about 10 inches by 9, and of
a yellow close earth, many earthen vessels of different
shapes and colours broken in digging. The longest sides of
the fort are about four Gunter's chains, and the shortest
about two and an half. There are several foundations of
houses still standing there pretty high but hard to come at
for the bushes. A small cornelian seal was found some years
ago, and several inscriptions, of which Mr. Goodman of
Carlisle sent copies to Mr. Gale [z].
Mr. Goodman had two pieces of cast brass, each 36lb. weight,
found in a peat moss two feet deep adjoining to the Roman
road in Cumberland, supposed heads of a catapulta. Sir
Joseph Aylosse shewed them to the Society of Antiquaries
1736, and a model was made for them in wood [a].
At Cambeck fort or Castlesteeds in Irthington
parish (the only place to which the name of Castlesteeds has
been given, it being the general name given to all the
military castella), Mr. Horsley places VOREDA or PETRIANA of
the Notitia [b]. It is all grown over with wood, yet the
boundaries may be traced. It seems to have been about six
chains square, and is detached from the wall to the south
about 12 chains [c]. To this belong the the ten following
inscriptions:
1. COH
VIIII.
found in the wall near a cottage called Randylands,
more than half way from hence to Burdoswald; the letters
well cut [d].
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[15]
G.
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[m]
Burn, II. 486-488.
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[n]
Burn, II. 486.
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[o]
Ib. 493.
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[p]
Ib. 493.
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[q]
Ib. 457-459.
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[r]
Horsl. Cumb. xxxi. p.260.
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[s]
Archaeol. I. 308-10. III. 101.
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[t]
Horsl. Cumb. xxviii. 258. Gordon, xlvii. p.81.
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[u]
Horsl. Cumb. xvii. 256.
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[x]
Horsl. Cumb. xxix. 259.
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[y]
Horsl. Cumb. xxx. p.260.
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[z]
R. Goodman's letter to R. Gale 1727. Reliq. Gal. p.144.
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[a]
A.S.minutes
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[b]
Horsl. 107.
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[c]
Ib. 154.
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[d]
Horsl. 258. Cumb. xxvi.
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2. CIVI.
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gazetteer links
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-- "Barony of Gillesland" -- Barony of Gilsland
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-- "Cammock Beck" -- Cam Beck
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-- "Gillesland" -- Gilsland
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-- (hospital, Brampton)
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-- "Moat, The" -- Mote, The
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-- "Randylands" -- Randylands
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-- Camboglanna
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-- "Scaleby Castle" -- Scaleby Castle
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