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start of Westmorland |
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Page 159:-
The square inclosure, called the High Burwens, seems
to have been the area of it, containing eight score yards in
diameter, now ploughed and cultivated, and the outer
buildings to have run along the said rivulet, at least as
far as to the fulling mill, or further beyond the Roman way,
and so up the west side of the high street, about 160 yards,
and thence again in a strait line to the west angle of the
said area. In all these places have been found conduits
under ground, vaults, pavements, tiles, and slates with iron
nails in them, foundations of walls both of brick and stone,
coins, altars, urns, and other earthen vessels, Mr. Machel
found 1687 among the foundations a wall made up of four
others of hewn stone, each two foot four inches thick: in
another part an altar inscribed FORTVNAE SERVATRICI: also
some leaden pipes, and a drain through the wall
above-mentioned, and divers arched vaults underground
flagged with stone or paved with bricks about 10 inches
square and two thick, and some a foot square, and two inches
and an half thick. At the lower end of the town he found an
antient well by the side of the Roman road from Appleby to
Carlisle: in it were several urns and fine earthen vessels,
the head of a spear, sandals of leather stuck full of nails
[n]. A few years ago the horn of a moose deer was found
about four feet under ground by the washing away of the bank
near the conflux of the Troutbeck and Eden [o].
It is not worth mentioning that Dr. Gale in his notes on
Nennius, p.133, fancied he found Whallop castle in the
Catguoloph of an old fragment of that writer in the
Cottonian library near Marchontiby, which Mr. Camden
heard of, but which seems now equally unknown.
Kirkby Thor has been supposed to retain the name of the God
Thor, whose figure was thought to be found on a
singular coin late in Mr. Thoresby's Museum. The characters
on the reverse are Runic and were read by Dr. Hickes [p],
Thor gut luntis, and explained by bishop Nicolson
the face of the God Thor, but by Dr. Hickes Thor
the national God, to whom also the moon and stars
concurred to accompany them. But it was much more probably
illustrated by the learned Keder, member of the college of
antiquities at Stockholm, who published a critical essay on
it at Leipsic, 1703, 4to. See also his "Runae in nummis
vetustis [q]," shewing the head to be the figure of our
Saviour, and the inscription, the place, and mint-master's
names Thorgut Luntis, i.e. Thorgut London,
whether of London in England or Lunden in Sweden uncertain.
The cross at the head of the inscription and in the centre
of the reverse are evidently Christian, and Keder produces
other similar coins to this, which so much puzzled all
preceding antiquaries, who, when they had once set up the
idea of the god Thor, tortured every thing to their
system as much as Leibnitz to his, that it was struck by or
for Thurgot, a Danish admiral, who Dithmar says blocked up
London 1016.
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Temple Sowerby.
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Temple Sowerby
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In the parish of Kirkby Thor is Temple Sowerby, so
called from having belonged to the Knights Templars, lately
to the Dalstons [r].
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Howgill castle.
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Howgill Castle
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Howgill castle is the mansion of Milburne
manor. Some of its walls are ten feet and an half thick, and
under it are great arched vaults. In this manor near to a
place called Green castle, a round fort with deep
trenches about it on the south end of Dunfell, was found an
altar inscribed DEO SILVANO [s].
Near Sandford field corner on the right hand of the road
from Warcop towards Appleby, not far from the Roman road are
three or four tumuli: the largest 91 paces in circumference,
the second 86, the next about 40, the last a small one
almost defaced. The largest was cut through 1766, and half a
yard below the summit was found a small urn in a larger,
containing a few white ashes: by it, a little deeper, lay a
sword with a curious carved hilt two feet long and two
inches and an half broad, the haft three inches and a
quarter, and the heads of two spears; fragments of a helmet,
and umbo of a shield three inches and three-quarters
diameter. Below these a great heap of stones piled up
pyramidally, in diameter six or seven yards, concealed a
square place about four feet by two, containing rich black
mould two inches deep, in which were many human bones which
evidently appeared to have been burnt [t]. Near these tumuli
is a small camp with a single trench, and at a small
distance on another hill another of about the same
dimensions [u].
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Burton.
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Burton
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At Burton in Warcop parish was born
Christopher Bainbridge, dean of York, bishop of Durham, and
archbishop of York, who was sent ambassador by Henry VIII.
to the Pope who created him a cardinal: but happening to
strike his steward, the revengeful Italian poisoned him, and
he died and was buried at Rome 1511 [x].
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Maiden way. Market Brough.
Warcop. Ormside hall. Hornby hall.
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Maiden Way
Hart Horn Tree
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The Roman road called the Maiden way passes through a
large camp, where the stone of king Marius formerly stood,
now succeeded by the Rere cross. Thence through Maiden
castle, a small square fort, in which have been found
Roman mortars, quite through Market Brough, over
Brough fair hill, on which are some tumuli, and on which
were found three celts in making the turnpike road. Leaving
on the left Warcop, a pretty village (which gave name
to a family so early as the reign of John, and was
afterwards possessed by the Braithwaits [y]), it passes
along Sandford moor, and down a horse course to
Cowpland beck bridge, where on the right are the
ruined foundations of a noble round tower 40 paces diameter,
opposite to it the site of an hospital [z], and near it on
the left Ormside hall, the seat of the antient family
of its own name, and afterwards that of Hilton [a]. About
100 yards from the village was a castle, whose site is still
called Castle hill [b]. Then by Appleby to the camp
on Crackenthorp moor, through the end of Kirkby Thore
downs, and through Temple Sowerby, a village of the
Dalstons of Acorn bank. Then by the side of Whinfield
forest to Hart-horn tree, which may seem to give name to
Hornby hall, and to have borrowed its own from a stag
which was coursed by a single greyhound to the Red
Kirk in Scotland, and back again to this place, where
both being spent, the stag leapt the pales, and died on the
other side, and the hound, attempting to leap, fell and died
on this side. Both their heads were
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[n]
Machel's letter to Dugdale, Phil. Trans. 1684. Horsl. p.289.
Burn, I. 379, 380.
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[o]
Burn, I. 380.
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[p]
Diff, ad num. Sax. A. Fountaine, p.165.
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[q]
Lips. 1709.
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[r]
Burn, I. 381, 385.
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[s]
Ib. 388.
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[t]
Rev. Mr. Preston's letter to bishop Lyttelton in Ant. Soc.
min. and Burn, I. 609, 610.
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[u]
Burn, I. 610.
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[x]
Ib. 614.
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[y]
Ib. 600-605.
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[z]
Ib. 610.
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[a]
Ib. 513. 517.
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[b]
Ib. 600.
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nailed
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gazetteer links
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-- "Burton" -- Burton
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-- "Cowpland Beck Bridge" -- Coupland Bridge
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-- "Green Castle" -- Green Castle
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-- "Howgill Castle" -- Howgill Castle
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-- "Kirkby Thor" -- Kirkby Thore
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-- "Brovonacae" -- (roman fort, Burwens)
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-- "Maiden Way" -- (roman road 82c, Cumbria)
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-- "Temple Sowerby" -- Temple Sowerby
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-- (tumulus, Warcop)
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-- "Warcop" -- Warcop
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