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roman road 82c, Cumbria
roman road 82
civil parish:-   Brough (formerly Westmorland)
civil parish:-   Brougham (formerly Westmorland)
county:-   Cumbria
locality type:-   roman road
locality type:-   road
evidence:-   perhaps old map:- Stukeley 1723
source data:-   Road map, uncoloured engraving, the Antonine Itineraries through Britain, scale about 55 miles to 1 inch, plotted by William Stukeley, 1723, published London, 1724.
image  click to enlarge
Stu1Cm.jpg
item:-  Hampshire Museums : FA2001.171
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   descriptive text:- Defoe 1724-26
placename:-  
source data:-   Tour through England and Wales, by Daniel Defoe, published in parts, London, 1724-26.
"The Roman highway, which I have so often mentioned, and which, in my last letter, I left at Leeming Lane and Peers Brigg, in the North Riding of York, enters this county from Rear Cross upon Stanmore, and crossing it almost due east and west, goes through Appleby, passing the Eden a little north from Perith, at an antient Roman station call'd Brovoniacum,"
"..."
"Here [Carlisle] also the great Roman highway, ... has its end, this being the utmost station of the Roman soldiers on this side."
evidence:-   old text:- Pennant 1773
source data:-   Book, A Tour from Downing to Alston Moor, 1773, by Thomas Pennant, published by Edward Harding, 98 Pall Mall, London, 1801.
image PEN6p138, button  goto source
Pennant's Tour 1773, page 138  "I traversed Sandford-heath, over which runs the Roman road, which is continued through the county from Brougham ..."
evidence:-   old text:- Camden 1789 (Gough Additions) 
source data:-   Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
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Page 151:-  "The great Roman road passed through this county from Stanemore to Brougham castle, and till the turnpike road was made it was very conspicuous almost the whole length of its course, six yards broad, formed of three courses of large square stones, (the lowermost largest) or of gravel and flint as materials varied. ..."
evidence:-   old text:- Camden 1789 (Gough Additions) 
placename:-  Maiden Way
source data:-   Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
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Page 159:-  "..."
"The Roman road called the Maiden way passes through a large camp, where the stone of king Marius formerly stood, now succeeded by the Rere cross. Thence through Maiden castle, a small square fort, in which have been found Roman mortars, quite through Market Brough, over Brough fair hill, ... Leaving on the left Warcop, a pretty village ... it passes along Sandford moor, and down a horse course to Cowpland beck bridge, where on the right are the ruined foundations of a noble round tower 40 paces diameter, ... Then by Appleby to the camp on Crackenthorp moor, through the end of Kirkby Thore downs, and through Temple Sowerby, a village of the Dalstons of Acorn bank. Then by the side of Whinfield forest to Hart-horn tree, ..."
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Page 160:-  "..."
"... From hence the road goes due west to the Countess pillar, ..."
"From hence the road carries us to Brougham castle, to Lowther bridge, and so over Emot into Cumberland."
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