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start of Cumberland |
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Page 187:-
Here also was found a small bronze Mercury, or Victory,
which came into the hands of John Aglionby, esq; a curious
preserver of such things [11]. Dr. Gale [n] make Blatum
Bulgium and Castra Exploratorum the same, and adds in an MS.
note on his Itinerary, that when he was at Carlisle 1725 he
was told by Mr. Goodman, who had seen them, that there were
beyond Boulness ad occasum aestivum the ruins of
three castra exploratoria, which commanded all Solway frith.
Mr. Horsley puts GABROSENTUM at Drumburgh [o], where
is a fort about five chains square, the ramparts large, and
the ditch very deep. Abundance of stones have been taken out
of it, and it is probable the house and garden walls were
built of them, whence, and not from its form, it has the
name of castle. the inscriptions here are already recited
p.186 [p]. It belonged in bishop Gibson's time to Mr.
Aglionby before-mentioned.
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Boulness.
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Hadrian's Wall
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"Bolnes is at the poynt or playne of the river of
Edon, where is a little poor steple as a fortelet for a
brunt, and it is on the higher side of the river of Edon,
about a eight miles from Cair Luel. About this Bolnesse is
part of the Pict wal evidently remaining, and it may be
supposed that it is called Bolnes, as who should say the
Wal Yee, or poynt, or end [q]."
Mr. Routh in a letter to Mr. Gale, dated Nov. 1, 1741, says,
"the altar at Boulness was found about two years and a half
ago in some adjacent grounds belonging to one Mr. Lawson,
who placed it over a barn door fronting the street where it
now remains. There seems to be an oblique stroke under the
P. in posuit, which has occasioned all the copies I
have seen to give it PROSUIT, but the late marks of masons'
tools on it will account for that. The H in COH is
scarce legible, nor could I perceive the least signs of
numerals after it, though there is room enough. The altar
may be about 18 inches high, and 12 broad: the letters much
worn, but of the Lower Empire cut." The following copy of it
was taken 1739 for sir John Clerk by the schoolmaster of the
place on a ladder 16 feet high, it being then built up in a
new chapel belonging to Mr. Lawson.
I. O. M.
PRO SALVTE
D. D. N. N. GALLI
ET VOLVSIANI
AVGG SVLICIVS
SECVNDINVS
US. TRIB CO
R. POSVIT.
Sir John adds 1739 in his letter to Mr. Gale; "The station
has been a large square, fortified with ditches faced with
square stones, but only an old square vault remains. Several
walls are here very visible for a mile or two, in some
places levelled, in others eight, nine, and ten feet high.
The facing square stones, of which 1000 cart loads remain
that have not been used for houses or hedges. These were
probably brought from the Caledonian side, where the county
abounds for several miles with it and limestone. The inside
is generally irregular, and sometimes in the herring bone
fashion: the cement a mixture of lime and small gravel, with
some shells beat together, and poured in with water from the
top till the interstices were filled up. I have followed
this method, which effectually keeps out air. I cannot think
this Tunnocelum, but Blatum Bulgium, which has the greatest
affinity with Boulness, nor that the Roman wall, very
conspicuous near this place, run further into the sea, but
rather ended there, the sea having in the Roman time run
higher by several feet than now, for even at Cramond, four
miles above Leith, was a Roman harbour, where the sea
sometimes washes [r]." Mr. Gilpin gave the Society of
Antiquaries, 1740, an account of this altar then built up in
Mr. Lawson's barn at Carlisle.
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Drumburgh.
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Drumburgh
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"At Drumburgh the lord Dakers father builded upon old
ruines a prety pile for defens of the country. It is almost
in the middle way betwixt Bolnes and Burgh. The stones of
the Pict wall were pulled down to build it, for the wall is
very nigh it [s]."
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Burgh on Sands.
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roman fort, Burgh by Sands
Axelodunum
roman inscription
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Burgh on Sands is supposed by Horsley [t] to be
Axelodunum. The station has been a little east of the
church near what is called the Old Castle, where are
manifest remains of its west rampart, six chains long, and
Severus' wall seems to have formed the northernmost. Stones
with lime are frequently plowed up there, and urns. Here is
an illegible insciption [u], two plain altars, and a large
stone chest in the church-yard, and a coffin. About a
quarter of a mile west in Watchfull field has been a
castellum, where quantities of stones have been dug up, and
a pavement struck upon near the wall [x]. An altar
inscribed,
DEO
BELA
TVCA
was dug up in the vicar's garden [y]; the 5th to that deity
in England. Another inscription published in Gent. Mag. Aug.
1749, p.367, runs thus:
ALA TVN P. PO.
S: CENSORVVS
SALVTE SVA
ES [ET] POS.
On the spot where Edward I died, the memory of which event
was preserved by some great stones rolled on it, is erected
a handsome square pillar nine yards and an half high with
this inscription in Roman capitals on the west side:
Memoriae aeternae Edvardi I. regis Angliae longe
clarissimi, qui in belli apparatu contra Scotos occupatus
hic in castris obiit 7 Julii A.O. 1307.
On the south,
Nobilissimus princeps Henricus Howard dux Norfolciae
comes mareshall. Angliae, comes Arund. &c. ... ... ab
Edvardo I. rege Angliae oriundus. P. 1685.
On the north,
Johannes Aglionby J.C.F.C. i.e. juris consultus fieri
curavit.
"Burgh yn the sand standeth a mile off from the hither bank
of Edon. It is a village by the which remain the ruins of a
great place, now clene desolated, where king Edward the
first died. Burgh
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[11]
G.
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[n]
P. 34,35.
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[o]
P. 109. 157.
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[p]
Burn, II. 214. Cumb. lvi. lvii.
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[q]
Lel. VII. 69. Burn, II. 242.
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[r]
Baron Clerk's Letter in Reliq. Galeanae, p.329,330.
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[s]
Lel. VII. 69. Burn, II. 212.
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[t]
P. 109.
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[u]
Horsl. Cumb. xiii.
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[x]
Ib. p.156. 266.
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[y]
Archaeol. I. 308.
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"stondith
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gazetteer links
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-- "Boulness" -- Bowness-on-Solway
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-- "Burgh on Sands" -- Burgh by Sands
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-- Drumburgh Castle
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-- Edward I Monument
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-- Hadrian's Wall
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-- Milecastle 72
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-- "Tunnocelum" -- Maia
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-- "Axelodunum" -- Aballava
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-- "Gabrosentum" -- Concavata
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