Old Cumbria Gazetteer

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	placename:-	Black Combe
	parish	Whicham parish, once in Cumberland
	county:-	Cumbria
		hill
	Altitude	1969 feet
	coordinates:-	SD135855
	10Km square:-	SD18
	1Km square	SD1385
		Black Combe -- Whicham -- Cumbria / -- 11.5.2006
		Black Combe -- Whicham -- Cumbria / -- From White Combe. -- 27.5.2012
	old map:-	OS County Series (Cmd 88 1)
		County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
	placename:-	Black Combe
		locality
	date:-	1890=1899
	period:-	19th century, late; 1890s
	descriptive text:-	Clarke 1858
		Report, Account of the Observations and Calculations of the Principal Triangulation, by Captain Alexander R Clarke, published by the Ordnance Survey, London, 1858.
		BLACK COMB, 1841, is a large rocky hill in the parish of Whitbeck, in the county of Cumberland. The station is on top of the hill, and is marked by a pile of stones 14.5 feet high and 50 feet in circumference, erected above a centre stone with a hole in it 4 inches deep and an inch in diameter. The station was restored in 1852.
		BLACK COMB 2-ft. Theodolite From 31st August to 29th October 1841. Observer: Lieut. DA COSTA, R.E.
		Objects / Bearings in degrees, minutes and decimal seconds.
		Snowdon / 20 46 45.34
		South Berule / 82 42 22.61
		Snea Fell / 90 56 40.86
		North Berule / 93 24 58.62
		Cairnsmuir of Fleet / 141 4 37.06
		Merrick / 143 38 30.78
		Ben Cairn / 151 3 28.87
		Cairnsmuir on Deugh / 153 14 10.25
		Dent Hill / 159 23 6.89
		Criffel / 165 49 5.89
		Sca Fell / 199 9 18.04
		Little Whernside / 272 47 13.12
		Ingleboro' / 279 7 41.59
		Pendle Hill / 302 [17] 49.00
		Whittle Hill / 312 54 35.48
		Beryl / 337 54 38.61
		Altitude above mean sea level:-
		1974.3 feet
		Position, latitude and longitude, degrees minutes decimal seconds
		54 15 27.52 / 3 19 37.06
	placename:-	Black Comb
	other name:-	Blackcomb
	Altitude	1974.3 feet
	date:-	1858
	period:-	19th century, late; 1850s
	source:-	Martineau 1855
		Guide book, A Complete Guide to the English Lakes, by Harriet Martineau, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, and by Whittaker and Co, London, 1855; published 1855-71.
		Page 57:-
		... What mountain shall it be? He might go up Blackcombe, on his way to or from Furness: and from thence he might see, in fair weather, as Wordsworth tells us, "a more extensive view than from any other point in Britain," - seven English counties, and seven
		Page 58:-
		Scotch, a good deal of Wales, the Isle of Man, and in some lucky moment, just before sunrise (as the Ordnance surveyors say) the coast of Ireland. This is very fine; but it is hardly what is looked for in the lake district,- the sea being the main feature. ...
		...
		Page 107:-
		... Tourists who desire to ascend Blackcombe, should do it from hence [Broughton in Furness],- the summit being only six miles from Broughton; and guides are here to be procured. Wordsworth says of this mountain that "its base covers a much greater extent of ground than any other mountain in those parts; and, from its situation, the summit commands a more extensive view than any other point in Britain." One would think that this testimony, and Col. Mudge's information that, when residing on Blackcombe for surveying purposes, he more than once saw Ireland before sunrise, would bring strangers to try their luck in seeing Scotland, Staffordshire, and Ireland, from the same point: but the mountain lies out of the ordinary track of tourists, and very few visit it.
	placename:-	Blackcombe
		viewpoint
	person:-	mountain guide
	person:-	: Wordsworth, William
	person:-	surveyor : Mudge, Colonel
	date:-	1855
	period:-	19th century, late; 1850s
	source:-	Martineau 1855
		Guide book, A Complete Guide to the English Lakes, by Harriet Martineau, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, and by Whittaker and Co, London, 1855; published 1855-71.
		Page 179:-
		A TABLE OF THE HEIGHTS OF MOUNTAINS IN THE COUNTIES OF CUMBERLAND, WESTMORLAND, AND LANCASHIRE.
		No. : Names of Mountains. : Counties. : Height in Feet above the Sea Level.
		21 : Black Combe : Cumberland : 1919
	date:-	1855
	period:-	19th century, late; 1850s
	old map:-	Garnett 1850s-60s H
		Map of the English Lakes, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s.
		Black Comb
		hill hachuring
	placename:-	Black Comb
	date:-	1850=1869
	period:-	19th century, late; 1850s; 1860s
	old map:-	Ford 1839 map
		Map of the Lake District, published in A Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by William Ford, published by Charles Thurnham, London, 1839.
		Black Comb
		Hill hachuring.
	placename:-	Black Comb
	county:-	Cumberland
	date:-	1839
	period:-	19th century, early; 1830s
	descriptive text:-	Ford 1839 (3rd edn 1843)
		Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by William Ford, published by Charles Thurnham, London, et al, 1839; published 1839-52.
		... THE Lake district ... consists of large masses or clusters of mountains, generally terminating in one aspiring and pre-eminent point, with the intermediate valleys occupied either by lakes and their subsidiary tarns, or by winding rivers.
		The chief nuclei of these clusters are, Skiddaw and Blencathra, Helvellyn, Fairfield, Coniston Old Man, Blackcomb, Scafell, Gable, Red Pike, Grasmoor, Grisdale Pike, and the Langdale Pikes. Many noble and commanding mountains rise around these, rivalling them in height and grandeur, but still
		Page iv:-
		serving as large buttresses only. In the presentation of endlessly-diversified forms, these Mountains yield to none, however individually inferior they may be, owing to their being seldom seen in a detached point of view; although, on the other hand, they have thus the advantage of forming combinations at once grand and sublime, towering above each other, or rising in ridges, like the mighty billows of the ocean.
		Page 15:-
		BLACKCOMBE,
		Rightly so called from the gloomy heather on its surface, may be most eligibly ascended from this town, a very gentle ascent leading to its summit. The base being at the extremity of the mountain chain, on the sea-shore between Ravenglass and the estuary of the Duddon, the prospect is one of great variety. The sublime ocean forms one-half of the circumference, with Peel Castle and the Isle of Walney on the south; in the west, the Isle of Man is a conspicuous object; the fine indented coast, the bulwark of Cumberland, trends away to the north; the towns of Egremont and Ravenglass, Bootle and Broughton, give animation to the scene; the beauties of Duddon repose at the feet; and far in the east, a mighty assemblage of mountains rear their gigantic heads.
		Page 178:-
		ELEVATION OF THE MOUNTAINS,
		ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT AUTHORITIES.
	placename:-	Blackcomb
	other name:-	Blackcombe
	other name:-	Black Combe
	date:-	1839
	period:-	19th century, early; 1830s
	old print:-	Otley 1823 (4th edn 1830)
		Guidebook, Concise Description of the English Lakes, later A Description of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, published by the author, Keswick, Cumberland, by J Richardson, London, and by Arthur Foster, Kirky Lonsdale, Cumbria, 1823 onwards.
		Page 57:-
		Some of the Western Mountains: / as seen from Helvellyn.
		Wetherlam / Old Man - Coniston Fell / Carrs, or Scars / Gray Friar / Black Combe / Crinkle Crags / Bowfell / Scawfell Pike / Great-end Crag / Glaramara / Great Gable / Kirkfell / Pillar Fell / Honister and High Crag / High Stile / Dalehead and Red Pike / Robinson / Blake Fell / Witeless Pike / Grasmoor / Ill Crags / Grisedale Pike
	placename:-	Black Combe
	date:-	1830
	period:-	19th century, early; 1830s
	old print:-	Otley 1823 (8th edn 1849)
		Guidebook, Concise Description of the English Lakes, later A Description of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, published by the author, Keswick, Cumberland, by J Richardson, London, and by Arthur Foster, Kirky Lonsdale, Cumbria, 1823 onwards.
		Engraving, outline view of mountains, A Group of Mountains seen from Helvellyn, looking towards the South West, drawn by T Binns, engraved by O Jewitt, opposite p.50 of A Descriptive Guide of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, 8th edition, 1849.
	placename:-	Black Comb
	date:-	1849
	period:-	19th century, early; 1840s
	old print:-	Otley 1823 (5th edn 1834)
		Guidebook, Concise Description of the English Lakes, later A Description of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, published by the author, Keswick, Cumberland, by J Richardson, London, and by Arthur Foster, Kirky Lonsdale, Cumbria, 1823 onwards.
		goto source.
		Page 63:-
		goto source.
		goto source.
		Page 72:-
		BLACK COMBE, OR COOM,
		Stands near the southern boundary of Cumberland. Forming the extremity of the mountain chain, it may be seen at a great distance; and is a fine station both for land and sea prospects. In 1808, it was made one of Colonel Mudge's stations, in the process of the Trigonometrical Survey. He calculated its height to be 1919 feet above the level of the sea. Its substance is a rock of clay-slate similar to that of Skiddaw, covered by a large tract of peat earth, which is cut for fuel, and brought down on different sides of the mountain. By the misprint of a single figure in the longitude of this mountain in the 3rd vol. of the Trigonometrical Survey, a great distortion has been caused in some maps lately constructed upon that basis.
		goto source.
		Page 78:-
		STATION I.- SCAWFELL highest point, THE PIKES.
		Latitude 54° 27′ 24″ N. Longitude 3° 12′ W. Height 3160 feet.
		...
		STATION II.- SKIDDAW.
		Latitude 54° 39′ 12″ N. Longitude 3° 8′ 9″ W. Height 3022 feet.
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		Page 79:-
		STATION IV.- CONISTON OLD MAN.
		Latitude 54° 22′ 20″ N. Longitude 3° 6′ 34″ W. Height 2577 feet.
		goto source.
		Page 152:-
		The greatest bulk of these mountain rocks have been commonly included under the general appellation of slate; although many of them shew no disposition to the slaty cleavage. They may be classed in three principal divisions.
		Of these divisions, the FIRST or lowest in the series, ... after being lost for several miles, it is elevated again at Black Combe.
		...
	other name:-	Black Coom
	Altitude	1919 feet
	date:-	1823
	period:-	19th century, early; 1820s
	source:-	Otley 1818
		New Map of the District of the Lakes, in Westmorland, Cumberland, and Lancashire, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Jonathan Otley, engraved by J and G Menzies, Edinburgh, Lothian, Scotland, published by J Otley, Keswick, Cumberland now Cumbria, 1818; pblished 1818 to 1850s.
		goto source.
		BLACK COMBE
	placename:-	Black Combe
		hill
	old map:-	Cooke 1802
		Maps, Westmoreland, Cumberland, etc, now Cumbria, by George Alexander Cooke, London, 1802-10; published 1802-24.
		Black Comb
		hillock; mountain
	placename:-	Black Comb
	county:-	Cumberland
	date:-	1802
	period:-	19th century, early; 1800s
	old map:-	West 1784 map
		A Map of the Lakes in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, now Cumbria, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Paas, 53 Holborn, London, included in the Guide to the Lakes by Thomas West, published by William Pennington, Kendal, Westmorland, and in London, from the 3rd edition 1784, to 1821.
		BLACK COMB
		goto source.
	placename:-	Black Comb
	county:-	Cumberland
	old text:-	Mackenzie 1776
		Charts, and sailing directions, Nautical Descriptions of the West Coast of Great Britain, Bristol Channel to Cape Wrath, by Murdoch Mackenzie, published London, 1776.
		Page 18:-
		... ...
		To sail into Piel-of-Foudray from the N.; take half-flood, and keep Black-comb Hill out by Walney (to avoid Helpsford Sand) ...
	placename:-	Black Comb Hill
		sea mark
	date:-	1776
	period:-	18th century, late; 1770s
	descriptive text:-	Fiennes 1698
		Travel book, manuscript record of Journeys through England including parts of the Lake District, by Celia Fiennes, 1698.
		on the Castle tower walking quite round by the battlements I saw ... into Cumberland to the great hill called Black Comb Hill whence they digg their black lead [graphite] and no where else, but they open the mine but once in severall yeares; ...
	date:-	1698
	period:-	17th century, late
	period:-	1690s
	old map:-	Cooper 1808
		Map, Westmoreland ie Westmorland, scale about 9 miles to 1 inch, by H Cooper, 1808, published by G and W B Whittaker, 13 Ave Maria Lane, London, 1824.
		Black Comb
		hill hachuring; mountain or hill
	placename:-	Black Comb
	locality:-	Allerdale above Derwent Ward
	county:-	Cumberland
	date:-	1808
	period:-	19th century, early; 1800s
	old map:-	Hydrographic Office 1850s onwards
		coast views on Admiralty chart
		Black Comb
		Black Comb ...
		Black Comb Foot / Black Comb
	placename:-	Black Comb
	date:-	1858
	period:-	19th century, late; 1850s
	old print:-	Jenkinson 1875
		Guide book, A Practical Guide to the English Lake District, by Henry Irwin Jenkinson, published by Edward Stanford, 55 Charing Cross, London, 4th edition 1875.
		Print, lithograph, outline view, Panoramic Sketches from Helvellyn, Westmorland, by Edwin A Pettitt, London, published by Edward Stanford, 55 Charing Cross, London, 1875.
		... Black Combe ...
		Print, lithograph, outline view, Panoramic Sketches from Skiddaw, Cumberland, by Edwin A Pettitt, London, published by Edward Stanford, 55 Charing Cross, London, 1875.
		... Black Combe ...
		Print, lithograph, outline view, Panoramic Sketches from Scawfell Pike, Cumberland, by Edwin A Pettitt, London, published by Edward Stanford, 55 Charing Cross, London, 1875.
		... Black Combe ...
	placename:-	Black Combe
	date:-	1875
	period:-	19th century, late
	old drawing:-	Smith 1746 B
		Survey of the Coast of Cumberland, by George Smith, 1746
		Drawing, pencil and ink, A View of Corno Fells and the Black Comb, in a Survey of the Coast of Cumberland, by George Smith, 1746.
		ms at bottom:-
		A View of Corno fells and the Black Comb / from Stubb Place below Raven-glass.
	placename:-	Black Comb
	date:-	1746
	period:-	18th century, early
	old print:-
		Print, uncoloured engraving, View of Ravenglass, and Black Comb Mountain, Cumberland, drawn by Joseph Farington, engraved by Letitia Byrne, published by T Cadell and W Davies, Strand, London, 1815
		printed at bottom left, right, centre:-
		Drawn by Joseph Farington R.A. / Etchedby Letitia Byrne. / View of Ravenglass, and Black Comb Mountain. / Published Septr. 20, 1815, by T. cadell & W. Davies Strand.
	placename:-	Black Combe Mountain
	date:-	1815
	period:-	19th century, early
		photographs
		Black Combe -- Whicham -- Cumbria / -- From the road above Rigg Well on the side of Great Burney. -- 2.2.2007
		Black Combe -- Whicham -- Cumbria / -- Cairn, or shelter, on the southerly summit. -- SD13558517 (at) -- 2.2.2007
	hearsay	Colonel Mudge, of the Ordnance Survey, thought the view from the summit the most extensive in Britain. You can see, sometimes, fourteen counties, the Isle of Man, and Ireland The view to the south is said to be the greatest distance in England, to Jack Hill, Staffordshire.
	hearsay	The beacons of west Cumberland were on: Black Combe, Boothill, Moota Hill, Muncaster Fell, Skiddaw, St Bees Head, and Workington Hill. (Questionable information.)
		Blackcombe Screes, Whicham
		Charley Fold, Whicham
		Hallfoss Beck
		Hook Knott, Whicham
		Horse Back, Whicham
		Little Fell, Whicham
		sheepfold, Whicham
		shelter, Black Combe
		stone wall, Whicham
		Stoupdale Crags, Whicham
		Tarn Dimples, Whicham
		tarn, Black Combe
		trig point, SD1354985488
		Whitecombe Screes, Whicham
	Old Cumbria Gazetteer - JandMN: 2013

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