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Drumburgh Castle, Drumburgh
Drumburgh Castle
locality:-   Drumburgh
locality:-   Hadrian's Wall
civil parish:-   Bowness (formerly Cumberland)
county:-   Cumbria
locality type:-   castle
coordinates:-   NY26575977
1Km square:-   NY2659
10Km square:-   NY25

photograph
BUH67.jpg (taken 3.4.2011)  
photograph
BUH68.jpg  Coat of arms.
(taken 3.4.2011)  
evidence:-   old map:- OS County Series (Cmd 15 10) 
placename:-  Drumburgh Castle
source data:-   Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
"Drumburgh Castle"
and in english black letter:-  "Castle (Remains of)"
evidence:-   old map:- Saxton 1579
placename:-  Drumbugh Castle
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorlandiae et Cumberlandiae Comitatus ie Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 5 miles to 1 inch, by Christopher Saxton, London, engraved by Augustinus Ryther, 1576, published 1579-1645.
image
Sax9NY25.jpg
Building with two towers, symbol for a castle.  "Drumbugh cast:"
item:-  private collection : 2
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Mercator 1595 (edn?) 
placename:-  Drumbugh Castle
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Northumbria, Cumberlandia, et Dunelmensis Episcopatus, ie Northumberland, Cumberland and Durham etc, scale about 6.5 miles to 1 inch, by Gerard Mercator, Duisberg, Germany, about 1595.
image
MER8CumC.jpg
"Drumbugh ca."
circle, building and tower 
item:-  JandMN : 169
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Speed 1611 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Drumbugh Castle
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland and the Ancient Citie Carlile Described, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, 1610, published by J Sudbury and George Humble, Popes Head Alley, London, 1611-12.
image
SP11NY25.jpg
"Drumbugh cast."
circle, buildings, tower 
item:-  private collection : 16
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Jansson 1646
placename:-  Drumbugh Castle
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumbria and Westmoria, ie Cumberland and Westmorland, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Jansson, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1646.
image
JAN3NY25.jpg
"Drumbugh cast"
Buildings and tower with flag. 
item:-  JandMN : 88
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Sanson 1679
placename:-  Dramburgh
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Ancien Royaume de Northumberland aujourdhuy Provinces de Nort, ie the Ancient Kingdom of Northumberland or the Northern Provinces, scale about 9.5 miles to 1 inch, by Nicholas Sanson, Paris, France, 1679.
image  click to enlarge
SAN2Cm.jpg
"Dramburgh"
circle, two towers, flag; castle 
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.15
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Morden 1695 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Drumbugh Castle
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, 1695, published by Abel Swale, the Unicorn, St Paul's Churchyard, Awnsham, and John Churchill, the Black Swan, Paternoster Row, London, 1695-1715.
image
MD12NY25.jpg
"Drumbugh Cast"
Circle, building with two towers. 
item:-  JandMN : 90
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Badeslade 1742
placename:-  Drumburg Castle
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, A Map of Cumberland North from London, scale about 11 miles to 1 inch, with descriptive text, by Thomas Badeslade, London, engraved and published by William Henry Toms, Union Court, Holborn, London, 1742.
image  click to enlarge
BD10.jpg
"Drumburg C"
circle, italic lowercase text; castle 
item:-  JandMN : 115
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   descriptive text:- Simpson 1746
placename:-  Drumburgh Castle
placename:-  Castra Exploratorum
source data:-   Atlas, three volumes of maps and descriptive text published as 'The Agreeable Historian, or the Compleat English Traveller ...', by Samuel Simpson, 1746.
image SMP4P187, button  goto source
"..."
"Drumburgh-Castle, the Seat of Gamel de Brune, anciently given him by one of the first Barons of Burgh, soon after the Conquest, but afterwards the Possession of the Lord Dacre. In the Time of the Romans it was made a Station, and some will have it to be the Castra Exploratorum; but the Distances will by no Means allow it. ..."
image SMP4P196, button  goto source
"Drumburgh Castle and"
"Greystock-Castle, both Seats of his Grace Edward Howard, Duke of Norfolk, Hereditary Earl Marshall and first Duke of England, after the Princes of the Royal Family. He marry'd a Daughter of Edward Blount, Esq; of Blagden in Devonshire, and his Lady Arabella, the Daughter of Sir John Guise, Bart. of Rencomb in Gloucestershire. Another of whose Daughters is marry'd to his Grace's Brother, the Hon. Philip Howard, Esq;"
evidence:-   old map:- Bowen and Kitchin 1760
placename:-  Drumbough Castle
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, A New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland Divided into their Respective Wards, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin et al, published by T Bowles, Robert Sayer, and John Bowles, London, 1760.
image
BO18NY25.jpg
"Drumbough Ca"
circle line and ?flag 
item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.10
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd) 
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774.
image
D4NY25NE.jpg
"Castle"
large building; a castle at Drumburgh 
item:-  Carlisle Library : Map 2
Image © Carlisle Library
evidence:-   old text:- Clarke 1787
placename:-  Drumbugh Castle
source data:-   Guide book, A Survey of the Lakes of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, written and published by James Clarke, Penrith, Cumberland, and in London etc, 1787; published 1787-93.
image CL13P105, button  goto source
Page 105:-  "..."
"I do not find any ancient authors mention a castle here [Castlerigg], Speed, who speaks of twenty-five in Cumberland, hath found out every one I ever heard or knew of, except Kirkoswald; how that has escaped him I cannot tell. I shall here put down their names, and, as well as I can, their most ancient owners, and supposed founders."
"..."
image CL13P106, button  goto source
Page 106:-  "..."
"10. DRUMBUGH. Built by Thomas de Moulton in Henry III.'s time."
"..."
evidence:-   old text:- Camden 1789
placename:-  Drumbough Castle
source data:-   Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
image CAM2P173, button  goto source
Page 173:-  "..."
"Lower down on the same frith, more inland, is Drumbough castle, formerly belonging to the lords Dacre, and antiently a Roman station. ..."
evidence:-   old text:- Camden 1789 (Gough Additions) 
item:-  placename, Drumburgh Castle
source data:-   Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
image CAM2P187, button  goto source
Page 187:-  "... Drumburgh, where is a fort ... Abundance of stones have been taken out of it, and it is probable the house and garden walls were built of them, whence, and not from its form, it has the name of castle."
"..."
""At Drumburgh the lord Dakers father builded upon old ruines a prety pile for defens of the country. It is almost in the middle way betwixt Bolnes and Burgh. The stones of the Pict wall were pulled down to build it, for the wall is very nigh it.""
evidence:-   old text:- Camden 1789 (Gough Additions) 
item:-  placename, Drumburgh Castle
source data:-   Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
image CAM2P229, button  goto source
Page 229, quoting Mr Horsley:-  "..."
""At DRUMBRUGH is a fort about five chains square, whose ramparts are large, and the ditch very deep. Out of this fort abundance of stones have been taken. It is very probable, that the house and garden walls have been built with the stones of the wall and station, and that it has the name of castle (as Whitley castle) from the old Roman fort; for the seat is not built in the form of a castle. ...""
evidence:-   road book:- Cary 1798 (2nd edn 1802) 
source data:-   Road book, itineraries, Cary's New Itinerary, by John Cary, 181 Strand, London, 2nd edn 1802.
image CY38p555, button  goto source
image  click to enlarge
C38555.jpg
page 555-556  "At Drumburgh, the Castle."
item:-  JandMN : 228.2
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Laurie and Whittle 1806
placename:-  Drumburgh Castle
source data:-   Road map, Completion of the Roads to the Lakes, scale about 10 miles to 1 inch, by Nathaniel Coltman? 1806, published by Robert H Laurie, 53 Fleet Street, London, 1834.
image  click to enlarge
Lw18.jpg
"Drumburgh Castle 315ΒΌ"
castle; distance from London 
item:-  private collection : 18.18
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Ford 1839 map
placename:-  Drumburgh Castle
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Lake District of Cumberland, Westmoreland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, and by R Groombridge, 5 Paternoster Row, London, 3rd edn 1843.
image
FD02NY26.jpg
"Drumburgh Castle"
item:-  JandMN : 100.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Gents Mag
placename:-  Drombogh
source data:-   Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922.
image G856B208, button  goto source
Gentleman's Magazine 1856 part 2 pp.208-215  "LICENCES TO CRENELLATE GRANTED BY"
"..."
"EDWARD II. A.D. 1307. July 8. 1327. Jan. 20."
"..."
"1. Ricardus le Brun mansum suum Drombogh in marchia Scotiae ... Cumbr."
"..."
evidence:-   text:- Curwen 1913
placename:-  Drombogh
item:-  licence to crenellate
source data:-   Book, The Castles and Fortified Towers of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire North of the Sands, by John F Curwen, published for the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society by Titus Wilson, Kendal, Westmorland, 1913.
Licence to crenellate granted by Edward II; 24 August 1307:-  "Ricardus le Brun ... mansum suum ... Drombogh in marchia Scotiae, Cumberland."
evidence:-   database:- Listed Buildings 2010
placename:-  Drumburgh Castle
item:-  coat of arms; date stone (1518)
source data:-  
courtesy of English Heritage
"DRUMBURGH CASTLE / / / BOWNESS / ALLERDALE / CUMBRIA / I / 71900 / NY2657759765"
source data:-  
courtesy of English Heritage
"Tower House, now farmhouse. C13, licence to crenellate granted to Robert le Brun 24 August 1307. Alterations originally dated 1518 with initials and coat of arms of Thomas Lord Dacre over entrance; further alterations between 1678 and 1681 for John Aglionby and C19 additions. Extremely thick walls of squared and coursed red sandstone (from the nearby Roman Wall) on chamfered plinth, parapet over entrance with carved stone eagle finials; steeply pitched graduated greenslate roof with coped gables, brick chimney stacks. 3 storeys (formerly 4 storeys), 5 bays; single-storey single-bay extension to left. C19 gabled brick porch with Welsh slate roof; to right is a blocked round-headed C13 window. C13 blocked round-headed ground floor entrance is partly covered by C16 or C17 external stone steps to first floor. 1517 entrance; iron-studded oak plank door could be original (with later internal lock dated and inscribed J.L. 1681) in pointed-arched and chamfered surround with carved stone panel of arms above. Ground floor and first floor sash windows with glazing bars in enlarged C16 openings. Continuous row of blocked slit vents above. Second floor C16 2-light stone-mullioned windows now have Yorkshire sashes with mullions removed; blocked third floor windows slightly above and between these windows. Rear wall has similar windows and blocked windows. End wall right, which was in danger of collapse, was completely taken down in the late 1970's and rebuilt in facsimile, with broad central buttress and corbelled-out battlemented parapet, which may have been the remains of medieval crenellation. Floor levels of interior changed in C16 and Cl7: many original features will be covered by later plasterwork. First floor C17 wood-panelled room. Interior of rebuilt end is entirely of breeze blocks and open from floor to roof; roof of king-post trusses could be C16. See Curwen, Castles & Towers of Cumberland &Westmorland, 1913, pp202-3; Medieval Archaeology, vol xxiii, 1979, p270. Extension to left of Roman Wall stone and cobbles with greenslate roof. End wall has plank doors and slatted openings."

photograph
BUH69.jpg  Pump.
(taken 3.4.2011)  
notes:-  
 16th century stone house or tower, converted from a 13th century hall

Perriam, D R &Robinson, J: 1998: Medieval Fortified Buildings of Cumbria: CWAAS:: ISBN 1 873124 23 6; plan and illustration
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