Old Cumbria Gazetteer - Carlisle Cathedral, Carlisle


	Carlisle Cathedral, Carlisle
	Carlisle Cathedral
	Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity
	Holy Trinity Church
	Priory of St Mary
	St Mary's Priory
locality:-	Carlisle
civil parish:-	Carlisle (formerly Cumberland)
county:-	Cumbria
locality type:-	church
coordinates:-	NY39885596
1Km square:-	NY3955
10Km square:-	NY35
references:-	: 2005: Diocese of Carlisle, Directory 2004/5

	BOH85.jpg (taken 30.10.2007) BRR05.jpg (taken 29.9.2009)

evidence:-	old map:- OS County Series (Cmd 23 3) placename:- Trinity Cathedral placename:- St Catherine's Church placename:- St Mary's Church placename:- St Mary's Priory
source data:-	Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948. "Trinity Cathedral / St Catherine's Ch. / St Mary's Ch. (Per Curacy) / Grave Yard (Disused) / St Mary's Priory (Site of)"

evidence:-	map:-
source data:-	: 1954: Monastic Britain: Ordnance Survey

evidence:-	old map:- Ogilby 1675 (plate 38)
source data:-	Road strip map, hand coloured engraving, continuation of the Road from London to Carlisle, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by John Ogilby, London, 1675. OG38m297.jpg In mile 301, Cumberland. Church within the town walls. item:- JandMN : 21 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old map:- Bowen 1720 (plate 94)
source data:-	Strip maps, uncoloured engravings, road maps, The Road from London to Carlisle, scale about 2 miles to 1 inch, with sections in Lancashire and Westmorland, published by Emanuel Bowen, St Katherines, London, 1720. B094m297.jpg item:- Dove Cottage : 2007.38.100 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old map, descriptive text:- Bowen 1720 (plate 161) placename:- Carlisle
source data:-	Road book, Britannia Depicta Or Ogilby Improv'd, including road strip maps with sections in Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 2 miles to 1 inch, derived from maps by Ogilby, 1675, also a county map of Westmorland, scale about 8 miles to 1 inch, and of Cumberland, scale about 16.5 miles to 1 inch, each with text, by John Owen, published by Emanuel Bowen, London, 1720; published 1720-64. "CARLISLE - ... The Cathedral (tho it suffered considerably in ye great Rebellion) Still remains a very Magnificent Structure, &there are besides 2 good Parish Churches. ..."

evidence:-	descriptive text:- Defoe 1724-26
source data:-	Tour through England and Wales, by Daniel Defoe, published in parts, London, 1724-26. "... the great church [at Carlisle] is a venerable old pile, it seems to have been built twice, or, as it were, rebuilt, the upper part being much more modern than the lower."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag placename:- St Mary's Church item:- Civil War
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1745 p.674 "..." "It has but two parish churches, St Mary's and St Cuthbert's. St Mary's is the cathedral, and stands almost in the midst of the city, with a wall round it. The Eastern part, which is the newer, is a curious piece of workmanship; the choir, with the isles, is 71 foot broad, is an exact piece of architecture, having a stately East window of 48 foot in height, and 30 in breadth, adorned with pillars of curious workmanship. The roof is elegantly arched with wood, and embellished with the arms of France* and England quarter'd, the Piercy's, Lucy's Warren's, Mowbray's, and many others. In the choir are monuments of three bishops of this see, Bell, Robinson, and Smith, who are bury'd there. The West end, which is the lower, and was anciently the parish-church, was also a spacious building before the rebellion in 1641, but was for the greatest part demolished by those violent reformers, and the materials made use of for the building of guard-houses at every gate, erecting batteries in the castle, and setting themselves up private dwellings in the town; tho' it has been observed, their posterity never enjoyed them." "..." "The tour thro' Great Britain* says, that "a great part of it was built by St David, K. of Scotland, who held this county, together with Westmorland and Northumberland, in vassalage from the crown of England. He, and many of his successors, were great benefactors: but almost the whole nave, or west part of it, was demolished by the Scots, in the civil wars.""

evidence:-	descriptive text:- Simpson 1746 placename:- St Mary's Church
source data:-	Atlas, three volumes of maps and descriptive text published as 'The Agreeable Historian, or the Compleat English Traveller ...', by Samuel Simpson, 1746. goto source "..." "There are but two Parish Churches in this City, St. Mary's and St. Cuthbert's: St. Mary's is the Cathedral, and stands almost in the Middle of it, but is separated from it by a Wall of its own; the eastern Part, which is the newer, is a curious Piece of Workmanship; the Choir, which, with the Isles, is 71 Feet broad, is a fine Piece of Building, the E. Window thereof is 48 Feet in Height, and 30 in Breadth, adorned with Pillars of curious Workmanship; the Roof is elegantly vaulted with Wood, and embellish'd with the Arms of England and France quarter'd, the Piercy's, Lucy's, Warren's, Mowbray's, and many others. In the Choir are the Monuments of three Bishops of this See, Bell, Robinson,, and" goto source "Smith, who are buried there. The W. End, which is the lower, and was anciently the Parish Church, was also a spacious Building before the Rebellion in 1641, but was for the greatest Part demolish'd by those violent Reformers, ..."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:- cross; cross slab
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1749 p.403 "Mr URBAN," "THE underwritten was a cenotaph found below the Bishop's throne, in Carlisle (cathedral.) It is about 6 foot 5 inches long, 11 inches wide, two of which are slop'd away all round, on each side, and the end; this slope measures 4 inches and 3 quarters in the slant, and there is four inches more in the whole of a perpendicular depth, which makes the entire substance. It has had an antique Roman-catholic cross on the top, with this inscription," click to enlarge G749E03.jpg "If your learned correspondents cannot make it out, I shall use my small endeavours to give some satisfaction, tho' it is certainly incomplete itself." "The following inscription is on a stone 2 foot 5 inches long, 12 inches broad at one end, and 9 at the other, and was found in digging Mr Benson's cellar in the year 1744, six foot deep under ground; its explanation shall be attempted another time." click to enlarge G749E04.jpg "Yours, &c. G. SMITH." "Wigton, July 11, 1749"

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag 1749
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1749 p.550 "... ..." "Mr URBAN," "Nov. 6, 1749." "IN your Mag. for Sept. last, meeting with an inscription found in the cathedral of Carlisle, with an invitation to those that would make it our, I have"

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag 1749 item:- gravestone
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1749 p.551 "adventured upon it; and, after my small skill in these matters, think that it is to be read thus:" ": : IC JACIT EVA QUONDA UXOR WILLI FIL ROGERI" "i.e. Hic jacet Eva quondam uxor Wilhelmi Filli Rogerii. Here lieth Eve heretofore the wife of William Fitz-Roger. - The obliterated H at the beginning of Hic, the final M thrown off in quondam, and the abbreviations in Willi. and Fil. sufficiently justify your correspondent's observation, that it is certainly incomplete in itself." "I dare say, the curious part of your readers would be obliged to the same hand for a draught of the antique Roman Catholick cross on the top of the stone, taken with the same exactness, as the letters are exhibited. For though they have mostly some general likeness, yet is there a great variety in their form. Besides, a sketch of the covering stone, with the cross embossed (I suppose) on it, and the engraved inscriptiom, with the hollowed under-stone, would give more satisfaction to the enquirer, than twenty paragraphs, though work'd up with the utmost perspicuity, can inform the understanding." "I shall defer giving any thoughts of the other inscription, or entering any farther into the present, till I shall see how far my sentiments here suit with those of better judgments: of which, doubtless, you receive many, from the number and variety of your ingenious correspondents." "Yours, &c. Z. &." "To GEO. SMITH Esq;" "SIR," "WIthout any design of forestalling your own interpretations (which, on the contrary, I am in hopes you will favour us with) I have adventur'd to try my skill in enucleating the two inscriptions you were pleas'd to communicate to the world in September last." "I perceive you think the first inscription to be imperfect, but, unless you have some valid reason for thinking so, from an ocular inspection of the stone, I should believe it complete as it is, it affording a good, and, in my opinion, an entire sense." "HIC JACIT EMA QUONDA UXOR WILLIELMI FILII ROGERI" "In English." "Here lies Emma late wife of William son of Roger." "At that time of day, before sirnames were in vogue, this was the usual method of describing persons, Wills, fil, Rogeri, Johes, Fil, Stephani, &c." "Dates also were then but too often omitted, and for these two reasons I incline to esteem the inscription perfect." "The other inscription: I read thus" "DEOR DE TORCI MIL." "and explain it, DEOR (or perhaps THEOR) DE TORCI knight. De Torci or de Forcy, was one of the great men that came into England with Wm the Conqueror, (See the roll of Battle Abbey) and the Family continu'd here flourishing long after." "I am Yors, &c." "PAUL GEMSEGE."

evidence:-	old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd) placename:- St Mary's
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774. D43955Z.jpg "St. Mary's" church, and buildings in the close item:- Carlisle Library : Map 2 Image © Carlisle Library

evidence:-	old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd)
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774. D4NY35NE.jpg cross item:- Carlisle Library : Map 2 Image © Carlisle Library

evidence:-	old text:- Camden 1789 placename:-
source data:-	Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789. goto source Page 174:- "... Almost in the centre of the city rises the cathedral church, whose upper part is of modern erection in a handsome style; but the lower part much older. ..." "..." goto source Page 175:- "... For A.D. 619 Egfrid king of Northumberland, gave it [Carlisle] to S. Cuthbert in the following words: "I have given also the city called Luguballia with 15 miles around it." ... That saint, according to the register of Durham, "settled there a congregation of nuns, and appointed an abbess, and founded schools there." ..."

evidence:-	old text:- Camden 1789 (Gough Additions) item:- wall painting; Civil War; tithes, Inglewood Forest; Inglewood Forest, tithes; ivory horn; elephant tusks
source data:-	Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789. goto source Page 193:- "..." ""... In the cite be two paroch churches, of which the one is in the body of the cathedral church, in the which be canons regulars else be in no cathedral church in England. ... The body of the cathedral church is of an older building than the choir. ... "" "..." "... The cathedral begun by Walter, a Norman priest, under William Rufus, governor of the city, who founded a monastery here, which Henry I. endowed for Austin canons, and afterwards made a bishopric (the only one of the order in England), is imperfect, the west part being pulled down by Cromwell 1649, to build batteries and a citadel in the market place, so that it has lost near 100 feet of its whole length, being only 219 feet, and the nave used as a parish church only. Part was built in the Saxon style with round arches and massy pillars 15 feet high, and 17 feet and an half in circumference; the rest is ascribed to Edward III. The steeple and tabernacle work by bishop Strickland. The choir by bishop Welton, finished by his successors Appleby and Strickland. It has handsome stalls, supposed by Robert Eglefield founder of Queen's college, Oxford, and the history of St. Cuthbert and St. Austin painted in compartments with couplets at the west end at the back of the stalls much defaced. Bishop Lyttleton contributed largely to wainscot the choir and the sides of the altar, from a design of his nephew Thomas Pitt, esq; now lord Camelford, who also gave a design for a bishop's throne. The door near the bishop's throne was the work of prior Haythwaite about 1480, and the opposite door of prior Senhouse about 1500. The revenues of the priory were valued at £.418. of the bishopric at £.531. Henry VIII. founded here a dean, four prebendaries, 8 minor canons, a subdean, four singing-men, a grammar-master, six choristers and a master, six almsmen, &c. The cloisters and buildings were destroyed in the civil war, except the refectory, now the chapter house. Here are monuments for bishops Barrow 1429, Bell 1496, Robinson 1616, Milborn 1623, Fleming 1747, and some ascribed to Appleby, Wil-" goto source Page 194:- "[Wil]ton, and Strickland 1419. ..." "..." "... The see was founded by Henry I. a.r. 23. as the priory by him soon after his accession. Philip and Mary granted to the bishop the advowson and collation of all the four prebends. ... Henry endowed the church with the tithes of all lands broken up for cultivation within Inglewood forest, by giving it an ivory horn. This horn, as it is called, is two teeth of an elephant, now remaining in the cathedral. Bishop Halton petitioned Edward II. for a piece of ground to build an house for himself and successors within the precincts of the castle and within the city walls. ..." "Among the 51 bishops of the see, two are particularly intitled to a place in this work for their distinguished application and eminent proficiency in the subjects of it. Bishop Nicolson, son of Joseph Nicolson, rector of Plumland in this county, whose various writings are enumerated in Dr. Burn's History of Cumberland, for which he left such ample materials in three volumes folio, and one in octavo; the former bequeathed by him to the dean and chapter, the latter to his nephew Joseph Nicolson of Hawksdale, esq; Dr. Burn's coadjutor in his publication: Bishop Lyttelton, whose attention to the interests of antiquarian science while he was president of the Society of Antiquities found so faith-" goto source Page 195:- "[faith]ful a panegyrist in his intimate friend and successor. It is remarkable that Orton in Cumberland gave birth to Dr. Nicolson, and Orton in Westmorland"

evidence:-	descriptive text:- Baker 1802 placename:-
source data:-	Perspective road map with sections in Lancashire, Westmorland, and Cumberland, by J Baker, London 1802. Page 27:- "... The cathedral is a stately structure, apparently too much so for its strength. It is 137 feet long and 71 broad, with much internal; grandeur. ..."

evidence:-	old map:- Baker 1802
source data:-	Perspective road maps with sections in Lancashire, Westmorland and Cumberland, by J Baker, London 1802. Bk03Vg01.jpg item:- private collection : 3 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old text:- Capper 1808 placename:- St Mary's Church item:- stained glass; wall paintings
source data:-	Gazetteer, A Topographical Dictionary of the United Kingdom, compiled by Benjamin Pitts Capper, published by Richard Phillips, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, 1808; published 1808-29. goto source "[Carlisle] ... There are two churches, St. Cuthbert's and St. Mary's, the latter of which is the cathedral, and is separated from the town by a wall of its own. The eastern part, which is the newest, is a curious piece of workmanship: the western part was destroyed during the civil wars: the east window, 48 feet high and 30 broad, of beautiful stained glass, is one of the chief ornaments; the inside of the church is adorned with sepulchral monuments; the ascent to the tower on the inside is very inconvenient by the extreme narrowness of the stairs; and what remains of this edifice, evinces it to have been once a noble structure. On the screens, in the aisles, are several historic paintings of St. Augustine, St. Anthony, and others, and to each painting is a distich in old Monkish rhyme, in an uncouth language, being neither Scotch nor English. ... It is a bishop's see, and was formerly part of the diocese of Durham; but made a distinct bishopric by Henry I. To this cathedral belongs a bishop, a dean, a chancellor, archdeacon, 4 prebendaries, 8 minor canons, &c. ..."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:- organ; monument
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1811 part 2 p.507 "..." "In the immediate neighbourhood of the Deanery are the Refectory, part of the Dormitory, and the Cloisters, which open towards the South side of the venerable Cathedral. The present worthy Dean and Chapter have done much to adorn the precincts of the Abbey, by constructing broad gravel walks winding under the shade of venerable lime trees." "The Cathedral is partly Saxon and partly Pointed Gothic architecture. The East window is a beautiful piece of tracery; indeed the appearance of the choir is elegant and grand; the style of its architecture is extremely light. It has been repaired at many different periods; the principal contributors to its improvement were Bishop Smith and Bishop Lyttelton. The present Dean and Chapter have added an organ, which is said to be inferior to none in the kingdom. The Earl of Lonsdale has presented to this Cathedral two fine paintings, of the Resurrection and St. John preaching in the wilderness, which are placed on either side of the altar." "There are in this Cathedral monuments of the following Bishops. A marble figure, in pontificals, of Bp. Stirkland, temp. Henry IV.; of Bp. Barrow, temp. Henry V.; of Bp. Bell, temp. Edward IV.; of Bp. Robinson, temp. Elizabeth and James I.; of Bp. Smith, temp. Queen Anne; of Bp. Fleming, temp. George II.; of Bp. Law, temp. George III. Those of Bishops Bell, Robinson, Smith, Fleming, and Law, are furnished with inscriptions, which shall be presented to your Readers in some future number. Drawings of this ancient structure (the Cathedral) have been made at different periods by Mr. Hearne, Mr. Gayfere, Mr. Carlyle, Mr. Clennel, Mr. Fielding, &c. &c." "Yours, &c. CLERICUS"

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1814 part 1 p.13 "List of Conventual Churches still in Use." "... I am induced to offer you the subjoined List of Conventual Churches, which are still made use of, either wholly or in part, for divine service; hoping that it may afford some assistance to the Lover of Sacred Architecture in his researches amid the venerable remains of our Monastic structures, many of which, though highly deserving attention, have, as the writer of the article justly laments, long lain in obscurity." "..." "HUGH OWEN." "..." "Cathedral Priory Church of Augustine Canons.Carlisle ... Greater part of Nave, Transept, and Towers, destroyed." "..."

evidence:-	old text:- Farington 1816 item:- Dissolution, The
source data:-	Descriptive text:- "..." "...The same monarch [Henry I] (in 1133) founded the bishopric of Carlisle, and made Athelwald bishop. From its foundation to the present time, there have been 54 bishops of this see." "The present bishop, Dr. Goodenough, one of the vice-presidents of the Royal and Linnean Societies, succeeded Dr. Vernon, now Archbishop of York." "The priory was resigned into the hands of King Henry VIII. on the 9th of January 1540, by Launcelot Salkeld, the last prior, who, upon the establishment of the present chapter, in 1542, was appointed dean. The greater part of the land and revenues of the priory, which had been valued at 418l. 3s. 43/4d. clear yearly income, was granted to the dean and chapter, together with the endowments of the dissolved priory of Wetheral. The establishment of the church of Carlisle under King Henry's charter, consist of a dean, four prebendaries, eight minor canons, a grammar-master, singing-men, &c. &c. The advowson of the prebends was given to the Bishop by Philip and Mary, in the year 1557." "The present dean is the Rev. Isaac Milner, D.D. who succeeded the Rev. Dr. Jeffrey Ekins, the translator of Apollonius Rhodius, in 1792. The deanery formed part of the monastic buildings, the cloisters, except a very small part now remaining, were destroyed in Cromwell's time. The refectory of the convent, called the fratry, is now made use of as the chapter house." "It is probable that the cathedral was begun before the foundation of the bishopric, being intended as the conventual church. A church is mentioned by some writers among the buildings of William Rufus. That part of the structure which has withstood the devastation of fire and spoilers, exhibits the Saxon style of architecture. It appears that the cathedral church was destroyed by fire in 1292. We do not find any authority for it having been involved in the conflagration of 1390. The choir is said to have been rebuilt by contribution in the reign of Edward III. and the tower by Bishop Strickland in 1401. The greater part of the nave of the cathedral, and most of the conventual buildings, were taken down during the Interregnum, and the materials used for repairing the walls and citadels. The remainder of the nave was walled up at the west end, and is now used as the parish church of St. Mary." "Among the unknown ancient tombs in the cathedral are two which are supposed to be those of Bishop Welton, who died in 1362, and his successor, Bishop Appleby, who died in 1395. In the north aisle is the tomb of Bishop Strickland, who died in 1419. In the choir are the grave stones of Bishop Bell (with his effigies on a brass plate,) and Bishop Smith, who died in 1702. Against one of the pillars on the north side of the choir, is a monument of white marble, by Banks, in memory of Bishop Law, who died in 1787. At the east end of the cathedral are monuments in memory of Sir George Fleming, Bart. Bishop of Carlisle, who died in 1747, aged 81." "In St. Catherine's chapel, is the tomb of Bishop Barrow, without any inscription. In the south aisle is the monument of Dean Wilson, who died in 1778; and on the floor, the gravestone of Jane, wife of Dr. William Paley, Archdeacon of Carlisle, who died in 1791. This distinguished and popular Theologian, was himself buried in the cathedral in 1805; but there is no inscription to his memory." "..." "The parish church of St. Mary is, as already stated, within what remains of the nave of the cathedral; the benefice is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the dean and chapter, to whom the great tithes are appropriated." "..." item:- Armitt Library : A6666.25 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:- school
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1817 part 2 p.104 "..." "CATHEDRAL SCHOOLS." "(Continued from Part I. p.418.)" "CARLISLE CATHEDRAL." "Crosby-square August 16." "Mr. URBAN," "OF all the English Cathedrals the Church of Carlisle seems to have presented the most barren field for Antiquarian research; and the more recent history of the Choristers is so unsatisfactory, that I enter upon the subject with considerable reluctance. We are informed that a community of Christians, including a School, was settled at Carlisle before the close of the seventh century; and this Foundation was elevated to a Bishopric by Henry I. As to the School, the immediate object of this enquiry, we can only trace its existence from being incidentally mentioned in the Valuation of Pope Nicholas; whence we learn that the Church of Dalston was charged with an annual payment for its support." "This Cathedral,during the middle ages, was a Priory of Augustine Canons; and at the Dissolution was re-endowed by Henry VIII. for a Dean, Archdeacon, four Prebendaries, and eight Minor Canons, with Lay Clerks, Choristers, and Schoolmasters; agreeing in all essential points with other ecclesiastical establishments by the same founder." "The Royal Grammar School, if it be still in existence, is not of sufficient importance to be noticed in the local Histories of the City and Cathedral; and it is, doubtless, from the same cause that the Musick School has likewise escaped observation; and little information can be collected beyond the following general outline:" "The Choristers, six in number, are chosen by the Dean and Chapter. They have occasional lessons in singing from the organist; but whether they receive any other instructions, literary, moral, or religious, and in what manner they usually settle in life, I have vainly endeavoured to learn. Perhaps some of your Correspondents residing in Caralisle may favour our Readers with a communication on the subject." "M.H."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:- fire, Carlisle; Carlisle, fire; ring of bells
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1819 part 1 p.507 From the Compendium of County History:- "In Carlisle cathedral are handsome monuments of its bishops, Sir John Fleming, bart. 1747; and the learned Edmund Law (by Banks) 1787. Its excellent Archdeacon, Paley, has no inscription; but a grave-stone records the death of his wife Jane, who died in 1791. In St. Cuthbert's church was buried Joseph Dacre Carlyle, Chancellor of the diocese and Professor of Arabic in the University of Cambridge, 1804. On May 19, 1292, this city with its priory, convent of Grey Friars, and churches, was consumed by a fire raised by an incendiary, who was executed for the fact. In 1390 another fire consumed 1500 houses. In 1597 and 1598 about 1196 persons died of the plague. The Quakers have had a congregation in this city almost from the time of their first establishment; George Fox, their founder, was imprisoned in the dungeon and suffered great hardships here in 1653. Robert Milne, author of Physico-Theological Lectures, was pastor of a Presbyterian congregation in this town; he died in 1800. There are but three rings of bells in this county, one at Carlisle cathedral, one at Crosthwaite, and one at Bingham."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1820 part 1 p.406 "TOUR THROUGH ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND." "... walking past the venerable red stone Cathedral of the time of red-haired William Rufus, I attended Divine Service on a Prayer-day; - the simple Choristers, some with fine expressive countenances, gave me new feelings, new ideas, and completely did away with the unpleasantries of the City - a few pious women and myself were the Congregation. Such characters were to be found when Christianity was in its infancy; they were to be found at the foot of the Cross, when all else had fled! and they are still to be found in out week-day worship, where male idlers seldom are seen. To such women as"

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag 1820 item:- gravestone
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1820 part 1 p.407 "these how much are we indebted! to such as these, who have been heads of families, how much good may be traced, to Individuals, to Families, and to our Country! Whether I was noticed as a stranger seated in an antient stall, I cannot say; but I felt the Anthem from the 121st Psalm, and verses 7 and 8, as exceedingly approriate to my present case; and the consequent aspirations of gratitude were made. Farewell to the momentary acrimony arising from the insult in the street; and welcome gratitude; from a sense of duty, and thanks to these good Choristers, for occasioing the proper selection of it." "Returning homeward, after an extended ramble of 1100 miles in 35 days, not having had for so many years an absence from business, I will beg leave to conclude with the following neat little Epitaph, taken from the Cathedral-yard." "On R. and M. BARLY, aged 3 years." "'Ere Sin could blight, or Sorrow fade, Death came with friendly care, The opening buds of Heav'n convey'd, And bade them blossom there.'" "Yours, &c." "A.Z."

evidence:-	old map:- Bell 1833
source data:-	Map, hand coloured steel engraving, Westmoreland ie Westmorland, scale about 5.5 miles to 1 inch, by James Bell? published by Archibald Fullarton and Co, Glasgow, Strathclyde, about 1834. click to enlarge BEL3Vgn2.jpg Vignette on a map of Cumberland item:- JandMN : 3 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	descriptive text:- Ford 1839 (3rd edn 1843)
source data:-	Guide book, A Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by Rev William Ford, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, by W Edwards, 12 Ave Maria Lane, Charles Tilt, Fleet Street, William Smith, 113 Fleet Street, London, by Currie and Bowman, Newcastle, by Bancks and Co, Manchester, by Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, and by Sinclair, Dumfries, 1839. goto source Page 103:- "..." "The Cathedral is a noble building, deprived, indeed, of the greatest part of its nave. What remains is of ever-enduring Norman architecture, with low round pillars and circular arches; it is now very neatly fitted up as the parish church of St. Mary. The transepts are narrow, without aisles, and of the same style; from the south end the cloisters originally extended; the north transept is used as the consistory court. The choir is supported on clustered piers, with enriched capitals, from which spring eight pointed arches; above is an elegant triforium of three openings, and a clerestory, which once had a rich parapet, pierced with foliated circles, but wantonly destroyed. The tabernacle work or stalls is of very elegant carved oak, black with age. The pulpit and throne are modern, and not so rich in design. The roof is" goto source Page 104:- "vaulted in stucco, with cross springers. The east window is by far the finest decorated window in the kingdom; it consists of nine lights, and the head is filled with the richest flowing tracery conceivable; it is, however, painful to add,that it is in a state of rapid decay. The north and south aisles of the choir are similar in character, and terminated by windows of two lights. Beneath the sill of the aisle windows a row of beautiful niches is continued all round. In the north aisle Dr. Paley lies buried - a fine mural monument simply recording his name and age. In the choir, Bishops Law and Smith are interred, both eminent in their generation. The prevailing style of the choir is early English, the east end being decorated. The entrance into the Abbey is under an ancient gate-way, having a circular arch, round which is an inscription purporting its having been built by Christopher Slee, Prior. Within the precincts are the deanery and prebendal houses, the fratry, and register office. The deanery contains, in its square tower built by Prior Senhouse, a fine apartment used as a drawing-room, whose ceiling is worthy of inspection: it is of oak, carved in square pannels, the intersecting knots being highly adorned, and the whole painted in different colours, with armorial bearings emblazoned on shields, and mottoes scattered about. The fratry or refectory of the ancient priory is now used as the chapter-room; the south front is lighted by a row of elegantly-proportioned windows of the Tudor style, the op-" goto source Page 105:- "[op]posite wall is ornamented with three niches, whose crocketted canopies are delicately chiselled and supported by slender pillars. In this building is a curious stone chair, having an impanelled foliated ceiling, called the confessional. From the Abbey the Cathedral is seen in the best point of view; a low, square, and embattled tower rises over the intersection of the cross. The east end cannot be viewed but in pieces: its centre is filled by the magnificent window, on each side of which rise buttresses with crocketted pinnacles; the gable is adorned with crosses, and its blank space filled with a right angled spherical window. The design of this front is one of grandeur; the great size of the window, the boldness of the buttresses, and the richness of the crockets, crosses, and finials, unite in rendering it the admiration of all. The north side of the Cathedral forms a fine street-scene, with row of trees around its church-yard wall, which has lately been rebuilt and surmounted by cast-iron rails, the very elegant design for which was handsomely furnished by R. W. Billings, Esq."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1839 part 1 p.519 "... Of the monuments in the cathedral mentioned in p.185, we should say that in a History of Carlisle the epitaphs should have been given at length, or at least their dates. A poetical or a philosophical antiquary would have thought it worth his while to have decyphered more completely the rhyming legends of saints, painted in the cathedral by Prior Senus, or Senhouse, at the commencement of the sixteenth century; but they are merely transcribed from Hutchinson. The sepulchral portrait of Bishop Robinson should have been engraved from a tracing of the brass in the cathedral, which would have nearly as easy as copying the engraving already published of his duplicate brass at Queen's College, Oxford." "..."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:- History and Antiquities of Carlisle Cathedral
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1839 part 2 p.170 From a review of The History and Antiquities of Carlisle Cathedral, by Robert William Billings. "..." "The author has commenced with Carlisle Cathedral, which, from the remoteness of its situation, in addition to its unfinished and mutilated state, has received but little attention from the hands of the antiquary - still, although it is destined to hold an inferior rank amongst our Cathedrals, to occupy a place inferior to the grand and splendid structures at Canterbury and Lincoln, and to yield in proportion and beauty to Wells, Lichfield, or Salisbury, it possesses many features which are beautiful to the eye of the antiquary, and valuable to the student of our ancient architecture. The choir, for instance, is a rich specimen of the architecture of the fourteenth century, and is perhaps not surpassed by any existing structure of equal magnitude." "Mr. Billings proposes to illustrate this Cathedral by forty-five engravings, to be accompanied by an historical and architectural account, which"

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag 1839
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1839 part 2 p.171 "at the conclusion of the work is to be presented gratis to the subscribers." "The first part of the proposed publication has appeared, containing fifteen plates, etchings executed by the author from his own drawings, in a bold and free style, and though not so highly and expensively finished as the plates in the early published Cathedrals of Mr. Britton, well calculated to display the features and architecture of the structure pourtrayed." "This Cathedral affords an instructive lesson on the mode pursued by the ancient prelates and churchmen in rebuilding their churches: a work which was constantly going on, and the progress of which was only stopped by the arrival of the day of spoilation. The Cathedral was originally of Norman architecture, and of small dimensions, when compared with the existing choir, which appears to have been the commencement of a grand design for rebuilding the whole church in the splendid and beautiful architecture which then prevailed about the junction of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The architect contemplated the preservation of so much of the old church as he could use use to advantage in his new design, not sweeping away the ancient structure to its very foundations, according to the practice of modern architects, when any new-fangled building is to be raised on the ruins of an older one. He intended to preserve the south transept with the corresponding piers of the tower, meaning to work them into the new edifice; but as the north transept would, in consequence of the extension of the choir in breadth, have been within the walls of the new choir, he rebuilt that branch of the cross, and on the east side of it, made provision for the addition of an aisle, which has not been carried into effect, although its commencement is manifested by the existence of the angular pier of the eastern aisle, which was completed before the removal of the wall of the transept, and now remains partially embedded in such wall. If this plan had been fully executed, the present tower, no way grand enough for a structure of so great magnificence, would with the Norman nave have been entirely taken down; but the work never proceeded beyond the choir, which, as we before remarked, is a resplendent specimen of architecture. The inspection of Mr. Billings' ground plan will plainly shew the commencement of the intended aisle, and Plate III. being the elevation of the north aisle, shews with equal distinctness the profile of the eastern wall of this aisle, set out upon the face of the wall of the choir aisle." "The elaborate and tasteful design of the eastern window, one of the purest and most elegant examples of the flowing and foliated tracery of Edward the Third's reign in existence, is exhibited in elevation, accompanied with sections, plans, and details, and a diagram, in which the construction of this curious piece of workmanship is shewn geometrically." "The remain plates exhibit the detail, which includes some objects of the most curious description; among other masonic freaks displayed in the structure, are seen two corbels in which the terminations are made to appear as if they were ribbons tied in knots." "The windows of the church, which are partly lancet-shaped and partly foliated, are detailed with measurements in correct style, and the contruction of the tracery is shewn geometrically." "Two curious winding staircases are worthy of notice; the newels end in ribs resembling the bars of a crown: they form the subject of two perspective views. One of the plates contains the detail of a structure styled a Confessional: if it be correctly designated, it is an almost unique example of this appendage, which, however commonly met with in the Roman Catholic churches of the present day, either did not exist in our ancient churches, or the remains must, in every other instance, have been so completely removed as to leave a reasonable ground for doubting their presence, a circumstance far from probable, if they had formed permanent structures of stone like the one here represented." "Perspective views of the exterior, and of portions of the interior of the cathedral, are given, as well as of a plain but bold circular arched gateway of the Norman period, known as the Abbey gate. The whole form a"

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1839 part 2 p.172 "very good collection of views of the church, and afford a good example of the entire illustrations, which we hope to see completed with an equal degree of merit." "We need not add how highly we approve of Mr. Billings' praiseworthy attempt to complete Mr. Britton's undertaking. He has our good wishes, and we trust he will receive from the hands of the public sufficient patronage to enable him to fill up the entire series, which will then truly deserve the character of a national work; one that in extent, as well as in the object it embraces, will be a credit to the enterprise of both gentlemen by whose exertions the work was projected, carried on, and finished."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:- Architectural Illustrations. - History and Description of Carlisle Cathedral
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1840 part 2 p.155 From a review of Architectural Illustrations. - History and Description of Carlisle Cathedral, by R. W. Billings. "MR. BILLINGS' very excellent series of illustrations of the unfinished, mutilated, and decayed cathedral of Carlisle, is now brought to a conclusion, and completed by the addition of a letter-press description of the plates. The representations of the church are most copious. In the words of the author, "the comparatively unknown church of St. Mary at Carlisle has now a more extended architectural survey published than any other cathedral in Britain; by which means the whole mass of the building might be rebuilt." This cathedral boasts a choir, which, in point of architectural effect, is perhaps unrivalled in this country. The eastern window is probably the most beautiful example of the flowing tracery of the 14th century in existence. The author has drawn a very minute and accurate comparison between this splendid example and the celebrated west window of York Minster. The dates of the two are nearly coeval; - that at Carlisle being erected shortly after 1292, and the York specimen between 1291 and 1330. Although the Carlisle window is, so far as respects a great portion of the interior face of the tracery, in an unfinished state, it is manifestly superior in point of design to its better known and more admired contemporary. The laborious investigation which Mr. Billings made of this window is evinced by his elevation of the tracery, in which the stones and their joints are distinctly marked out and numbered." "The plates of the choir exhibit a display of architecture so beautiful, that the spectator cannot help viewing it with a feeling of regret when he finds that it is the only portion of the structure which has been completed in this exquisite style; and of indignation when he sees that the legal guardians of the pile are so blind to its merits as to suffer it to fall into ruin by almost total neglect. The gable over the principal eastern window was almost unique in its ornaments. The parapet in its original state was crocketed and ornamented with no less than nine crosses, of which one was placed on the apex, and the other eight on the side of the raking parapet. All the crosses have been destroyed; more, perhaps, from the effects of time than the hands of fanaticism; but one is preserved in the cathedral, and from which Mr. Billings is enabled to make an elevation in a restored state." "The stalls and woodwork of the"

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag 1840
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1840 part 2 p.156 "interior of the choir are equally rich; and until the end of the last century it presented one of the most splendid displays of carved work in this country, at least. A considerable portion of this most beautiful carved work was removed, to allow of a series of arches of carpernter's Gothic design to be substituted. So lamentably are our finest churches injured, more effectually by those who are bound to take an interest in their preservation than by actual outrage." "We cannot think the structure depicted in plates xl. xli. xlii. and xliii. is rightly styled a confessional. Judging from the position of the monk and the penitent represented in plate xliii. the confession must have been anything but auricular." "Surely Mr. Billings does not give the stained glass coloured after the original in plate xv. as an example either of beauty or purity. The glass must have been set up in very recent times, and that by the meanest glazier in Carlisle." "Pl..xxxix. shows a perspective of a very fine crypt under the Fratery. It is of early date, and the architecture very interesting and curious." "The following passage evinces great carelessness in allusion to a carving of some roses in the cathedral. We are told in a note that "when whitewashed they may have been emblematical of the house of Lancaster: but that coating being taken away, instantly changed the rose (from the colour of the stone) into Yorkist." Surely Mr. Billings does not suppose that the white rose was the Lancastrian badge!" "The ingenious author of the present illustrations has announced his intention of proceeding with all the cathedrals left undone by Mr. Britton. We truly hope he will receive the support he justly merits, and that he will be enabled to complete the series in the same style as the present. We believe Durham will be the subject of the next illustration." "..."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:- stained glass
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1847 part 1 pp.645-646 page 645:- "CUMBERLAND." "The Dean and Chapter are proceeding with the restoration of Carlisle Cathedral. A Handsome parapet has been erected along the front of the gallery over the triforium on the north side of the choir. The design is an open quatrefoil, and adds much to the beauty of one of the most richly decorated choirs in England. Work-" page 646:- "[Work]men are now employed in repairing the window on the west side of the transept, preparatory to the insertion of a stained glass memorial of the late Chancellor, the Rev. W. Fletcher, M.A."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1853 part 2 p.391 "... ..." "Tenders for the restoration of Carlisle Cathedral have been received from four competitors. Messrs. Dove and Vasey, for 11,631l. 7s. 7d. were the successful parties, their offer being 5,000l. below the highest. The alterations contemplated are extensive. The groined ceiling of the choir is to be removed, and the ancient circular ceiling restored. This alteration alone will cost about 1,000l. The window in the north transept is to be replaced by one in harmony with the style of the building. The present entrance from Castle-street will be closed, and a main doorway made in the south transept, facing the abbey. The removal of houses in front of the large east window will afford space for an ornamental entrance; but this is not included in the specifications. The eastern window is to be taken down and restored, and the flat roof of the transept will be removed. The ground surrounding the cathedral is to be lowered. these alterations are to be completed in three years, the service going on without interruption. Builder." "... ..."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:- fresco
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1854 part 1 p.512 "SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES." "March 30. ..." "Dr. Augustus Guest, F.S.A. communicated an account which he had recieved from Mr. C. H. Purday, accompanying a drawing of a fresco recently discovered on the north-east pier of the central tower of Carlisle cathedral. Dr. Guest suggested that this painting was intended to represent an incident in the life of St. Cuthbert as related by Beda, where the death of St. Aidan was revealed to the holy man while tending his flocks. This explanation, however, was not considered satisfactory, inasmuch as there is no flock represented in the picture. At the head of the sleeper are two horned animals, seated in something like heraldic postures. The Almighty is appearing to him, and an angle, now partially obliterated, is making some direct communication to his ears." "..."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1855 part 2 p.632 "Dr. Charlton then read a paper on the Runic Inscriptions from Carlisle and Falstone. Introducing his subject he noticed the paucity of Runic inscriptions in Britain, although many parts of the island were long under Scandinavian rule. ..." "... ..." "... Dr. Charlton next took up the Runic inscription recently found in Carlisle cathedral, surrounded by marks of the working masons. ... The Carlisle inscription is pure Scandinavian - one of the few Norse records that have been discovered in the island. ... In the present year, upon an ordinary wall-stone inside of the west wall of the south transept of Carlisle cathedral, near to the S.W. angle, and about three feet above the floor, was discovered, by Mr. C. H. Purday, the intelligent clerk of the works now in progress, the inscription already mentioned. It had been covered over with plaster and white-wash; and to this, in all probability, it owes its present state of preservation - for the letters are but faintly scratched with a tool. The words appear to be - "TOLF(O)HN(AR) RAITA THEKSI RUNR A THISI STAIN" (the letters between parentheses being doubtful). No proper name, known to Dr. Charlton, answers to" goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1855 part 2 p.633 "the first word, or any part of it; and perhaps no name is intended; but, in allusion to the masons' marks around the inscription, some waggish workmen, using characters not commonly understood, may have inscribed - "Tolf (twelve) ohnar (idlers) cut these marks on these stones." And yet, in that case, the last word should be plural, stainr, and not stain; but such violations of grammar are not uncommon in Runes. The inscriber of the puzzle may have come from the Isle of Man; for it is to this period (the tenth and eleventh centuries) that the inscriptions now existing there, in Scandinavian Runes, are referred by Professor Munsch."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:- cross
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1855 part 1 p.288 "The Dean of Carlisle communicated the recent discovery of part of an ancient cross, or head-stone, built into the wall and brought to light during the works now in progress at Carlisle Cathedral. A representation of this interesting relique was sent by Mr. Purday, the clerk of the works, and he stated that it had been found in the walls of the south transept, and had probably been placed there about the year 1300. It has been supposed that this cross, which is rudely formed and of singular fashion, may be assigned to the period when the Cathedral was rebuilt by Egfrid king of Northumberland, in the seventh century. Several objects of the Roman age have been discovered during the restoration now in progress at Carlisle Cathedral. An historical sketch of that ancient fabric has been lately published by the Dean."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:- Historical Sketch of Carlisle Cathedral
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1855 part 1 p.281 book review "... ..." "An Historical Sketch of Carlisle Cathedral. A Lecture delivered at the Carlisle Mechanics' institution, Jan. 9, 1855. By the Very Rev. A. C. Tait, D.C.L. Dean of Carlisle. - In the present day the devoted student of archaeology meets with many encouragements which were denied his less favoured predecessors of former generations. His pusuits are no longer despised by the supercilious scholar and consequently no longer ridiculed by the" goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1855 part 1 p.282 "frivolous multitude. The antiquary, having taken courage, and ventured forth from his cell in Somerset House, finds himself courteously received in all the provinces, where well-educated men of every class co-operate with him to the best of their power, expressing their sense of the merits and utility of his pursuits, and only lamenting their own comparative inexperience of his peculiar lines of study. This honour has he received a hundred times during the last few years, from men of talent and judgment, as well as rank and education; and the result has been to the mutual advantage and pleasure of those who have thus overcome unreasonable distastes and antipathies. In some cases men of accomplished scholarship, though not hitherto versed in archaeological enquiries, have been tempted themselves to embark on the illustration of our national antiquities, and have at once discovered in their pursuit a greater interest than they have previously suspected. In the present instance, we have the late learned Master of Rugby coming forward to instruct the townsmen of Carlisle upon the historical antiquities of their ancient church and town, disclaiming at the outset any pretensions to adequate architectural knowledge of his subject, or sufficient antiquarian research, and yet producing a composition which will diffuse instructive information, and cherish a just appreciation of the treasures of antiquity, more efficiently than many a strictly professional dissertation, because offered in an attractive form, and from an authority to which all would be predisposed to listen and pay respect. Important repairs are now in progress in the cathedral church of Carlisle, under the superintendence of Mr. Christian; and any proceeds that may arise from the sale of the present Lecture will be appropriated to stained glass for the windows. It presents an interesting review of the early history of the North, particularly in the time of our Norman kings, connecting the progress and influence of public events with the rise and increase of the city and church of Carlisle."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1856 part 1 p.276 "Notes of the Month" "... ..." "Some differences of opinion having been entertained as to the best manner of redecorating the waggon-roof of Carlisle Cathedral, it was at length determined to call in the advice of Mr. Owen Jones. Accordingly that gentleman visited Carlisle, and has sent in his recommendations, which have been adopted. The panels are to have a groundwork of bright azure, powdered with gold stars; the ribs and bosses are to be painted various colours, red, blue, &c. and the coats of arms and other armorial bearings accurately restored; the angles which surround the cornice are to be gilded and coloured, and the large angels on the hammer-beams are" goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1856 part 1 p.277 "to be treated in a similar manner. When completed, there will be nothing in this country that will exceed it for elegance and beauty. The cost will not be less than 700l. or 800l. The restoration of the other portions of the cathedral is progressing rapidly, and it is expected that before the close of the year the service of the Church of England will be resumed within its walls. A new organ will be placed in the gallery at the end of the choir, where the old one stood." "... ..."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:- Civil War; Cathedrals Prior to the Civil Wars
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1858 part 2 p.479 "CATHEDRALS PRIOR TO THE CIVIL WARS." "THE earliest printed description of an English cathedral does not date further back than the eighteenth century. ..." "For the long period which intervened between the Reformation and the accession of the House of Hanover, we have only the partial and cursory observations of detached writers, and the narrative, in the "Mercuries" of the day, of the sacrilegious outrages committed by the unscrupulous Hazelrigge and Waller. These, necessaily, permit us rather to guess than see the actual state of the cathedrals at a period of great importance, that immediately preceding the wars of the King and Parliament, -" ""That violent commotion, which o'erthrew, In town, and city, and sequestered glen, Altar, and cross, and church of solemn roof."" "Fortunately, a MS. which now lies before us affords a curious, and at times, a minute insight into the actual state of the churches, the number and order of the ornaments, the efficiency of the choir, the behaviour of the clergy, the aspect of the structure and its adjacent close, with glimpses of everyday life, customs, and manners, long fallen into desuetude." "In the year 1634, three gentlemen of "Merry Norwich," a Captain, Lieutenant, and Auncient, took their journey a-foot to see, not foreign lands, or make the grand tour, but with the better and more patriotic and sensible purpose of acquainting themselves with the beauty and antiquities of their own country. They were persons of observant miinds, devotional temper, and a considerable fund of quiet humour; in fact, the very companions we should choose for good fellowship in the long vacation, on a long bright summer's day. Their journey lay through twenty-six of the English counties, and commenced on August 11. Persons whose daily life is spent in a cathedral town, are very frequently those least acquainted with its history and architecture; what we can do any day we very often put off to an indefinte period; Westminster Abbey is more familiar to strangers from the country, we are bold to say, than to the two millions who dwell within the sound of Bow bells: our worthy officers are no exception, for not a syllable occurs in reference to the chief ornament of their native city." "The triumvirate were voluntary members of the military company of Norwich, officers of train band or militia. ..."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag 1858
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1858 part 2 p.480 "..." "But we are forgetting the main object of their quest, the churches, -" ""Whose towers bear heads so high they kiss the clouds, And strangers ne'er beheld but wondered at: ... ... to satisfy their eyes With the memorials and things of fame That do renown each city."" "..."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag 1858
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1858 part 2 p.482 Carlisle Cathedral "..." "The three travellers were sorely disappointed at their next cathedral stage, CARLISLE, "nothing so fair and stately as those we had seen." There were sixteen petty canons and singing-men; there are now two minor canons and eight lay vicars. The worthy Lieutenant now fairly looses his temper:- "It is like a great wild country church, and as it appeared outwardly, so was it inwardly, neither beautified nor adorned one whit. The organs and voices did well agree, the one being like a shrill bagpipe, the other like the Scottish tone; the sermon in the like accent. The communion was administered and received in a wild and irreverent manner." Merry Carlisle had not forgotten the days of forays, when the Black Wills of the Border carried off cattle from under its castle walls." "... ..."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:- cross
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1858 part 1 p.188 Archaeological Institute? "... ..." "Mr Purday exhibited a drawing of an inscribed fragment of a cross found lately at Carlisle Cathedral, and pronounced by Mr. Westwood to be of the seventh century, and a relique of unusual interest." "... ..."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1863 part 1 p.356 "HUGH DE BEAULIEU AT CARLISLE." "MR. URBAN, - In your last Number Mr. Thompson takes exception to a statement made by the Rev. F. W. Baker, at the meeting of the Christchurch Archaeological Society^d, that Bishop Hugh built the choir of Carlisle Cathedral; and infers that "the Norman choir, which was finished in 1101, remained intact until the time of De Everdon." The latter statement is confuted by entires for works about the altar in 1188 (Nicolson and Burn, 252; Jefferson, p.123, note); and Mr. Baker, it is fair to add, has Mr. A. G. Poole on his side: but as the learned disagree, I subjoin a catena of opinions." "Mr. Billing. - "The priory church became the cathedral and remained in the state in which it was erected till the year 1292 ... The columns and arches of that part (the choir) and the whole of the aisles are of the style termed Lancet, which prevailed from 1200 to 1300, and were it not for the fire fixing the date of the reconstruction of the choir-aisles, we should be inclined to give it an earlier date than the year 1292." - (Carlisle, Hist. Acc., pp.2,3.)" "Mr. Purday. - "All who have before written upon this subject ... consider that the immediate cause which led to the rebuilding of the choir was the destructive fire which occurred in the year 1292. But the remains of this choir prove it to have been commenced at an earlier date, and in absence of any historical proofs of the fact except those afforded by the building itself, I shall assign its erection, or rather commencement, to Sylvester de Everdon, who came to the see in 1245, and held it till his death in 1255." - (Arch. of Carlisle Cathedral., p.13.)" "Dean Tait. - "The examination of the architecture shews that the walls of both the south and north aisles, with their arcades and windows, were erected about 1250, in Henry the Third's reign." - (Hist. Sketch &c., p.21.)" "Lysons. - "Thirteenth Century. The aisles of the choir of Carlisle ... and the pointed arches ... are in the style of the latter part of this century." - (Mag. Brit. Cumb., p.cxc.)" "Mr. J. H. Parker. - "The choir was entirely rebuilt in the thirteenth century." - (Rickman, p.152.) "A.D. 1292, a great fire occurred at Carlisle, in which the cathedral was burnt: this destroyed the timber vault over the central space of the choir, but the vaulted roof of the aisles preserved the outer walls from injury. ... The piers were obliged to be rebuilt; this was skilfully done without disturbing the arches or the vaults, &c." - (Ibid. 323.)" "Re. G. A. Poole. - "The history must" "^d GENT. MAG., Jan. 1863, p.69." goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1863 part 1 p.357 "be wrong in declaring that no changes were made till 1292, and I believe you will infer with me that Hugh de Beaulieu is the prelate who is deprived of his just claim on the thanks of the church of Carlisle ... We conclude that the choir ... was really the work of Hugh de Beaulieu soon after 1218." (Table of Eng. Bish., p.16, North. Arch. Soc. Publ.)" "No doubt the correct date is the latter half of the thirteenth century, to whatever manipulation the works may have been subsequently subjected. Still, as your correspodent is an advocate for conjecture, Bishop Hugh, as Mr. Poole suggests, fired with the remembrance of the rising beauty of Beaulieu, may have commenced building at Carlisle even during the short tenure of the see." "I am, &c." "MACKENZIE E. C. WALCOTT, M.A., F.S.A."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1863 part 1 p.495 "THE CHOIR OF CARLISLE CATHEDRAL." "MR. URBAN, - The authorities quoted by Mr. Mackenzie Walcott in your last number agree in ascribing the choir of Carlisle to the latter half of the thirteenth century, with the exception of the Rev. G. A. Pole. who assigns it, without quoting any authority, to Hugh of Beaulieu, which must be an erroneous supposition. It is the most beautiful choir of its style that we possess, and was erecetd at the time the early English was fully developed, which was not until at least fifty years after the death of Hugh. Besides, having alienated the possessions of the see, it is not at all probable that he would have the welfare of the convent so much at heart as to design (even supposing he were capable) so beautiful a structure." "The quotation from Nicholson and Burn of entries for works about the altar in 1188, so far from confuting my opinion of the Norman choir remaining until the commencement of the present one, rather confirms it, by presuming that the structural choir having been completed, the attention of the monks was directed to the decorations of the altar. - I am, &c.," "EDWARD THOMPSON." "Newcastle-upon-Tyne," "March 16, 1863."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1863 part 1 p.69 Meeting of the Christchurch Archaeological and Natural History Society, 25 Sept. "... ..." "Several abbots of Beaulieu were distinguished men in their day. The second abbot was appointed third Bishop of Carlisle, and built the choir of Carlisle ..."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag 1863
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1863 part 1 p.220 "THE ABBOTS OF BEAULIEU AND THE CHOIR OF CARLISLE." "MR. URBAN, - In your report of the meeting of the Christchurch Archaeological and Natural History Society, held on the 25th of September, 1862^d, you state "the second abbot of Beaulieu was appointed third bishop of Carlisle, and built the choir of Carlisle." Although the name of this dignitary is not stated I presume Hugh de Bello Loco is meant. He was elected bishop in 1218, on the application of King Henry III. to the then reigning pontiff. He alienated several of the possessions of the see, and died miserably at the abbey of La Ferte, in Normandy, in 1223. I therefore conjecture (and, as Mr. Clayton very justly remarked at the last monthly meeting of our Society of Antiquaries, "it is the business of an antiquary to conjecture,") that De Bello Loco had no hand in the erection of the present choir, which was not commenced until the time of Silvester de Everdon, who became bishop in 1245. It was approaching completion when, in 1292, a disastrous fire occurring, rendered extensive reparation necessary. The arches which escaped destruction were propped up by what Mr. Parker calls a clever piece of engineering, until the piers were rebuilt. The choir was elongated one bay in the fourteenth century, and the beautiful east window erected. It may, perhaps, be objected that the abbot of Beaulieu might have designed a previous choir; this I would meet by inferring that the Norman choir, which was finished in 1101, remained intact until the time of De Everdon. - I am, &c." "EDWARD THOMPSON." "Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Jan. 12, 1863." "^d GENT. MAG., Jan. 1863, p.69."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1865 part 2 p.171 "Documentary History of English Cathedrals." "... ..." "CARLISLE." "1292. The Church burned. - Tota Civitas Karleolensis concremata est et combusta cum tota abbatia. - Hemingford, i. 39." "1133. The See founded. - Ann. Wav., Gale, ii. 151." "1090. The Church restored. - Hemingford, c. xv.; Ibid., 463." "... ..." (Other cathedrals have their entries in ascending date order.)

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag 1865 item:- fire, Carlisle Cathedral
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1865 part 2 p.725 "... ..." "CARLISLE." "1318. Archbishop Melton says in an indulgence that a sudden fire had burned the church of Carlisle, with houses and buildings "ad extremam consumptionem." - Raine's Hexham, i. p.lxiii." "1359 Cum dilecti filii Prior et Capitulum Ecclesiae nostre Cathedralis B. Mariae Karliol. Chorum dicte Ecclesie nostre ad decorem Domus Domini inceperint opere construere sumptuoso, ad quod noverimus fidelium subsidium opportunum; cum ad tanti operis consummationem dictorum Prioris et Capituli proprie non sueditant facultates, &c. - Reg. Welton, fol.64." "... ..."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:- poem
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1866 part 1 p.50 At a meeting of the Archaeological Institute:- "... ..." "The Rev. Mackenzie Walcott, precentor of Chichester Cathedral, brought eight leaves of a French poem, a fragment of valuable MS. of the 13th century. This curious relic of early literature had been found in some French music books in the Chapter Library of Carlisle Cathedral." "... ..."

evidence:-	old text:- Harper 1907
source data:-	HP01p142.txt Page 142:- "... it was in 1644-45 that the city endured the longest and most severe siege in its history. ..." "It was upon the surrender ending this memorable siege that Carlisle Cathedral suffered so greatly. The visitor who first sets eyes upon the venerable pile finds himself bewildered by its unusual proportions, and has some difficulty in distinguishing which end is east and which west. He has been used, everywhere else, to see the nave of a cathedral much longer than its choir, and to see the building stretching away westward from the central tower five and six times the length of the eastern, or choir, limb. Here, however, when he has definitely settled his bearings, he perceives the choir to be more than thrice the length of the nave." "This present odd aspect of the Cathedral, looking as though it had been twisted bodily round, is entirely owing to the fury with which the soldiery fell upon it, after the siege. Where there were once eight bays to the Early Norman nave, there are now but two: the rest all went as so much rough stone wherewith to repair the walls of the city and to erect guard-houses: a curious reversion to its early use, for it was from the ancient Roman wall that these stones came in Norman times." "..." HP01p143.txt Page 143:- "..." click to enlarge HP0123.jpg "EAST END, CARLISLE CATHEDRAL." "..." item:- JandMN : 1055.24 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old map:- Nurse 1918
source data:-	Map, The Diocese of Carlisle, Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire North of the Sands, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Rev Euston J Nurse, published by Charles Thurnam and Sons, 11 English Street, Carlisle, Cumberland, 2nd edn 1939. NUR1NY35.jpg "CARLISLE" Drawing of the cathedral. item:- JandMN : 27 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old text:- Burrow 1920s
source data:-	Road book, strip maps with parts in Westmorland, Cumberland etc, irregular scales about 1.5 miles to 1 inch, by E J Burrow and Co, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, 1920s. "... The cathedral no longer has its former magnificent size, the nave being only a quarter of its ancient length, but it contains rich examples of medieval art and being built of red sandstone like the cathedrals of Chester and Lichfield it glows with warm colour in the sun. ..."

evidence:-	old map:- Burrow 1920s
source data:-	Road book, On the Road, Dunlop Pictorial Road Plans, volume V, strip maps with parts in Westmorland, Cumberland etc, irregular scale about 1.5 miles to 1 inch, by E J Burrow and Co, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, 1920s. EJB3Vg60.jpg item:- private collection : 17 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- placename:- Carlisle Cathedral
source data:-	Print, halftone photograph, The Choir, Carlisle Cathedral, Carlisle, by Valentine and Sons, published by Cumberland Motor Services, Tangier Street, Whitehaven, Cumberland, about 1926. click to enlarge CS105.jpg On p.22 of Cumberland its Lakes and Mountains. lower right "WP" printed, bottom, left right "Valentine &Sons, Ltd. Photo. / The Choir, CARLISLE CATHEDRAL." item:- JandMN : 1022.5 Image © see bottom of page

	stained glass

	stained glass - coats of arms

evidence:-	database:- Listed Buildings 2010 placename:- Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity
source data:-	courtesy of English Heritage "CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF THE HOLY AND UNDIVIDED TRINITY / / / CARLISLE / CARLISLE / CUMBRIA / I / 386592 / NY3990555958"
source data:-	courtesy of English Heritage "Priory Church and Cathedral, now all Cathedral. Early C12 with various rebuildings until the early C15, with 1652 alterations to west end; minor 1764 alterations; 1846 (by Thomas Nelson) and 1853-57 restorations by Ewan Christian; 1950s restoration and vestry etc additions. Oldest parts are of mixed red and calciferous squared sandstone blocks; the remainder is red sandstone ashlar, heavily restored, on chamfered plinth, with stepped buttresses carried up as pinnacles; string courses, dentilled cornices and solid parapets, battlemented on tower. Steeply pitched lead roofs, copper on south transept and flat on tower; coped gables, that at east end with numerous cross finials. Early C12 nave originally 7 bays, now 2 bays with a fragment of the 3rd bay remaining as buttresses, with aisles and north vestry. South transept also C12 with C13 chantry chapel (dedicated to St Catherine); north transept is late C14 incorporating part of C12 structure (original transept thought to have been destroyed when the tower fell in 1380). Tower rebuilt late C14/early C15." "INTERIOR: 7-bay choir is internally C13 but completed in the late C14, the east window is probably c1380. Nave has triforium and clerestory in Norman style with some internal distortion due to subsidence; the west wall is c.1652 with 1870 windows; some of the other windows in the nave are later insertions; north door (now internal) was added in 1813-4 and gives access to the 1956 vestry. Blocked south doorway to cloisters appears to have been C12. South transept of similar Norman details, the south door is 1856 (here originally the dormitory range joined the Cathedral and roof line can be seen externally); chapel has panelled and traceried wooden screens of late C15. North transept has 1858 inserted north window to memory of Dean Tait's children replacing earlier windows of 1764 and c1380; former external window now internal, lit the crossing when the transept had a flat roof (similar windows over nave and south transept were removed in 1855-7 restoration). Choir has C13 arches on clustered columns with elaborately carved capitals representing the 12 seasons. C15 choir stalls with later C15 mural painting on the backs. Barrel-vaulted ceiling is painted with stars on a blue ground and coats-of-arms of local gentry (originally to the design of Owen Jones in 1856 and replacing a similar medieval ceiling covered by a false ceiling in 1764). East window contains medieval glass in tracery head, the lower glass having been removed in 1764, was replaced with the present plain glass in 1862. For fuller details of the interior see Pevsner (1967) and the Pitkin guide to the Cathedral." "Pevsner N: The Buildings of England: Cumberland &Westmorland: 1967-: P.88-94" "Pitkin Guide to the Cathedral"

evidence:-	database:- Listed Buildings 2010
source data:-	courtesy of English Heritage "RAILINGS AND GATES AT EAST END OF CATHEDRAL / / / CARLISLE / CARLISLE / CUMBRIA / II / 386593 / NY3994555938"
source data:-	courtesy of English Heritage "Railings and gates. 1930, by John F. Matthew of Messrs Lorimer and Matthew, Edinburgh; restored 1989. Wrought-iron slightly-curving railings forming the eastern boundary of The Abbey and gates, originally intended to be closed at night. Divided vertically into 7 panels, the off-centre gates forming 2 of the panels. Low horizontal interwoven band and a frieze of scrolls and varying interwoven flowers. The panels flanking the gates have vertical scrolled features carried up as piers. For detailed photographs and further details see Artwork. (Artwork: Winter Ed.: 1930-: P.242-7)."

evidence:-	database:- Listed Buildings 2010
source data:-	courtesy of English Heritage "RUINS OF DORMITORY OF FORMER PRIORY OF ST MARY / / / CARLISLE / CARLISLE / CUMBRIA / I / 386595 / NY3989155924"
source data:-	courtesy of English Heritage "Dormitory (or dorter) for the Priory of St Mary, now in ruins. Mid or late C13. Large blocks of red sandstone with ashlar dressings. This former 2-storey building extended in a north-south alignment from the south transept of the Cathedral and joined the Fratry at right angles, forming the east range of the Cloisters. The west wall survives in part at ground floor level and has a pointed-arched doorway with trumeau; this gave access through the undercroft as a vestibule for the Chapter House opposite. The east wall has almost entirely gone, only the pointed-arched doorway into the Chapter House survives. Inside the west wall are the springers for the rib vaulting of the undercroft, which continue along the east wall of the Fratry; on the inside of the east wall is a further springer. On the east side of the Chapter House doorway (inside the Chapter House) is the beginning of the ribbed blind arching. Excavations (unpublished) in the 1950s revealed the ground level one metre below the present surface with medieval tiles in place in the Chapter House (now lifted). The slype arches which continued the wall to link with the Cathedral on the north were removed in 1809 as part of the new layout of the Cathedral grounds (see Carlisle Journal, 15 April 1809). For proposals to convert the ruins into the Cathedral Library in 1693, see JH Martindale, CWAAS, Trans.NS, XXIV. An engraving from a drawing by Thomas Hearne shows the ground floor intact in 1777 and a similar drawing viewed from the Cloisters by Robert Carlyle c1791, are in Carlisle Museum. (Cumb. & West. Antiquarian &Archaeological Soc. New Series: Martindale JH: XXIV: Remains of Conventual Buildings, Augustin.Priory, Carlisle: P.1-16)."

evidence:-	database:- Listed Buildings 2010 placename:- Bishops Registry item:- date stone (1699)
source data:-	courtesy of English Heritage "BISHOPS REGISTRY / / / CARLISLE / CARLISLE / CUMBRIA / II[star] / 386597 / NY3981255942"
source data:-	courtesy of English Heritage "Former Cathedral library, at one time used as a registry, now unoccupied. Dated and inscribed frieze over entrance THOMAS CARLIOL AD 1699 (Thomas Smith, the Bishop of Carlisle). English bond brickwork on red sandstone plinth, the chamfer and all other dressings of calciferous sandstone; V-jointed quoins and eaves cornice. Graduated greenslate roof with coped gables and kneelers; brick and ashlar gable chimney stacks. Single storey, 2 bays. Central C20 panelled door in bolection architrave under swan-neck pediment enclosing bishops mitre (possibly all C20 replacement, when compared with other weathering on stonework); up semicircular steps. C20 wooden mullioned leaded windows in replacement bolection architraves. Right return wall has been partly rebuilt in red sandstone." "INTERIOR has plain whitewashed brick walls without fixtures."

evidence:-	old print:- Calverley 1899 item:- runes; Dolfin Runes; Tolfinae; graffiti; cross
source data:-	West wall of south transept:- The Dolfin runes:- click to enlarge CV1070.jpg 'Copied from Stephens'. Various readings:- "Dolfin [raised] this stone in sorrow for the soul of his son." "Twelve idlers cut these marks on these stones." "Dolfin wrote this stone in memory of Ulfar." and lastly:- "TOLFINAE UARAITA ThAESI RUNR A ThISI STAIN" which is:- "Tolfinae wrote these runes on this stone." in the room over St Catherine's Chapel:- click to enlarge CV1071.jpg Copied from the Archaeological Journal In the Friary:- click to enlarge CV1072.jpg Copied from the Archaeological Journal item:- JandMN : 190 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- placename:- Carlisle Cathedral item:- religion
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, Carlisle Cathedral, from the South East, Carlisle, Cumberland, published about 1860s. click to enlarge PR0591.jpg printed at bottom:- "CARLISLE CATHEDRAL, FROM THE SOUTH-EAST." item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.539 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Thurnam 1835
source data:-	Print, uncoloured lithograph, Carlisle from Primrose Bank, Cumberland, drawn by M E Nutter, lithographed by P Gauci, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Ackermann and Co, by Hodgson, Boys, and Graves, and by Charles Tilt, London, 1835. click to enlarge THM102.jpg Included in Carlisle in the Olden Time. printed at bottom:- "Drawn by M. E. Nutter from the original sketch. / P. Gauci lith. / CARLISLE FROM PRIMROSE BANK. / UPWARDS OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO. / Carlisle, Published by Charles Thurnam. / London. Ackermann & Co. - Hodgson, Boys, and Graves & Charles Tilt. / Printed by Graf &Soret." item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.123.2 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Thurnam 1835
source data:-	Print, uncoloured lithograph, Carlisle from near Stanwix Bank, Cumberland, drawn by M E Nutter, lithographed by Giles, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Ackermann and Co, by Hodgson, Boys, and Graves, and by Charles Tilt, London, 1835. click to enlarge THM103.jpg Included in Carlisle in the Olden Time. printed at bottom:- "Drawn by M. E. Nutter from the original sketch. / Giles lithog. / CARLISLE FROM NEAR STANWIX BANK. / UPWARDS OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO. / Carlisle, Published by Charles Thurnam. / London. Ackermann & Co. - Hodgson, Boys, and Graves & Charles Tilt. / Printed by Graf &Soret." item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.123.3 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Thurnam 1835
source data:-	Print, uncoloured lithograph, The Cathedral, from the Abbey, Carlisle, Cumberland, drawn by M E Nutter, lithographed by A Picken, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Ackermann and Co, by Hodgson, Boys, and Graves, and by Charles Tilt, London, 1835. click to enlarge THM108.jpg Included in Carlisle in the Olden Time. printed at bottom:- "Drawn by M. E. Nutter. / On stone by A. Picken. / THE CATHEDRAL, FROM THE ABBEY. / Carlisle, Pub'd by Chas. Thurnam,- London, Ackermann & Co. Hodgson, Boys, and Graves & Chas. Tilt. 1835. / Day &Haghe liths. to the King, [London.]" item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.123.8 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Thurnam 1835
source data:-	Print, uncoloured lithograph, The Abbey Gate, Carlisle, Cumberland, drawn by M E Nutter, lithographed by Paul Gauci, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Ackermann and Co, by Hodgson, Boys, and Graves, and by Charles Tilt, London, 1835. click to enlarge THM109.jpg Included in Carlisle in the Olden Time. printed at bottom:- "Drawn by M. E. Nutter. / Paul Gauci lith. / THE ABBEY GATE. / INSIDE. / Carlisle, Published by Charles Thurnam. / London, Ackermann & Co.- Hodgson, Boys, and Graves &Charles Tilt." item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.123.9 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Thurnam 1835
source data:-	Print, uncoloured lithograph, The Refectory in the Abbey, Carlisle, Cumberland, drawn by M E Nutter, lithographed by Giles, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Ackermann and Co, by Hodgson, Boys, and Graves, and by Charles Tilt, London, 1835. click to enlarge THM110.jpg Included in Carlisle in the Olden Time. printed at bottom:- "Drawn by M. E. Nutter. / Giles lithog. / THE REFECTORY IN THE ABBEY. / Carlisle, Published by Charles Thurnam. / London, Ackermann & Co.- Hodgson, Boys, and Graves & Charles Tilt. / Printed by Graf &Soret." item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.123.10 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Thurnam 1835
source data:-	Print, uncoloured lithograph, The Cloisters, Carlisle, Cumberland, drawn by M E Nutter, lithographed by Giles, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Ackermann and Co, by Hodgson, Boys, and Graves, and by Charles Tilt, London, 1835. click to enlarge THM111.jpg Included in Carlisle in the Olden Time. printed at bottom:- "Drawn by M. E. Nutter. / Giles lith. / THE CLOISTERS. / Carlisle, Published by Charles Thurnam. / London, Ackermann & Co.- Hodgson, Boys, and Graves & Charles Tilt. / Printed by Graf &Soret." item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.123.11 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Rose 1832-35 item:- pulpit; Paley Pulpit
source data:-	Print, engraving, Interior of Carlisle Cathedral, Cumberland, by Thomas Allom, engraved by J W Lowry, 1833. click to enlarge R266.jpg "Interior of Carlisle Cathedral, Cumberland" The pulpit is the 'Paley Pulpit' now at St Andrew, Thursby. item:- JandMN : 96.21 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- placename:- Carlisle Cathedral item:- religion
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, Carlisle Cathedral, SE View, drawn and engraved by John Coney, published by Longman and Co, Lackington and Co, and Joseph Harding, London, 1822. click to enlarge PR0546.jpg printed at bottom:- "Drawn & Engraved by John Coney, / Carlisle Cathedral, S.E. View. / London: Published March 25, 1822, by Longman & Co. Lackington &Co. and Joseph Harding." item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.495 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Jollie 1811 placename:- Cathedral Church, Carlisle
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, Ground Plan of the Cathedral Church, Carlisle, Cumberland, published by Francis Jollie and Sons, Carlisle, Cumberland, 1811. click to enlarge JL0702.jpg Tipped in opposite part 1 p.17 of Jollie's Cumberland Guide and Directory. item:- Armitt Library : A214.3 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Jollie 1811
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving 5 views - Deanery from the City Wall, SW View of the Fratry, NW View of the Cathedral, NE View of the Castle, and Gate of the Castle, Carlisle, Cumberland, published by Francis Jollie and Sons, Carlisle, Cumberland, 1811. click to enlarge JL0701.jpg Folded and tipped in opposite part 1 p.15 of Jollie's Cumberland Guide and Directory. item:- Armitt Library : A214.2 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Lowther 1780s-90s
source data:-	Print, engraving, Cathedral Church of Carlile ie Carlisle Cathedral, Cumbria, by J Harris, late 18th century. click to enlarge BMZ97.jpg item:- Dove Cottage : Lowther.63 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Lowther 1780s-90s placename:- St Mary's Church placename:- Cathedraal Church of St Mary
source data:-	Print, engraving, View of the Cathedral Church of St Mary at Carlisle, Cumbria, by Hamilton, late 18th century. click to enlarge BMZ96.jpg item:- Dove Cottage : Lowther.62 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- item:- religion
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, Cathedral, Carlisle, Cumberland, perhaps late 18th century. click to enlarge PR0589.jpg printed at bottom:- "Cathedral, Carlisle" item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.537 Image © see bottom of page

	ring of bells

:-	2 cross slab grave covers.
	Ryder, Peter: 2001: Cross Slab Grave Covers of Cumbria: Cumbria CC (Carlisle, Cumbria)

evidence:-	old drawing:-
source data:-	Drawing, Cathedral Close, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Thomas Bushby, 1917. click to enlarge PR1325.jpg Squared drawing; sketch of the cathedral from within the close. signed &dated at bottom right:- "Thos. Bushby 1917" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1996.252.1 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old drawing:-
source data:-	Drawing, Precincts of Carlisle Cathedral, Cumberland, by Thomas Bushby, 1917. click to enlarge PR1336.jpg View of Cathedral from the south, partially obscured by a substantial residence standing in tree filled grounds. signed &dated at bottom right:- "Thos; Bushby, Sept; 5th 1917" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1996.252.21 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old drawing:- item:- gateway; Prior Slee's Gateway
source data:-	Drawing, Prior Slee's Gateway, Cathedral Close, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Thomas Bushby, 1917. click to enlarge PR1337.jpg Inside cathedral close; view of gateway in centre of composition through which Abbey Street is glimpsed. dated at bottom right:- "Sept.12.1917" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1996.252.22 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old print:- Greenwood 1834 (Cmd) placename:- Carlisle Cathedral
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, Map of the County of Cumberland, scale about 3 miles to 1 inch, by C and J Greenwood, published by Greenwood and Co, 13 Regent Street, Pall Mall, London, 1830-34. click to enlarge GW11V1.jpg item:- JandMN : 412 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Spencer 1772 placename:- Carlisle
source data:-	Print, hand coloured engraving, A Prospect of the City of Carlisle in Cumberland, published by John Cooke, Shakespear's Head, Pater Noster Row, London, 1772. click to enlarge SPN201.jpg item:- Hampshire Museums : B2002.84.2 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:-
source data:-	Print, engraving, Carlisle Cathedral, Cumberland, by Jan Kip, 1712. click to enlarge PR1355.jpg Illustration of Carlisle Cathedral used in Britannia Illustrata. item:- Tullie House Museum : 2000.492 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:- item:- memorial
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, Bishop Edmund Law Memorial in Carlisle Cathedral, Cumberland, by Robert Carlyle snr, 1793. click to enlarge PR1249.jpg Included in an album The Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of St Mary. Copy of wall mounted sculpture to Bishop Edmund Law in Carlisle Cathedral. Made for Storer's Graphic and Historical Descriptions of the Cathedrals of Great Britain. inscribed at centre:- "Edmund Law" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1978.108.77.24 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:- item:- memorial
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, Canon Reverend Thomas Wilson Memorial in Carlisle Cathedral, Cumberland, by Robert Carlyle snr, 1793. click to enlarge PR1250.jpg Included in an album The Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of St Mary. Copy of stone wall tablet in memory of Canon Reverend Thomas Wilson in Carlisle Cathedral. Made for Storer's Graphic and Historical Descriptions of the Cathedrals of Great Britain. inscribed at centre:- "Thomas Wilson" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1978.108.77.25 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:- item:- monumental brass
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, Monumental Brass of Bishop Henry Robinson, Carlisle Cathedral, Cumberland, by Robert Carlyle snr, 1793. click to enlarge PR1241.jpg Included in an album The Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of St Mary. Copy of the brass in Carlisle Cathedral of Bishop Henry Robinson. Made for Storer's Graphic and Historical Descriptions of the Cathedrals of Great Britain. signed at bottom right:- "by Robert Carlile. 1793" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1978.108.77.16 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:- item:- monumental brass
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, Monumental Brass of Bishop Richard Bell, Carlisle Cathedral, Cumberland, by Robert Carlyle snr, 1793. click to enlarge PR1240.jpg Included in an album The Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of St Mary. Copy of the only medieval brass in Carlisle Cathedral over the tomb of Bishop Richard Bell. Made for Storer's Graphic and Historical Descriptions of the Cathedrals of Great Britain. item:- Tullie House Museum : 1978.108.77.15 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:- item:- effigy
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, Bishop Barrow's Tomb in Carlisle Cathedral, Cumberland, by Robert Carlyle snr, 1793. click to enlarge PR1254.jpg Included in an album The Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of St Mary. Copy of medieval stone tomb effigy to Bishop Barrow in Carlisle Cathedral. Made for Storer's Graphic and Historical Descriptions of the Cathedrals of Great Britain. inscribed at centre top:- "BISHOP BARROW'S TOMB, he died A.D.1429." item:- Tullie House Museum : 1978.108.77.29 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:- item:- effigy
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, Bishop Stirkland's Tomb in Carlisle Cathedral, Cumberland, by Robert Carlyle snr, 1793. click to enlarge PR1253.jpg Included in an album The Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of St Mary. Copy of medieval stone tomb effigy to Bishop Stirkland in Carlisle Cathedral. Made for Storer's Graphic and Historical Descriptions of the Cathedrals of Great Britain. inscribed at centre top:- "BISHOP STRICKLAND'S TOMB, he died A.D.1419." item:- Tullie House Museum : 1978.108.77.28 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old drawing:- item:- pump
source data:-	Drawing, From Reverend S Goodenough's Yard, Carlisle Cathedral, Cumberland, by Matthew Ellis Nutter, 1835? click to enlarge PR1225.jpg Detailed sketch of a walled yard beside the fratry in the cathedral close. To right stands a pump and stone trough with several wooden pails and a broom propped beside it. To left stands the wall of the fratry. In centre of composition, beyond the wall, rises the cathedral. inscribed at bottom right:- "From Rev'd S Goodenough's Yard" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1978.108.75.18 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:-
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, The Cathedral Church of Saint Mary Carlisle, Cumberland, by Robert Carlyle snr, 1793. click to enlarge PR1232.jpg Frontispiece to watercolour album The Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of St Mary. The page includes text and an oval watercolour of Carlisle Cathedral from the west. The view is taken from the western bank of the Corporation Dam millrace looking east. Two fishermen are on the western bank of millrace in the foreground. West Walls, the Deanery and Carlisle Cathedral can be seen beyond. Made for Storer's Graphic and Historical Descriptions of the Cathedrals of Great Britain. inscribed at front:- "THE Antiquities OF THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF Saint Mary CARLISLE DRAWN BY ROBERT CARLILE. MDCCXC111." item:- Tullie House Museum : 1978.108.77.2 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old drawing:- placename:- Cathedral Church of Carlisle
source data:-	Drawing, pen and ink, A Ground Plan of the Cathedral Church of Carlisle, Cumberland, by Robert Carlyle snr, 1793. click to enlarge PR1233.jpg Included in an album of The Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of St Mar.y Floor plan of the interior of Carlisle Cathedral with lettered key and description of each area. Made for Storer's Graphic and Historical Descriptions of the Cathedrals of Great Britain. inscribed at front:- "A GROUND PLAN of the CATHEDRAL CHURCH of CARLISLE." item:- Tullie House Museum : 1978.108.77.4 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:- placename:- Cathedral Church of Carlisle
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, South East View of the Cathedral Church of Carlisle, Cumberland, by Robert Carlyle snr, 1793. click to enlarge PR1236.jpg Included in an album The Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of St Mary. View of Carlisle Cathedral from the south east with graveyard in the foreground. two men stand conversing beside a gravestone. a man and woman walk towards the cathedral. Made for Storer's Graphic and Historical Descriptions of the Cathedrals of Great Britain. inscribed at below centre:- "SOUTH EAST VIEW of the CATHEDRAL CHURCH of CARLISLE" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1978.108.77.9 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:- placename:- Carlisle Cathedral
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, Inside View of the Choir of Carlisle Cathedral, Cumberland, by Robert Carlyle snr, 1793. click to enlarge PR1237.jpg Included in an album The Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of St Mary. View of the choir of Carlisle Cathedral showing the East window and ceiling. Two men stand in the central aisle with their hands pointing to each side of the choir. Made for Storer's Graphic and Historical Descriptions of the Cathedrals of Great Britain. inscribed at below centre:- "INSIDE VIEW of the CHOIR of CARLISLE CATHEDRAL" signed at bottom left:- "Drawn on the spot by Robt. Carlile." item:- Tullie House Museum : 1978.108.77.10 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:- placename:- Cathedral Church of Carlisle
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, Cathedral Church of Carlisle, Cumberland, by Robert Carlyle snr, 1793. click to enlarge PR1238.jpg Included in an album The Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of St Mary. View of Carlisle Cathedral from the south east with graveyard in the foreground. three men stand conversing beside the gravestones. Made for Storer's Graphic and Historical Descriptions of the Cathedrals of Great Britain. inscribed at below centre:- "CATHEDRAL CHURCH of CARLISLE" signed at bottom left:- "Drawn by Robt. Carlile" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1978.108.77.11 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:- placename:- Carlisle Cathedral
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, Carlisle Cathedral from Dr Goodenough's Yard, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Matthew Ellis Nutter, 1840. click to enlarge PR1156.jpg View of the cathedral through the open gateway of a walled yard. A small house stands to right of composition, a barrel standing beneath its downspout. inscribed & dated &signed at bottom centre:- "Carlisle Cathedral from Dr Goodenough's Yard 1840 M.E. Nutter" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1974.80 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old print:- placename:- Carlisle Cathedral
source data:-	Print, Carlisle Cathedral, Chapter House and Choir, Cumberland, by Read, engraved by Josiah Wood Whymper, London, 1840s. click to enlarge PR1179.jpg upper image - view of Carlisle Cathedral and its graveyard. lower left - to left of composition stands the chapter house and to right stands the cathedral, partially obscured by trees. A rainbow and storm clouds hover overhead. lower right - choir of Carlisle cathedral with three figures at the far end. Rays of slanting sunlight enter through the windows to right of composition. signed at bottom left on print:- "READ" printed at bottom centre:- "CARLISLE CATHEDRAL. CHAPTER HOUSE CHOIR" signed at bottom right on print:- "WHIMPER" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1976.169.2.11 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old drawing:-
source data:-	Drawing, Entrance to St Catherine's Chapel, Carlisle Cathedral, Cumberland, by Samuel Bough, 1837. click to enlarge PR1192.jpg Beneath a high archway a tracery screen with incorporated doorway leads from main body of cathedral through to a small chapel. signed &dated at bottom left:- "Sam Bough 1837" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1978.108.10 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:-
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, Interior of Carlisle Cathedral, Carlisle, Cumberland, by William Henry Nutter, 1835. click to enlarge PR1154.jpg Interior of the cathedral with three clerics, two of whom pause to talk beside the pulpit which stands in front of the central of three arches which have a tall carved screeen between them. Slanting shafts of light are thrown across the scene. item:- Tullie House Museum : 1974.60.2 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old drawing:-
source data:-	Drawing, Cathedral From Dr Goodenough's Yard, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Matthew Ellis Nutter, 1835? click to enlarge PR1221.jpg Detailed sketch of the gated entrance to a walled yard adjoining a sandstone house in the cathedral close. To right, a barrel stands beneath a downpipe, a pail lying beside it. The cathedral stands beyond, in centre of composition. inscribed at bottom left:- "Cathedral from Dr Goodenough's Yard / [ ]" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1978.108.75.14 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old drawing:-
source data:-	Drawing, In the Abbey Grounds, Carlisle Cathedral, Cumberland, by Matthew Ellis Nutter, 1835? click to enlarge PR1224.jpg Detailed sketch of a walled approach to the cathedral. To left stands a building adjoining West Walls; to right, a tall stone wall with two gates in it and outbuildings attached. A double gate stands open at the far end of the approach with a view through to the cathedral close proper. To right, a substantial sandstone building partially obscures the view of the cathedral, the tower of which is visible to extreme right of composition. inscribed at bottom right:- "In the Abbey" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1978.108.75.17 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:- item:- moonlight
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, Carlisle Cathedral from Paternoster Row, by Moonlight, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Thomas Bushby, about 1900. click to enlarge PR1120.jpg Moonlit scene; beyond its sandstone perimeter wall Carlisle Cathedral rises in silhouette against a cloudless nght sky. It is viewed through the leafless branches of a tall tree. signed &dated at bottom right:- "Thos. Bushby 19[ ]" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1971.87.8 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:- item:- street lamp; costume
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, Moonrise, Carlisle Cathedral, Cumberland, by Thomas Bushby, 1897. click to enlarge PR1116.jpg View of Carlisle Cathedral and its walled grounds from Castle Street; several children are caught in the lamplight as they gather at the street corner to right of composition. A full moon gleams through the thin clouds above the cathedral which stands in centre of composition. signed &dated at bottom left:- "Thos. Bushby. 1897" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1971.87.4 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:-
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, Carlisle Cathedral from the North West, Carlisle, Cumberland, by William Henry Nutter, 1840s-50s. click to enlarge PR1090.jpg Summertime; view of the cathedral from its deserted graveyard. item:- Tullie House Museum : 1970.80.17 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old drawing:-
source data:-	Drawing, Carlisle Cathedral; Entrance to St Catherine's Chapel, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Samuel Bough, 1838. click to enlarge PR1097.jpg Beneath a high arch an openwork screen with incorporated doorway leads from main body of cathedral to chapel beyond. signed at bottom left:- "S Bough" dated at bottom right:- "1838" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1970.80.24 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:- placename:- Carlisle Cathedral item:- pump
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, Carlisle Cathedral, East Window from the Black Swan Yard, Carlisle, Cumberland, by William Henry Nutter, 1835. click to enlarge PR1153.jpg A man hitches a white horse to a cart in the walled yard adjoining a tall sandstone building to right of composition and a stable block to left. He converses with a woman seated on the stone trough beside a water pump to right hand side of yard; her face is hidden by her poke bonnet. A basket partially covered with a cloth lies nearby. The cathedral rises above the far wall, in centre of composition. signed &dated at bottom left:- "Wm H Nutter 1835" inscribed at reverse:- "Carlisle Cathedral, East Window from the Black Swan Yard WH Nutter 1835" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1974.60.1 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old drawing:- placename:- Carlisle Cathedral item:- monument
source data:-	Drawing, two sketches, Monuments in Carlisle Cathedral, Cumberland, by Samuel Bough, 1838-43? click to enlarge PR1098.jpg Tomb of a bishop set in an arched stone niche. Tomb of a bishop; decorated with quatrefoil carving. inscribed at bottom centre:- "Monuments in Carlisle Cathedral" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1970.80.25 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:- placename:- Carlisle Cathedral item:- gravestone
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, Robert Anderson's Grave, Carlisle Cathedral, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Thomas Bushby, 1895. click to enlarge PR1050.jpg Sheep and lambs graze in an overgrown and deserted churchyard in which Robert Anderson's grave is marked by a square sandstone monument with a carved inscription reading 'ERECTED BY PUBLIC SUBSCRIPTION TO THE MEMORY OF ROBERT ANDERSON THE CUMBERLAND BARD DIED SEPTEMBER 26TH 1833 AGED 63 YEARS' inscribed at bottom left:- "Robert Anderson's Grave, Carlisle Cathedral" signed &dated at bottom right:- "Thos. Bushby 1895" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1970.33.34 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old print:-
source data:-	Print, engraving, Carlisle Cathedral, drawn by Thomas Hearne, engraved by William Byrne and I Sparrow, published by William Byrne, 75 Titchfield Street, London, 1802. click to enlarge PR0992.jpg inscribed at bottom left on print:- "Drawn by T.Hearne F.S.A" printed at bottom:- "London Published as the Act directs Oct'r 15 1802, by W. Byrne No 75 Titchfield Street To the Right Revd Edwd Venables Vernon, Lord bishop of Carlisle, This View of CARLISLE CATHEDRAL is inscribed, By his LORDSHIP'S most obedient humble Servant, William Byrne." inscribed at bottom right on print:- "Engraved by W.Byrne F.S.A. and I.Sparrow." item:- Tullie House Museum : 1964.119.2 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:- placename:- Carlisle Cathedral
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, The Choir of Carlisle Cathedral, Cumberland, by Robert Carlyle snr, 1792. click to enlarge PR1077.jpg Interior of choir of Carlisle Cathedral looking towards the arched tracery window. Four figures; two gentlemen stand conversing near pulpit in foreground as a lady and gentleman stand in contemplation of the architecture. Illustration for Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of St Mary, Carlisle. Published 1792 inscribed at bottom left:- "Drawn on the spot by Robt Carlile. 1792." inscribed at bottom centre:- "The CHOIR of CARLISLE CATHEDRAL" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1970.80.2 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:-
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, South West View of the Refectory, Carlisle Cathedral, Cumberland, by Robert Carlyle snr, 1791. click to enlarge PR0914.jpg Summertime; in centre of composition stands the refectory, grass growing on its buttresses, the figure of a young boy emerging from its arched doorway to right. In centre, a single gentleman with a cane walks by whilst to left, two gentlemen stand conversing. One of a set of 11 original drawings for proposed aquatints The Antiquities of the City of Carlisle, 1791. inscribed at bottom centre:- "SOUTH WEST VIEW of the REFECTORY, CARLISLE." item:- Tullie House Museum : 1935.80.8 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:-
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, Remains of the Dormitory now called the Cloisters, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Robert Carlyle snr, 1791. click to enlarge PR0913.jpg View of the cloisters adjoining the refectory from within the cathedral close. In centre foreground a gentleman directs an elderly man, gesturing beneath the leftmost arch through which a track leads to the graveyard beyond. One of a set of 11 original drawings for proposed aquatints The Antiquities of the City of Carlisle, 1791. The work was adapted by Matthew Ellis Nutter, being executed as one of a series of 17 works by Carlyle and published by Thurnam as Carlisle in the Olden Time, 1835. See CALMG:1978.108.74.12 inscribed at bottom centre:- "REMAINS of the DORMITORY now called the CLOISTERS, CARLISLE." item:- Tullie House Museum : 1935.80.9 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old drawing:-
source data:-	Drawing, Henry Robinson, Bishop of Carlisle, Cumberland, by Robert Carlyle snr, about 1792. click to enlarge PR1078.jpg Bishop Robinson kneels in the foreground, wearing clerical robes and skullcap and supporting a staff with one arm whilst holding a candle in his other hand. As he looks out towards the viewer he makes the sign of the benediction. Behind him, to right, stands Carlisle cathedral and its associated buildings. To left are gathered a group of agricultural workers and their flocks. An angel looks down from above. Verses and inscriptions are scattered throughout. item:- Tullie House Museum : 1970.80.3 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old drawing:-
source data:-	Drawing, East Window, Carlisle Cathedral, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Edward H Buckler, 1860s. click to enlarge PR0895.jpg View of cathedral from the east; a couple walk along the path in front of it, accompanied by a prancing dog. item:- Tullie House Museum : 1929.30.1 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old drawing:-
source data:-	Drawing, Carlisle Cathedral from the South West, Main Entrance, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Edward H Buckler, 1860s. click to enlarge PR0896.jpg In centre foreground a couple approach the cathedral entrance, their backs to the viewer. item:- Tullie House Museum : 1929.30.2 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old drawing:-
source data:-	Drawing, Carlisle Cathedral from the West, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Edward H Buckler, 1860s. click to enlarge PR0897.jpg Carlisle cathedral stands to left of composition, its fratry to right; in centre foreground a woman advances, accompanied by a child. To their left a couple walk arm in arm towards the cathedral entrance, their backs to the viewer. item:- Tullie House Museum : 1929.30.3 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old drawing:-
source data:-	Drawing, North or Tait Window, Carlisle Cathedral, From the Interior, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Edward H Buckler, 1860s. click to enlarge PR0898.jpg Cathedral interior with a view along the aisle leading towards the North Window; in centre foreground walk two figures wearing clerical robes whilst beyond them a couple stand in contemplation of the window. item:- Tullie House Museum : 1929.30.4 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old drawing:-
source data:-	Drawing, South Aisle, Carlisle Cathedral; Interior Looking East, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Edward H Buckler, 1860s. click to enlarge PR0899.jpg Cathedral interior with a view down the vaulted south aisle to left of composition; a figure wearing clerical robes approaches a young woman standing there alone. To right of composition stands the cathedral entrance, deserted, its walls adorned with memorial tablets and a carved screen filling the lower portion of an arch through which the ribs and corbels of other arches are glimpsed. item:- Tullie House Museum : 1929.30.5 Image © Tullie House Museum

evidence:-	old painting:- placename:- Cathedral Church of Carlisle
source data:-	Painting, watercolour, North West View of the Cathedral Church of Carlisle, Cumberland, by Robert Carlyle snr, 1791. click to enlarge PR0911.jpg Carlisle Cathedral viewed from the graveyard. To left, a horse stands grazing. In centre, three workmen converse, oneof them sitting on a stone tomb, the other two leaning on their spades. One of a set of 11 original drawings for proposed aquatints The Antiquities of the City of Carlisle, 1791 inscribed at bottom left:- "Drawn by Robt Carlile." inscribed at bottom centre:- "NORTH WEST VIEW of the CATHHEDRAL CHURCH of CARLISLE." item:- Tullie House Museum : 1935.80.6 Image © Tullie House Museum

	kneelers of bishops

	medieval wall paintings

	notes on misericords

	BYB25.jpg Organ. (taken 5.4.2013) BRR04.jpg Organ pipes. (taken 29.9.2009) BYB45.jpg Organ pipes. (taken 5.4.2013) BYB27.jpg Carving in the choir. (taken 5.4.2013) BYB28.jpg Carving in the choir. (taken 5.4.2013) BYB46.jpg Graffiti in the choir. (taken 5.4.2013) BYB47.jpg Graffiti in the choir. (taken 5.4.2013) BYB26.jpg Roof. (taken 5.4.2013) BYB50.jpg Roof boss, a green man. (taken 5.4.2013) BYB39.jpg Chest. (taken 5.4.2013) CEI75.jpg (taken 13.11.2015) CEI76.jpg Effigy. (taken 13.11.2015) CEI77.jpg Pulpit. (taken 13.11.2015) CEI70.jpg Altar piece, south chapel. (taken 13.11.2015) CEI71.jpg Altar piece, south chapel. (taken 13.11.2015) CEI72.jpg Altar piece, south chapel. (taken 13.11.2015) CEI08.jpg War memorial. (taken 13.11.2015) BYB24.jpg Grave marker, William Paley, died 1805. (taken 5.4.2013) CEI73.jpg Memorial, Walter Fletcher d.1846. (taken 13.11.2015) CEI74.jpg Memorial, Christopher William Hutchinson d.1822. (taken 13.11.2015) BLW51.jpg (taken 19.4.2006) BXI15.jpg Gravestone, G D Graham, founder of the RAF Mountain Rescue Service, died 1980. (taken 17.9.2012) BXI08.jpg Model of the abbey in 1540. (taken 17.9.2012) BLW52.jpg Coat of arms of Carlisle Diocese, on the cathedral gates. (taken 19.4.2006)

	dedication
person:-	: Holy Trinity
place:-	Carlisle / Carlisle Diocese

	personal
person:-	poet : Anderson, Robert
place:-	burial place
date:-	1833
	Gravestone in churchyard; memorial in the cathedral.

	personal
person:-	poet : Scott, Walter, Sir
person:-	: Charpentier, Margaret Charlotte; Carpenter, Charlotte
place:-	wedding place
date:-	1797

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