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start of Cumberland |
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Page 174:-
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#x002A; faciendum procuravit.
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... ... ...
GADVNO
VLP. TRAI
EM. AL. PET
MARTIVS
[*] F. P. C.
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#x002A; cohorte.
#x002A; dum.
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D. M.
FL. MARTIO SEN.
IN [*] C. CARVETIOR
QUESTORIO
VIXIT AN XXXXV
MARTIOLA FILIA ET
HERES PONEN
[*] ... ... CVRAVIT
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#x002A; fratri et filiae titulum posuit
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D.M. CROTILO GERMANVS VIX
ANIS XXVI GRECA VIX ANIS IIII
VIND[ ]CIANVS [*] FRA. ET FIL. TIT. PO.
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Great and Little Salkeld.
Long Megg, and her daughters.
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Long Meg and Her
Daughters
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The Eden, having now received the Eimot, runs by obscure
villages and castles northward through both Salkelds.
At the lesser stands a kind of circle of 77 stones, each ten
feet high, and before them at the entrance a single one 15
feet high. The common people hereabouts call this Long
Megg, and the rest her daughters, and within the
circle are two heaps of stones, under which they say the
bodies of the slain were buried. And indeed it is probable
enough that this is a monument of some victory.
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Kirk Oswald.
Armanthwayte. Corby. Wetheral.
VIROSIDUM. Warwic. Linstock. OLENACUM.
Peterill and Caud rivers.
Graystock.
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Kirkoswald
Warwick
Virosidum
Olenacum
Greystoke
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From hence the Eden runs by Kirk Oswald, dedicated to
St. Oswald, formerly the property of that Hugh
Morvill, who, with his accomplices, murdered Thomas
archbishop of Canterbury, in memory of which fact the sword
which he then used was long preserved here; thence by
Armanthwayte, a castle of the Skeltons:
Corby, a castle of the noble and antient family of
the Salkelds, which received great addition of wealth
by marriage with the heiress of Rosgill:
Wetheral, formerly a small monastery cell to the
abbey of St. Mary at York, where are certain cells cut out
of a rock for places of retreat [f]. Thence by
Warwic, which I take to be VIROSIDUM, where the 6th
cohort of the Nervii was formerly stationed on the wall
against the Picts and Scots, and in the last age a strong
stone bridge was built at the expence of the Salkelds
and Richmonds: Linstock, a castle of the
bishops of Carlisle, in the barony of Crosby, which
barony Waltheof, son of earl Gospatric and lord of
Allerdale, gave to the church of Carlisle, and which
I take to be called by contraction from OLENACUM. For that
place seems to have been on the wall where the first Ala
Herculea served against the barbarians. Eden, now ready to
discharge itself into its frith, receives two rivers at
once, the Peterill and the Caud, which run
almost parallel to each other from the south. On the
Peterill, besides PETRIANAE beforementioned, stands
Greistocke, formerly a castle of the sometime
illustrious family, which derive their descent from one
Ranulph Fitz Walter, of whose descendants William de
Graystock married Mary daughter and coheir of Roger
de Merley, lord of Morpath, by whom she had a
son John, who, having no issue, obtained leave of Edward I.
to convey his estate to his aunt's son Ranulph de
Granthorpe, son of William, whose posterity, after
having been long very considerable, became extinct about the
reign of Henry VII. and their estate passed by marriage to
the barons Dacre: but the two heiresses general of the last
baron Dacre were married to the sons of Thomas Howard, late
duke of Norfolk.
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Copper mines. Caudebec.
Highyate. Rose c. CONGAVATA
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Caldbeck
copper mines
Rose Castle
Congavata
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On the Caude, besides the copper mines at Caudebeck,
is Highyate, a castle of the Richmonds, and a neat
castle of the bishops of Carlisle, called The Rose
Castle, which also seems to have been CONGAVATA, where
the second cohort of the Lergi kept guard; for
Congavata signifies in British the valley on the
Gavata, now contracted into Caude. But the
precise situation of this place I cannot yet point out.
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CARLISLE. LUGUVALLUM.
Lugus or Lucus, its meaning among the Gauls
and Britans. Lugdunum, Lucotecia, or Lutitia
in France.
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Carlisle
Luguvalium
placename, Carlisle
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Between the confluence of these rivers in the best and by
far the most pleaseant spot, stands the very antient city of
Carlisle, defended on the north by the Eden, on the
east by the Peterill, on the west by the
Caude, and besides all these natural fortifications
with strong stone walls, a castle, and a citadel, as
it is called. It is of a somewhat oblong form running from
west to east. On the west is the castle of considerable
extent, which, by his arms, appears to have been repaired by
Richard III. Almost in the centre of the city rises the
cathedral church, whose upper part is of modern erection in
a handsome style; but the lower part much older. On the east
the citadel built and fortified by king Henry VIII. serves
for a defence. The Romans and Britans called this place
LUGU-VALLUM and LUGU-BALLIUM, or LUGU-BALLUM [g], the
Saxons, according to Bede Luell [h]. Ptolomy, as some
think LEUCOPIBIA, Nennius Caer Lualid, the silly
prophecies of the Britons Duball's City, we
Carlisle, and modern Latin writers Carleolum.
For our historians all agree that Luguballia and Carleolum
were the same. In tracing its etymology, what infinite pains
have been taken by our countryman Leland [i], who at last
was forced to believe that the Eden was called Lug,
and that Ballum comes from vallis, thus making
Lugu-vallum, the valley on the Lug. If
I may be allowed to offer a conjecture, I should suppose
Vallum, and Vallia derived from the well known
Roman military Vallum, which runs be- (sic) the city, it
being called by Antoninus LUGU-VALLUM AD VALLUM. This Picts
wall afterwards erected on the Vallum of Severus is still
visible at Stanwicks, a little village, a little
beyond the river Eden, over which is now a wooden bridge,
and crosses the river overagainst the castle, where in the
bed of the river are still remains of it, huge stones.
Pomponius Mela [k] tells us, that Lugus or
Lucus signified a tower among the antient
Celts, who spoke the same language with the Britans. What
Antoninus calls LUGU AUGUSTI he names TURRIS AUGUSTI, so
that Lugu-vallum is and signifies the tower or
fort on the wall. If the French had derived from this
source Lugdunum quasi the tower on the hill,
and Lucotecia [†] (for so the antients called
what we call Lutetia) quasi fair tower, as the words
mean in British, they would have perhaps formed a better
etymology than that which derives the latter from
Lutum (clay), the former from Lugdus, a
fabulous king. That this was a place of consequence under
the Romans ap-
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174.*
E.H. IV. c.27.
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174.†
The old Itinerary lately published says, that Lugdunum
signifies desideratus mons, a desirable mountain.
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[f]
In this dangerous country. H.
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[g]
Luguvallium Ant. Luguvalum Rav. Lagubami. Ib. Vat.
Lugabalia. Malmsb. Legubalia. Flor. Wor.
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[h]
Vit. Cuthb. c.27.
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[i]
Com. in Cygn. Cantio v. Luguballia
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[k]
[blank]
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pears
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gazetteer links
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-- "Armanthwayte Castle" -- Armathwaite Place
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-- "Caudebeck" -- Caldbeck
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-- "Caude, River" -- Caldew, River
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-- Carlisle Castle
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-- Carlisle Cathedral
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-- "Carlisle" -- Carlisle
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-- "Corby Castle" -- Corby Castle
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-- "Eiden, River" -- Eden, River
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-- "Greistocke Castle" -- Greystoke Castle
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-- Hadrian's Wall
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-- "Highyate Castle" -- High Head Castle
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-- "Kirk Oswald" -- Kirkoswald
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-- "Linstock Castle" -- Linstock Castle
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-- "Long Megg" -- Long Meg and Her Daughters
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-- "Old Penrith" -- Voreda
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-- "Rose Castle" -- Rose Castle
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-- Roughtongill Mines
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-- St Constantine's Cells
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-- "Stanwicks" -- Stanwix
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-- Warwick Bridge
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-- "Warwic" -- Warwick
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-- Wetheral Priory
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