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start of Westmorland |
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Page 155:-
[Roger] Holme, which is of Lumley fee; whereof
William de Thweng died seised in 14 Edward III. It was
granted by Henry VIII. with the rest of the Lumley fee to
Allan Bellingham, esq., and now belongs (with the other
Bellingham estates in Westmorland) to the present Earl of
Suffolk and Berkshire.
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Ferry, Windermere
drowning
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About the year 1634, there were 47 persons drowned in this
lake in passing the ferry, coming homewards from Hawkshead
market on a storm arising [k].
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roman fort, Waterhead
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At the upper corner of Windermere water, not far from the
present town of Ambleside, lies the carcase of an antient
city with large ruins of walls, and without the walls the
rubbish of old buildings in many places: adjoining to which
and opening to the water has been a fort of an oblong figure
165 by 100 yards, fortified with a ditch and rampart. Pieces
of bricks, little urns, glass phials, Roman coins, round
stones like mill-stones, of which soldered together they
were wont to make pillars (for hypocausts, and the paved
ways leading to it, are undeniable testimonies of its being
a work of the Romans. And to this place Mr. Horsley supposes
the military ways to have gone which pass by Pap castle and
through Graystock park [l]. This fort is guarded on the west
by the conflux of the rivers Rowthey and Brathey, on the
south by Windermere, a high rock at a small distance
intercepted the north wind, and being fortified with a ditch
and rampart it was only accessible from the south-east [m].
Mr. Ward supposed the name of this station DICTIS, and
removed AMBOGLANA to Burdoswald [n], it being placed
by the Notitia ad lineam valli. Among other pieces of
antiquity discovered in this fort, were several Roman coins
in all metals, which make part of the cabinet given by deed
1674 by Mr. Thomas Brathwate to the university of Oxford
[5], many of them found in Barran's ring, a square
fort in this lordship.
The choir of the parish church of Windermere is
adorned with a beautiful window, said to have been purchased
by the parishioners from Furness abbey at the dissolution,
representing in seven compartments the Crucifixion, St.
George and St. Catharine, and two mitred abbots, with the
arms of England t. Edward III. and of various benefactors
[o].
At a place called Spying How in Troutbeck
constabulary, was a heap of stones called the Raise,
which, being removed to make fences, discovered a chest of
four stones, one on each side, and one at each end, full of
human bones. There is another very large heap called
Woundale Raise [p].
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Ambleside.
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Ambleside
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Ambleside is a small town, whose inhabitants knit and
spin for Kendal market [q]. It is in Windermere and Gresmere
parish, and has a chapel augmented by queen Anne's bounty
[r], and a school founded by Mr. John Kelwich 1723.
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Ridal.
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Rydal
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A mile north of Ambleside, in Gresmere parish, is
Ridal hall, a large antient seat of the Flemings, to
whom this manor descended from the Lancasters t. Henry IV.
The late sir Daniel Fleming communicated many particulars
relating to this and the preceding county to bishop Gibson.
The Flemings were originally of Furness in Lancashire, from
a younger branch of whom the present family here descended.
Sir Daniel was created a baronet about 4 Anne. His 5th son
George was bishop of Carlisle, to whom the title descended,
but is now enjoyed by his next brother's grandson sir
Michael, whose father restored the original orthography of
the name le Fleming. Rydal hall is a large old
building, erected at different times, and intended to be
rebuilt by the present owner. Here two beautiful cascades,
Ridall water and Gresmere lake, to which the
river Rothey serves as one common outlet, are objects of a
traveller's curiosity. The country abounds in wood which is
much used in the iron works [s].
Ridall head in this lordship is a very high mountain,
from whence in a clear day may be seen Lancaster castle and
much further [6].
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Dunmail Raise.
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Dunmail Raise
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On a high pass between the hills near Rydal is a large
Carnedd called Dunmail Wray's stones, collected in
memory of a defeat given 946 to a petty king of Cumberland
by Edmund I. who gave his territory to Malcolm king of
Scotland, on consideration he preserved the peace of the
North of England [t]. The map makes it nine single
stones.
Dunmail Raise is a large mountain, great part whereof is in
Gresmere parish, and is so called from a heap or raise of
stones by the road side, which divides Cumberland from this
county, thrown together either by Dunmail king of Cumberland
as a mark of the utmost border of his kingdom, or by some
other in memory of him [u].
In making a turnpike road from Ambleside to Keswic, about
five or six years ago, they found an urn with bones and
ashes in it, now in the possession of Humphrey Senhouse of
Netherhall, esq.
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Lonsdale.
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Lonsdale gave title of viscount to sir John Lowther
baron Lowther, who was succeeded by his sons Richard and
Henry [7].
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Lune, River
Lonsdale
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"About the borders of Westmorland and Lancastreshire be many
dales, and in one of them a broke giving name to the dale
[x]." Q. Lonesdale.
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Lang gill. Brandreth
stone.
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The river Lune rising a little above Ravenstondale,
or Rissendale, runs by Lang gill, where was
born the learned Dr. Barlow bishop of Lincoln, distinguished
by his great reading and his zeal against popery [8]. After
receiving the Birckbeck it runs down by a field
called Gallaber, where stands Brandreth stone,
a red stone about an ell high with two crosses cut deep on
one side. The tradition of the inhabitants makes it the mere
stone between the English and the Scots, and it is worthy
observation, that it is about the same distance from
Scotland as Rere cross on Stanemore, of which see
before in Richmondshire [9]. It may be the stone of which
Leland VII. 63. says, "There is in Westmorland as it is said
a famous stone as a limes of old time, inscribed."
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Orton.
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Orton
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Orton, or Overton, is a vicarage belonging
formerly to Conishead priory, Lancashire, after the
dissolution to the crown, and by purchase from the latter
settled in feoffees, who present, and the bishop of Carlisle
institutes. The late Dr. Richard Burn, chancellor of the
diocese of Carlisle, author of the Justice of Peace, and a
system of ecclesiastical law, and joint editor of the
History and Antiquities of this county and Cumberland in 2
vols. 4to. 1777, held it
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[k]
Burn, I. 184. A map of this lake by P. Crosthwaite 1783, is
sold on the spot.
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[l]
Ib. 188.
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[m]
West's Furness, p.xlii.
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[n]
Horsl. 483.
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[5]
G. Burn, I. 193, 194.
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[o]
West Ib. 95. Burn, I. 178.
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[p]
Burn, I. 188.
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[q]
Penn. 1769. 36.
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[r]
Burn, I. 189.
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[s]
Ib. 150-174. West's Guide to the Lakes, 79, 82. Mr. Gray's
letters.
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[6]
G.
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[t]
Penn. 37. West's Guide, 84.
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[u]
Burn, Ib. 149.
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[7]
G.
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[z]
Lel. VII. 63.
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[8]
G.
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[9]
G.
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near
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gazetteer links
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-- "Ambleside" -- Ambleside
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-- "Brandreth Stone" -- Brandrith Stone
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-- "Dunmail Wray's Stones" -- Dunmail Raise Stones
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-- "Lang Gill" -- Longdale
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-- "Lune, River" -- Lune, River
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-- "Orton" -- Orton
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-- "Roger Holme" -- Ramp Holme
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-- "Ravenstondale" -- Ravenstonedale
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-- "Dictis" -- Galava
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-- "Ridal Hall" -- Rydal Hall
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-- "Ridall Head" -- Rydal Head
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-- (school, Ambleside)
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-- "Spying Howe" -- Spying How
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-- St Martin's Church
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-- Windermere Ferry (?)
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