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Morecambe Bay
site name:-   Irish Sea
civil parish:-   Aldingham (formerly Lancashire)
civil parish:-   Lower Allithwaite (formerly Lancashire)
civil parish:-   Lower Holker (formerly Lancashire)
county:-   Cumbria
locality type:-   bay
coordinates:-   SD37406840 (etc etc) 
1Km square:-   SD3768
10Km square:-   SD36
county:-   Lancashire
locality type:-   bay
evidence:-   old map:- OS County Series (Wmd 42 15) 
placename:-  Morecambe Bay
source data:-   Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
"MORECAMBE BAY / High Water Mark of Ordinary Spring Tides"
source data:-   Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
"MORE[ ] / High Water Mark of Ordinary Spring Tides"
shows the coastline to be as far west as Saltcote Wood 
source data:-   Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
"[ ] CAMBE BAY / Line of Ordinary High Tides"
evidence:-   probably old map:- Lloyd 1573
source data:-   Map, hand coloured copper plate engraving, Angliae Regni, Kingdom of England, with Wales, scale about 24 miles to 1 inch, authored by Humphrey Lloyd, Denbigh, Clwyd, drawn and engraved by Abraham Ortelius, Netherlands, 1573.
image  click to enlarge
Lld1Cm.jpg
item:-  Hampshire Museums : FA1998.69
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Speed 1611 (Cum/EW) 
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Kingdome of Great Britaine and Ireland, scale about 36 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, about 1610-11, published by Thomas Bassett, Fleet Street and Richard Chiswell, St Paul's Churchyard, London, 1676?
image  click to enlarge
SPD6Cm.jpg
bay 
item:-  private collection : 85
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Ogilby 1675 (plate 38) 
source data:-   Road strip map, hand coloured engraving, continuation of the Road from London to Carlisle, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by John Ogilby, London, 1675.
image
OG38m237.jpg
In mile 237, Lancashire. 
Turning left off the road:-  "to the water side"
item:-  JandMN : 21
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Sanson 1679
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Ancien Royaume de Northumberland aujourdhuy Provinces de Nort, ie the Ancient Kingdom of Northumberland or the Northern Provinces, scale about 9.5 miles to 1 inch, by Nicholas Sanson, Paris, France, 1679.
image  click to enlarge
SAN2Cm.jpg
bay 
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.15
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Morden 1695 (EW) 
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, England, including Wales, scale about 27 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, published by Abel Swale Awnsham and John Churchil, London, about 1695.
image  click to enlarge
MRD3Cm.jpg
bay 
item:-  JandMN : 339
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Stukeley 1723
source data:-   Road map, uncoloured engraving, the Antonine Itineraries through Britain, scale about 55 miles to 1 inch, plotted by William Stukeley, 1723, published London, 1724.
image  click to enlarge
Stu1Cm.jpg
item:-  Hampshire Museums : FA2001.171
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Mackenzie 1776
placename:-  
source data:-   Charts, and sailing directions, Nautical Descriptions of the West Coast of Great Britain, Bristol Channel to Cape Wrath, by Murdoch Mackenzie, published London, 1776.
image MK10P18, button  goto source
Page 18:-  "... ..."
"KENT River."
"The River Kent, between Sunderland and the Piel-of-Foudray, is very dangerous, and not to be attempted by any stranger, except in necessity; as there are neither buoys, perches, or distinct land-marks to point out the channels to one that is not particularly acquainted. When a vessel is forced into this Bay, the only channels to be pursued are, either Furness, or Grange; the former on the west side of Cartmel-wharfs Bank, which dries about low-water only, the other on the E. side of it: at four hours of flood, a vessel, that draws ten or twelve feet, will have sufficient water over Cartmel-wharfs, near the channel. These channels often discover themselves, by the appearance of the water in them; a good look-out is therefore necessary here."
evidence:-   old map:- Pennant 1777
placename:-  Moricambe Aestuarium
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, A Map of Scotland, Hebrides and Part of England, drawn for Thomas Pennant, engraved by J Bayly, published by Benjamin White, London, 1777.
image  click to enlarge
PEN1Cm.jpg
"MORICAMBE AEST"
bay, and sands 
item:-  private collection : 66
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Camden 1789 (Gough Additions) 
placename:-  Cartmel Bay
placename:-  Moricambe
source data:-   Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
image CAM2P142, button  goto source
Page 142:-  "... Ptolemy's MORICAMBE (sic) is Cartmel bay, perhaps from British Moreb, a haven and Cain white or beautiful, from the white rocks on this coast."
"..."
image CAM2P153, button  goto source
Page 153:-  "... Helslack tower, now in ruins. ... Arnside tower, the walls thereof not yet much decayed. These towers seem to have been erected to guard the bay; as there are on the opposite side the vestiges of Broughton tower and Bazin tower, so there is Castle head upon the island in Lindal Pow, and higher up the moses of Methop, Ulva, and Foulsham were inaccessible. In the centre of the bay is Peel castle."
evidence:-   old map:- Ptolemy 1793
placename:-  Moricambe AEstuarium
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Albion et Hibernia Britannicae Insulae, from the data of Claudius Ptolemy, 2nd century, on the example of Gerard Mercator, 16th century, scale about 55 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Basire, published for the Society of Antiquaries, 1793.
image  click to enlarge
PTY3Cm.jpg
"Moricambe AEstuarium"
item:-  Hampshire Museums : FA2002.651
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Horsley 1732
placename:-  Morecambe AEstuar
placename:-  Morecambe Bay
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Britannia Antiqua, roman Britain, scale about 50 miles to 1 inch, by John Horsley, perhaps 1732, edition published about 1869?
image  click to enlarge
HOR1Cm.jpg
"Morecambe AEstuar / Morecambe Bay"
item:-  JandMN : 429
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Ptolemy 1578
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Prima Europe tabula, Europe Map 1, Ptolemy map of roman Britain, by Gerard Mercator, 1578.
image  click to enlarge
Pty1Cm.jpg
item:-  private collection : 13
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Cooke 1802
placename:-  Bay of Morecambe
source data:-   Map, Lancashire, scale about 18 miles to 1 inch, by George Cooke, 1802, bound in Gray's New Book of Roads, 1824, published by Sherwood, Jones and Co, Paternoster Road, London, 1824.
image  click to enlarge
GRA1La.jpg
"BAY OF MORECAMBE"
bay 
item:-  Hampshire Museums : FA2000.62.6
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Perrot 1823
placename:-  Baie de Morecambe
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland and Westmoreland ie Westmorland, scale about 38 miles to 1 inch, by Aristide Michel Perrot, engraved by Migneret, 1823, published by Etienne Ledoux, 9 Rue Guenegaud, Paris, France, 1824-48.
image  click to enlarge
PER2.jpg
"B. de Morecambe"
bay 
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.45
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   descriptive text:- Ford 1839 (3rd edn 1843) 
placename:-  Bay of Morecambe
source data:-   Guide book, A Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by Rev William Ford, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, by W Edwards, 12 Ave Maria Lane, Charles Tilt, Fleet Street, William Smith, 113 Fleet Street, London, by Currie and Bowman, Newcastle, by Bancks and Co, Manchester, by Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, and by Sinclair, Dumfries, 1839.
image FD01P152, button  goto source
Page 152:-  "..."
"... The ruins of Hilslack and Arnside towers are not very distant; they seem to have been erected to guard the Bay of Morecambe. ..."
evidence:-   old map:- Ford 1839 map
placename:-  Morecambe Bay
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Lake District of Cumberland, Westmoreland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, and by R Groombridge, 5 Paternoster Row, London, 3rd edn 1843.
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FD02SD26.jpg
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FD02SD36.jpg
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FD02SD37.jpg
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FD02SD47.jpg
"MORECAMBE BAY"
item:-  JandMN : 100.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Ford 1839 map
placename:-  Morecambe Bay
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Lake District of Cumberland, Westmoreland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, and by R Groombridge, 5 Paternoster Row, London, 3rd edn 1843.
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FD02SD26.jpg
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FD02SD36.jpg
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FD02SD37.jpg
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FD02SD47.jpg
"MORECAMBE BAY"
item:-  JandMN : 100.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Ford 1839 map
placename:-  Morecambe Bay
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Lake District of Cumberland, Westmoreland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, and by R Groombridge, 5 Paternoster Row, London, 3rd edn 1843.
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FD02SD26.jpg
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FD02SD36.jpg
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FD02SD37.jpg
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FD02SD47.jpg
"MORECAMBE BAY"
item:-  JandMN : 100.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Ford 1839 map
placename:-  Morecambe Bay
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Lake District of Cumberland, Westmoreland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, and by R Groombridge, 5 Paternoster Row, London, 3rd edn 1843.
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FD02SD26.jpg
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FD02SD36.jpg
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FD02SD37.jpg
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FD02SD47.jpg
"MORECAMBE BAY"
item:-  JandMN : 100.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Garnett 1850s-60s H
placename:-  Morecambe Bay
source data:-   Map of the English Lakes, in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s.
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GAR2SD36.jpg
"MORECAMBE BAY"
area 
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GAR2SD46.jpg
"MORECAMBE BAY"
item:-  JandMN : 82.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Gents Mag
source data:-   Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922.
image G852B191, button  goto source
Gentleman's Magazine 1852 part 2 p.191  "The reclaiming of Morecambe Bay in Lancashire is at length about to be carried into effect. The right has been purchased from the Admiralty by Messrs. Brogden and Co. and the undertaking will be carried out conjointly with the formation of the Ulverstone and the Lancaster Railway (sic). The rivers Crake and Leven will be confined to a fixed channel, and the bay will no doubt be left in a great measure to silt up. This vast tract, which extends from Tridlea-point (near to the Ulversone Canal foot) to Greenodd, comprises an area of about 145,000 acres."
evidence:-   old print:- Barber 1873
source data:-   Print, ?colour lithograph, Head of Morecambe Bay from Leven Viaduct, published by The Graphotyping Co, 7 Garrick Street and Simpkin, Marshall and Co, Stationers' Hall Court, London, and by J Atkinson, King Street, Ulverston, Cumberland, about 1873.
image  click to enlarge
BB1E03.jpg
"HEAD OF MORECAMBE BAY, FROM LEVEN VIADUCT"
item:-  JandMN : 69.4
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   text:- Rivet and Smith 1979
placename:-  Moricambe
placename:-  Moriacambe
source data:-   Morecambe Bay (whose name is an antiquarian revival). 
evidence:-   old print:- Bogg 1898
item:-  cockles; cart; basket
source data:-   Print, engraving, Cockle Gatherers on Cartmel Sands, Morecambe Bay, by Gilbert Foster, published by Edmund Bogg, 3 Woodhouse Lane, and James Miles, Guildford Street, Leeds, Yorkshire, 1898.
image  click to enlarge
BGG186.jpg
Included on p.220 of Lakeland and Ribblesdale, by Edmund Bogg. 
item:-  JandMN : 231.86
Image © see bottom of page

photograph
BZG15.jpg  Cockling; cart, basket of cockles, etc
(taken 6.9.2013)  courtesy of Lancaster Museums.
photograph
BZG16.jpg  Cockling; cart, basket of cockles, jumbo, etc
(taken 6.9.2013)  courtesy of Lancaster Museums.
Cockles are scooped up from the sand by a fork with three bent iron times, a craam. The jumbo is pounded on the and to make the cockles rise towards the surface.
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