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start of Cumberland |
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Page 190:-
[Den]mark some of the same fashion, and 24 stones set in
circles: and very near my house is a large one called
Harnesly hill, but in writings Harold's hill.
"I have this account of Dr. Todd's history of Cumberland
from one that perused it, that there are several good
remarks and observations in it on Roman remains in
Cumberland and Westmorland, but he has intermixed the
affairs of the country families and antiquities of churches
with the Scotch incursions, in order to engage the gentry
and clergy here to come into subscription [e]."
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VOREDA. Old Penrith.
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Old Penrith
Voreda
Plumpton Wall
roman inscription
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Horsley places VOREDA, Ant. Bremetenracum Not.
Berida of Ravennas, at Old Penrith, and
removes PETRIANA to Cambeck fort or Castle
steeds [f]. The remains of the outbuildings and station
are very considerable; the fort above six chains (132 yards)
long, and five broad, containing about three acres.
Plumton wall is the village near it, and the house
nearest the station the Lough. The station, now
called Castle steeds, lies about 200 yards east from
the Peterel, the ramparts high, and the ditch pretty
perfect; the entrances all visible in the middle of the
sides, the praetorium appears near the north rampart, and
great ruins of a town are on the west side next the river.
The east and west ramparts of the station measure 140 yards,
and the north and south 120. A military way goes hence
towards Keswic, and part of another between this place and
Carlisle is found above foundations of the houses [g]. All
the inscriptions which Mr. Camden saw here are lost [h].
Gadenius on the first has been reckoned among our
northern tutelar deities by Mr. Burton, but Mr. Horsley
thinks it the name of a deceased person, for whom Ulpius
Trajanus Martius erected this monument. If the Gadeni
were here, might he not be a Gadenian? The 3d may be
read, Dis manibus, Flavio Martio senatori (or
seniori) in colonia or civitate (or
cohorti) Carvetiorum quaestori taking the
o after this word for a stop) vixit annos 45,
&c. TIT. in the 4th is titulus, a word that
occurs in Gruter frequently for a monumental stone. In the
2d AICCETUOS and LATTIE are nominative cases of the names of
a mother and daughter. Gruter [i] has L. Atilio
incorrectly [k]. Woodford's MS. gives one like the
conclusion of this
C. LIMISIVS
CHARISSIMAE CONIVGI ET PIEN
TISS. FILIAE ... ... POSVIT
VXOR VIXIT ANNOS XXXX
FILIA XX, [l]
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Pl.X. f.5. Pl.X. f.6.
fig.7.
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Since Mr. Camden's time the inscription in Pl.X. fig.4 has
been found at Lough, and placed in the garden of Dr.
Fleming, dean of Carlisle, at Great Salkeld, broken in three
pieces and part lost [m]. It is the second among us in
honour of Alexander Severus and his mother Mammaea here
called Mater Castrorum, as other empresses on other
inscriptions and the whole imperial family. An altar to
Jupiter [n]. Another [o] to Mogon, the local deity of
the Gadeni, and a similar altar, but plain, and two other
carved stones [p]. An inscription to Jupiter and the
emperors of the name of Philips [q].
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Plumpton.
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At Plumpton, the antient Voreda or
Petriana, near Penrith, was found an altar,
inscribed, Deo Sancto Belatuca aram in the possession
of capt. Dalston [r].
Browne Willis communicated to the Society of Antiquaries
1747, a stone with a bust and this inscription:
D. M.
GEMELLI. C. A
FL. HLARO. S. H. F. C.
found at Castle Steeds near the great fort Petriana.
Mr. Ward, reads it D. M. Gemelli Caius Aurelius Flavius
Hilario sepulcrum hoc fieri curavit. Gemellus
occurs at Binchester, Horsl. Durh. xxix. and Hilario
in Gruter, and the head he supposes Pluto. Libert
being before Hilario in Gruter, he thinks this may be
Flavius libertus.
Plumpton park is held by the Lowthers under the crown [s].
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Long Meg. Addingham.
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Long Meg and Her Daughters
Addingham
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Long Meg and her daughters , in Addingham
parish, q.d. Ald Hengham, a town at the old hanging
stones, is a druidical circle, 300 feet diameter [t], of 100
stones [u], of which 67 are now standing. At the south side
15 paces south-west at the distance of 70 feet or 40 yards
is an upright squarish stone near 15 feet in girth, and 12
high, and near two yards square at bottom and hollow at top
like a Roman altar, one of its angles turned to the circle,
and each angle answering to a cardinal point, and near it
next the circle four large stones, or as Stukeley three,
forming an altar or sacellum, and two towards the east,
west, and north [x]. In the middle of the circle are two
round plots of ground, of a different colour from the rest,
and more stony and barren. Towards Glasenby is a fine
spring, and another surrounded by a large but shallow foss
and vallum. South-west from this work in the next inclosure
is a smaller circle of 20 stones, 50 feet diameter, and at
some distance above it another single stone, regarding it as
Meg does her circle [y].
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Kirk Oswald.
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Kirkoswald Castle
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"Kirk Oswald castle south south-east 12 miles from
Cairluel, and south from Naward, standeth almost on Eden
[z]." It was much improved by sir Hugh Morbill, who got the
town a market t. John [a], and finished, and moated by
Thomas Dacre, who married the heiress of Greystock; but it
is now ruined [b].
"Northward from Ousby on the river Eden standeth the capital
grand castle Kirk Oswald, and a very fine church there and
quondam college: now the noble mansion-house of the late sir
Timothy Fetherstonhaugh, colonel of the king's side, taken
at Wigan when the late lord Witherington was slain. Sir
Timothy was taken prisoner and excuted by beheading at
Chester, by the command of the unworthy col. Mitton, after
the said knight had quarter given him. This great castle of
Kirk Oswald was once the fairest fabrick that ever eyes
looked upon. The hall I have seen 100 yards long, and the
great pourtraiture of king Brute, lying in the end of the
roof of this hall, and of all his succeeding successors,
kings of England, portraieted to the waist, their visages,
hats, feathers, garbs, and habits, in the roof of this hall;
now translated to Naward
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[e]
MS. mong Mr. Gale's correspondence in Mr. Allan's hands.
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[f]
P. 107.
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[g]
P. 111, 112. Burn, II. 420-423.
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[h]
Horsl. 273-4.
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[i]
DCLIII.
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[k]
Horsl. 273,274.
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[l]
Ib.
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[m]
Horsl. Cumb. li.
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[n]
Ib. lii.
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[o]
Ib. liii.
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[p]
Ib. liv.
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[q]
Ib. liia. pref.xx.
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[r]
Archaeol III. 104.
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[s]
Burn, II. 420.
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[t]
80 yards, Todd.
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[u]
72, Todd.
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[x]
Hutchinson, 103. Gent. Mag. 1752. 311. Stuk. I. 47. Burn,
II. 448.
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[y]
Stuk. ib.
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[z]
Lel. VII. 72.
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[a]
Burn, II. 424.
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[b]
Mag. Brit. I. 380. Buck.
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castle
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gazetteer links
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-- "Addingham" -- Addingham
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-- College, The
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-- "Glasenby" -- Glassonby
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-- "Kirk Oswald Castle" -- Kirkoswald Castle
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-- "Kirk Oswald" -- Kirkoswald
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-- Little Meg
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-- "Long Meg and Her Daughters" -- Long Meg and
Her Daughters
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-- "Naward Castle" -- Naworth Castle (?)
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-- "Plumpton Park" -- Plumpton Park
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-- "Petriana" -- Voreda
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