button to main menu  Old Cumbria Gazetteer
roman fort, Redlands Bank
locality:-   Redlands Bank
locality:-   Speedy Moor
civil parish:-   Crackenthorpe (formerly Westmorland)
county:-   Cumbria
locality type:-   roman fort
coordinates:-   NY65052378 (etc) 
1Km square:-   NY6523
10Km square:-   NY62
evidence:-   old map:- OS County Series (Wmd 9) 
source data:-   Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
"CAMP (Site of)"
E of Redlands Bank farm. 
evidence:-   perhaps old map:- Morden 1695 (Wmd) 
placename:-  Camp on Speedymoore
placename:-  Speedymoore, Camp on
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorland, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, published by Abel Swale, the Unicorn, St Paul's Churchyard, Awnsham, and John Churchill, the Black Swan, Paternoster Row, London, 1695.
image
MD10NY62.jpg
"The Camp on Speedymoore"
Circle. 
item:-  JandMN : 24
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   possibly old map:- Simpson 1746 map (Wmd) 
placename:-  Camp on Speedy Moor
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Westmorland, scale about 8 miles to 1 inch, printed by R Walker, Fleet Lane, London, 1746.
image
SMP2NYR.jpg
"The Camp on Speedy Moor"
Circle. 
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.59
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Gents Mag
placename:-  Maiden Hold
item:-  placename, Maiden Hold
source data:-   Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922.
image G7550198, button  goto source
Gentleman's Magazine 1755 p.198  "Mr URBAN, Hemingburgh, April 26."
"WE meet with a short account in some historians of the Maiden Castle, and Maiden Way, in the county of Westmoreland, both which are affirm'd to be Roman. (See particularly Magna Brit. Westmoreland, p. 23) Likewise, in a MS. history of that county by the Rev. Mr Thomas Machel, rector of Kirkby-Thor, we have further mention of the Maiden Hold on Speedy-Moor, near Crackenthorpe. Now, Sir, I would gladly be informed by some of your antiquarian correspondents, in your next Magazine, whence arose the above denomination. Yours, &c Lasenbyensis."
evidence:-   old text:- Gents Mag 1755
source data:-   image G7550272, button  goto source
Gentleman's Magazine 1755 p.272  "Mr URBAN,"
"THE first conception, in investigating the original of the names Maiden-Castle, Maiden-Way, and Maiden-Hold, in the county of Westmoreland, in answer to your correspondent's quere, p.198, is this, that the first and last places being apparently places of strength, as may be judged by their names, which import a fortification of some kind, might be so called from their impregnability, as never having been taken by an enemy; just as we read in Hall's Chronicles, that over the one of the gates of the city of Tournay, Temp. Henry VIII. was written Jamais ton ne a perdue ton pucellage, Thou hast never lost thy maidenhead. And as the motto of Waterford in Ireland formerly imported, Intacta manet Waterfordia, where intacta means virginea, as Hor. Od. i. 7. and Juv. vi. 163, &annot Ovid Art. Am. i. 677. But then this interpretation is not so applicable to a road, or the Maiden-way, the other place mentioned in the query, wherefore admitting, upon the suggestion of the proposer, that all three places were known to the Romans, I rather incline to think, that the first part of these compounds may be of a British original; that the ancient Britons in their time had been settled in these places; that the Romans, upon theur arrival, finding them proper stations, and ready to their hands, continued to make use of them, ..."
evidence:-   old map:- Bowen and Kitchin 1760
placename:-  Camp on Speedy Moor, The
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, A New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland Divided into their Respective Wards, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin et al, published by T Bowles, Robert Sayer, and John Bowles, London, 1760.
image
BO18NY62.jpg
"The Camp on Speedy Moor"
circle 
item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.10
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Jefferys 1770 (Wmd) 
placename:-  Gallatum
source data:-   Map, 4 sheets, The County of Westmoreland, scale 1 inch to 1 mile, surveyed 1768, and engraved and published by Thomas Jefferys, London, 1770.
image
J5NY62SE.jpg
"Gallatum"
antiquity, plan of the fort; roman fort 
item:-  National Library of Scotland : EME.s.47
Image © National Library of Scotland
evidence:-   old text:- Pennant 1773
source data:-   Book, A Tour from Downing to Alston Moor, 1773, by Thomas Pennant, published by Edward Harding, 98 Pall Mall, London, 1801.
image PEN6p149, button  goto source
Pennant's Tour 1773, page 149  "About four miles from Appleby, on the road side, I saw a large Roman camp, with works of defence before each entrance. Its length is about three hundred yards, its breadth about half; and not far from it a small fort. Near the road side, have been found, urns with ashes in them, in the middle of a round pit lined with clay about a yard in depth, it not being customary for the Romans to inter near the sides of the public ways. Not far from it was a pit of a like form, containing ashes and bones, without any urns; so probably was the burial-place of some common people, as the other was of persons of better rank."
evidence:-   old text:- Camden 1789 (Gough Additions) 
source data:-   Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
image CAM2P158, button  goto source
Page 158:-  "..."
"Nigh the way side between Crackenthorp and Kirkby Thore, on the side of the Roman road, is a large Roman camp, 300 yards by 150, having three entrances on each side and at each end, with bulwarks before them, and at about a bowshot distance further by the way side is a small fort called Maidenhold, ..."
evidence:-   old map:- Cary 1789 (edn 1805) 
placename:-  Gallatum
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Westmoreland, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Cary, London, 1789; edition 1805.
image
CY24NY62.jpg
"Gallatum"
rectangular walls across the road; roman fort 
item:-  JandMN : 129
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   site plan:- Historical Monuments 1936
placename:-  Crackenthorpe Camp
source data:-   Site plan, uncoloured lithograph, Crackenthorpe Camp, Crackenthorpe, Westmorland, scale about 1 to 2500, published by Royal Commission on Historical Monuments England, London, 1936.
image  click to enlarge
HMW048.jpg
On p.71 of the Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Westmorland. 
printed, top  "CRACKENTHORPE CAMP"
RCHME no. Wmd, Crackenthorpe 1 
item:-  Armitt Library : A745.48
Image © see bottom of page
see:-    Maidenhold, Crackenthorpe
button to lakes menu  Lakes Guides menu.