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Ennerdale
civil parish:-   Ennerdale and Kinniside (formerly Cumberland)
county:-   Cumbria
locality type:-   valley
coordinates:-   NY108153 (etc etc) 
1Km square:-   NY1015
10Km square:-   NY11

photograph
BUL70.jpg  From Crag Fell.
(taken 27.4.2011)  
photograph
BUX47.jpg (taken 4.7.2011)  
evidence:-   old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Ennerdale
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774.
image
D4NY01NE.jpg
"Ennerdale"
area 
item:-  Carlisle Library : Map 2
Image © Carlisle Library
evidence:-   descriptive text:- West 1778 (11th edn 1821) 
placename:-  Ennerdale
source data:-   Guide book, A Guide to the Lakes, by Thomas West, published by William Pennington, Kendal, Cumbria once Westmorland, and in London, 1778 to 1821.
image WS21P293, button  goto source
Account of Ennerdale, late 18th century 
Page 293:-  "IN a ride from Keswick to Ennerdale, the mountains, between whose bases an irregular avenue opens for the curious tourist, are more variegated than those in other regions of this little world of wonders. In the course of ten minutes' travelling, he will behold the most beautiful verdure climbing to the summit of one, a bushy wood creeping to the top of another, and the most tremendous fragments of rock scowling from the front of a third. The pillar challenges particular notice."
"If a transient storm disturb or intercept the view, which frequently happens in the serenest days of summer, the appearance is not only awful, but pleasing; and the traveller will frequently behold a tempest, without feeling it. The commotion is far above him; and where he treads, all is calm, solemn, and silent. As he approaches the vale of Ennerdale, in whose bosom one of the most enchanting of the lakes is seated, he will find the rugged scenery of the country gradually refining; and as he winds round the foot of the Pillar, he will discover a vista, which cannot fail to strike the most indifferent observer with astonishment and pleasure."
"The mountains which serve to heighten this scene, and enhance its surprise, are Sty-head, Honister-crag, Wastdale, the Pillar, and Red-pike. The Liza waters the base of the latter; and on its margin lies an even, level road, not formed by the hand of man, but presenting to the eye the appearance of a pavement. ..."
image WS21P295, button  goto source
Page 295:-  "..."
"... The lake of Ennerdale appears in view. To the left, a majestic wood, rising gradually up the side of Cold-fell from the opposite shore of the water, imparts the most graceful ornament to the entrance into a region perfectly different from the last. A short turn to the right lays the whole lake and valley open to the view, and Herd-house presents his tawny front, as regent of the scene. The furniture of the lake (if the expression may be allowed) is totally changed: on the traveller's side (the east) the farms are stretched out, and exhibit a verdure seldom exceeded in the most fertile parts of this kingdom; and in a compass of a few miles, the number of small tenements seem to say with Goldsmith,"
"'Here every rood maintains its man.'"
"On the opposite shore of this little ocean (which is frequently seen vexed with little storms of short duration) the mountain towers with great dignity; neither terrible nor in-"
image WS21P296, button  goto source
Page 296:-  "[in]viting in its aspect, but suited to the serenity of the spot, which is calculated to inspire sentiments at once sublime and chearful. ..."
evidence:-   old map:- Otley 1818
placename:-  Ennerdale
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, The District of the Lakes, Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Jonathan Otley, 1818, engraved by J and G Menzies, Edinburgh, Scotland, published by Jonathan Otley, Keswick, Cumberland, et al, 1833.
image
OT02NY11.jpg
"ENNERDALE"
item:-  JandMN : 48.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Otley 1823 (8th edn 1849) 
placename:-  Ennerdale
source data:-   Engraving, outline view of mountains, Ennerdale from a Field near Kirkland and Salter, drawn by T Binns, engraved by O Jewitt, opposite p.20 of A Descriptive Guide of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, 8th edition, 1849.
image  click to enlarge
O80E11.jpg
item:-  Armitt Library : A1180.12
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   descriptive text:- Otley 1823 (5th edn 1834) 
item:-  geology; glacial erratic
source data:-   Guide book, A Concise Description of the English Lakes, the mountains in their vicinity, and the roads by which they may be visited, with remarks on the mineralogy and geology of the district, by Jonathan Otley, published by the author, Keswick, Cumberland now Cumbria, by J Richardson, London, and by Arthur Foster, Kirkby Lonsdale, Cumbria, 1823; published 1823-49, latterly as the Descriptive Guide to the English Lakes.
image OT01P149, button  goto source
Page 149:-  "A variety of granite with reddish felspar, and which from a deficiency of mica, has sometimes been"
image OT01P151, button  goto source
Page 151:-  "called sienite, .... At Nether-wasdale it becomes a finer grained sienite, in which form it extends through the mountains quite across Ennerdale, as far as Scale Force, and to the side of Buttermere Lake. It contains veins of red hematite and micaceous iron ore."
image OT01P152, button  goto source
Page 152:-  "The greatest bulk of these mountain rocks have been commonly included under the general appellation of slate; although many of them shew no disposition to the slaty cleavage. They may be classed in three principal divisions."
"Of these divisions, the FIRST or lowest in the series, ... extends ... by the foot of Ennerdale as far as Dent Hill; ..."
"..."
image OT01P155, button  goto source
Page 155:-  "The SECOND division [of slate rocks] comprehends the mountains of Eskdale, Wasdale, Ennerdale, Borrowdale, Langdale, Grasmere, Patterdale, Martindale, Mardale, and some adjacent places; including the two highest mountains of the district, Scawfell and Helvellyn, as well as the Old Man at Coniston. All our fine towering crags belong to it; and most of the cascades among the lakes fall over it. There are indeed some lofty precipices in the former division; ..."
"..."
image OT01P164, button  goto source
Page 164:-  "neighbourhood of the lakes. Bowlders from the sienite of Buttermere and Ennerdale are found on the west coast of Cumberland; but not in the vales of Keswick or Windermere. ..."
evidence:-   old map:- Garnett 1850s-60s H
placename:-  Ennerdale
source data:-   Map of the English Lakes, in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s.
image
GAR2NY11.jpg
"Ennerdale"
area 
item:-  JandMN : 82.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old print:- Pyne 1853
placename:-  Ennerdale
source data:-   Print, tinted lithograph, Crummock Water, The Vales of Ennerdale and Buttermere, Cumberland, by James Baker Pyne, engraved by W Gauci, published by Thomas Agnew and Sons, Manchester, Lancashire, 1853.
image  click to enlarge
PYN221.jpg
"PAINTED BY J. B. PYNE. / W. GAUCI LITH. / MANCHESTER, PUBLISHED BY THOMAS AGNEW & SONS, 1853. / The Vales of Ennerdale and Buttermere / M & N HANHART IMPT."
item:-  Armitt Library : A6678.22
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old print:- Pyne 1853
placename:-  Ennerdale
source data:-   Print, coloured lithograph, Crummock Water, The Vales of Ennerdale and Buttermere, Cumberland, by James Baker Pyne, engraved by W Gauci, published by Thomas Agnew and Sons, Manchester, Lancashire, 1853.
image  click to enlarge
PYN421.jpg
item:-  Armitt Library : A6677.22
Image © see bottom of page
 Martineau Directory 1855
evidence:-   old print:- 
placename:-  Ennerdale
source data:-   Print, uncoloured engraving, Ennerdale, from Scarf Gap, Cumberland, engraved by Whymper, published 1920s-30s?
image  click to enlarge
PR0319.jpg
On page 233 of Picturesque Europe, The Lake Country. 
printed at lower right:-  "WHYMPER. SC"
printed at bottom:-  "Ennerdale, from Scarf Gap."
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2008.107.319
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Matthew 1866
placename:-  Ennerdale
source data:-   Print, engraving, outline view, Ennerdale, Cumberland, published by J Richardson, Highgate, Kendal, Westmorland, 1866.
image  click to enlarge
MW1E04.jpg
Tipped in before p.1 of The English Lakes, Peaks and Passes, from Kendal to Keswick, by George King Matthew. 
printed at bottom:-  "ENNERDALE"
item:-  Armitt Library : A1168.4
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old print:- Prior 1865
placename:-  Ennerdale
source data:-   Print, uncoloured engraving, Upper Ennerdale, Ennerdale and Kinniside, Cumberland, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, and by Simpkin, Marshall and Co, London, 1865.
image  click to enlarge
PI0113.jpg
Included on page 91 of the guide book, Ascents and Passes in the Lake District of England, by Herman Prior. 
printed at bottom:-  "BLACK SAIL. / UPPER ENNERDALE. / SCARTH GAP."
item:-  JandMN : 235.15
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old print:- Prior 1865
placename:-  Ennerdale
source data:-   Print, uncoloured engraving, Ennerdale, with Revelin Crag and Angler's Crag, Ennerdale and Kinniside, Cumberland, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, and by Simpkin, Marshall and Co, London, 1865.
image  click to enlarge
PI0104.jpg
Included on page 10 of the guide book, Ascents and Passes in the Lake District of England, by Herman Prior. 
printed at bottom:-  "ENNERDALE."
item:-  JandMN : 235.6
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old print:- Pyne 1853
placename:-  Vale of Ennerdale
source data:-   Drawn by James Barker Pyne, 1848-1853, lithographed by T Picken, 1859.
image  click to enlarge
PY15.jpg
"Vales of Ennerdale and Buttermere"
item:-  JandMN : 97.14
Image © see bottom of page

photograph
CEG04.jpg (taken 27.10.2015)  
photograph
 Click to enlarge
BQI64.jpg (taken 1.4.2009)  
photograph
 Click to enlarge
BQW44.jpg (taken 25.6.2009)  
notes:-  
 The Great Dog of Ennerdale is said to have killed 300 sheep in five months.
Haskett Smith:-
"The stories of this remarkable animal would fill volumes and form a highly interesting study in contemporary mythology; and yet, when we consider the state of unparalleled excitement into which the whole countryside was thrown at the time, and the assiduity with which it has ever been talking over the events of that stirring period we shall find cause to wonder, not that the story in some of its details should have acquired a slight legendary flavour, but rather that the great bulk of the incidents narrated should be so throughly well authenticated. ... For months the dog was hunted and shot at, but seemed to lead a charmed life; in the excitement farming operations were terribly neglected, until at last ..."
it was shot by a local farmer, John Steel, Asby.
The stuffed carcass is in Keswick Museum.

Baron 1925
MN photo:-  
 Notices about a fungus disease of larch and other trees, Phytophthora ramorum.

photograph
CEG05.jpg (taken 27.10.2015)  
photograph
CEG06.jpg (taken 27.10.2015)  
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