Old Cumbria Gazetteer - Westmorland: Gents Mag 1825


included in:-	Westmorland
	Westmorland: Gents Mag 1825
evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag placename:- Westmorland
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1825 part 1 p.410 "COMPENDIUM OF COUNTY HISTORY." "WESTMORLAND." "..." "SITUATION AND EXTENT." "Boundaries, North, Durham and Cumberland: East, Yorkshire and Durham: South, Lancashire and Yorkshire: West, Cumberland and Lancashire." "Greatest length, 40; greatest breadth, 32; square, 844 miles." "Province, York; Diocese, Chester; Circuit, Northern." "*Winandermere."
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1825 part 1 p.411 "ANTIENT STATE AND REMAINS." "British Inhabitants, Brigantes, Voluntii and [Sistontii]." "Roman Province, Maxima Caesariensis. Stations, Alone, Ambleside; Brovonacis, Brough; Brovacum, Brougham; Concangium, Natland; Gallacum, Kendal; Voreda, Whelp Castle." "Saxton Octarchy, Northumbria." "Antiquities. British Earthwork, Penhurrock. British Encampments: Milbourne and Haderwain. Druidical Remains of Ellerbeck (called Cock Stones); Helston-cop-stone, and the Druid's cross; Mayborough; Moord[yvv]ock Oddendale, (exactly half the size of Stonehenge); near Pooley, (called the White Raise); near Rothay Bridge, and near Shap (called the Druid's temple). Roman Encampments of Castle-hows, Borrowdale; Castle-steads and Coney beds (exploratory camps to Water Crook); between Crackenthorpe and Crossfell are several (one 300 yards long and 150 broad); Haderwain (opposite the British Encampment); Maiden-castle, Sandford,[ ]; Water-crook (supposed a Station). Roman Temple at Levins (supposed of Diana). Saxon Earthwork, Castle-how or Castle-law-hill. Danish Remains at Shap called Carl-lofts (a most stupendous monument of antiquity). [ ] There are Camps on the banks of the Eden, opposite Pendragon-castle; and at Kendal (semi-circular). Abbeys of Preston Patrick (founded in 1119 by Thomas, son of Gospatric, removed to Shap); Shap (removed from Preston Patrick a few years after 1119). Priory of Battleburgh (founded in 1281 by the Lords Clifford, Percy and V[ ]cy). Churches old Asby (an antient edifice, much diminished by repairs); Askham (enumerated by Grose among the remarkable edifices of the county); Barton; Brough; Crosby Ravensworth (founded by Torphin de Alverstain, temp. Hen. I.exhibited curious specimens of architecture); Kendal; Kirbyshore (very antient); Kirkby Lonsdale (120 feet long and 102 broad); Kirkby Stephen; Sisergh (in ruins). Chapels of Appleby (in ruins in 1482, afterwards converted into the county gaol); Applethwaite, on St. Catharine's brow (converted into a dwelling-house); Asby; Betham; Brougham; Burneshead; Crackenthorpe; Crosthwaite; Grasmere; KENDAL, in Chapel-lane, another on Chapel-hill; Kentmere; Kirkbergh, near Newbiggen; Patterdale (dedicated to St. Patrick); Reagill; Sandford (had one on 1353); Skelsmergh; Smardale (destroyed for several centuries); Stainton (founded temp. Ric. I. by Anselm de Furness, son of first Michael le Fleming); Stavely (handsome steeple); Temple Sowerby; St. Mary Holme, on an island in Winandermere; Wyth; (stood between King's Meaburn and Morland). Stone Pulpit at Brough." "Castles of APPLEBY (of great antiquity); Betham; Borrowdale (in ruins); Brough (built before temp. Wm. I.); Brougham (Keep supposed Roman by Grose); Buley (belonged to the Viteriponts and Bps. of Carlisle); Hartley (scarce a vestige remains); Haverback; Howgill; KENDAL (erected on the site of some Roman fort); Maiden; Pendragon, at Mallerstang (erection attributed to Utter Pendragon, the fabled builder of Stonehenge); Warcross; and Whelp, Kirbythore. Mansions of old Calgarth-hall, Kentmere-hall, Preston-hall (a farm-house); Rosgill-hall (now a farm-house, but the remains shew its former importance); Rydall Old-hall (in ruins); Sizergh-hall (the seat of the Stricklands). Caves, Coop-Karnel-hole, &c. at Stenkrith Bridge; Pate-hole ( a remarkable cavern in a lime-stone rock, two furlongs South of Great Asby)." "PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE." "Rivers. Barrow; Bertha or Bela; Eamont; Eden; Helle-beck; Hunna; Kent; Lowther; Lune or Lon; Lyvennate; Mint; Rowtha; Sleddale; Sprit; Tees; Winster (the boundary between Westmoreland and Lancashire)." "Inland Navigation. Wigan and Kendal Canal." "Lakes. Ais-water; Angle-tarn , about 5 acres of water; Broadwater; Elterwater, larger than Grasmere; Grassmere, four miles in compass; Grisedale-tarn; Hause-water, three miles long; Kent-mere, small, fed by the river" " A tarn is a small lake"
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1825 part 1 p.412 "Kent; Kepel-cove-tarn; Red-tarn, a mile long, of a brownish red; Rydal-water, one mile long; Skeggles-water; Small-water; Sunbiggin-tarn; ULLSWATER (the lower end of which, called Ousemere), about nine miles long; Wa[ ]dale-beck; Winfell-tarn; WINANDERMERE, in which are 12 islands, is 10 miles and a half long." "Eminences and Views. The high land about Askham affords a most charming and extensive prospect; BOWFELL, 1036 yards high; Brougham-hall, beautiful prospect from the terrace; Carlton-hall, extensive and varied prospect; Crossfell mountain, 1000 yards above the level of the sea; Curwen's island, one of the loveliest and most sacred seats of simplicity; Farlton-knot, a bold and high mountain; Grassmere, 'as sweet a scene as travelled eye ever beheld;' Hall-hill; Hard-knot-hill; Hartsop-high-field, from whence Broadwater is seen to great advantage; Haverback Castle-hill; Helsington Chapel, from whence a romantic prospect of the 'sea, woods, rocks, and fertile valley below;' HELVELLYN, 1070 yards high; Kirkby Lonsdale Church-yard, celebrated for its fine view; LOWTHER PARK, compared by Lord Macartney to the park of the Emperor of Chinas, called 'Van-shoe-yuen, or the paradise of 10,000, or innumerable trees;' 'so rich, so various, so beautiful, so sublime a prospect, my eyes had never beheld;' Mell-fell; Murton-pit; Naddle Forest; Orton Scar, on its top are remains of a beacon; Patterdale, much admired for the beauty and diversity of its scenery; Rydal Head, 1030 yards high; from its summit the Lakes of Winandermere, Elter-water; Grassmere, and Rydal-water are seen; Stanmore-dale; Storr's Point, whence a delightful prospect; Wallow Cragg; Whinfell, 500 yards high, on its top was a beacon communicating with Orton Scar; Whitbarrow Scar, affords a romantic prospect; Wildboar-fell, soaring to a great height, and impending with a cape-like head over the country; from its base the prospect is exceedingly interesting; Winandermere, the prospects along which are very picturesque; Wrynose-hill, so denomiinated from its crookedness." "Natural Curiosities. Asby wells, one called St. Hellin's; and the other near Grange-hall; Betha, or Bela waterfall, one of the Catadupae of Camden; Black-dub at Crosby-gill, the source of the Lyvannate; Brough Well, fomerly much resorted to, and the Vicar of Brough had a diploma from the Pope to receive oblations from the pilgrims resorting to it; Burneshead Well, reputed sacred; Burton Well; Clayborrow Heath, the source of the Winster; Clifton Well, at which a great concourse of people assemble annually on May-day; Eagle Crag, Borrowdale; Gell-forth Spout, in Longlesdale, the fall about 100 yards in an unbroken sheet; Gonsdike, which continually casts up small silver-like spangles; Grassmere Well; Helvellyn Spring; the side of the Kent is famous for petrifying springs that incrust vegetable bodies; one of them is called the 'dropping well;' Leven's park waterfall, one of the Catadupae of Camden; Mallerstang, the source of the Eden; Pate-hole, petrifying spring; Ravenstonedale, the source of the Lune; Shap wells, one called Auney well, the other a petrifying well; Ullswater, the commencement of the river Eamont; Witherslack holy well, discovered to be medicinal in 1656." "Public Edifices. APPLEBY Bridge; County Gaol; Free Grammar School, founded by Queen Elizabeth in 1574; Hospital founded by Anne, Countess of Pembroke and Montgomery, in 16[ ]; House of Correction; Market-house, erected in 1811, from a design by Mr. Smirke; New Gaol, erected in 1771; Town Hall. Ashby School, founded in 1688 by Mr. George Smith. Bampton Free Grammar School, founded in 16[23] by Dr. Thos. Sutton; Measand School, 'Richard Wright founder, [1711], Richard Law benefactor, 1713.' Barton School, founded in 1649 by Doctors Gerard Langbaine; Lancelot Dawes, &c. Betham Bridge. Bulness Grammar School, built by contribution about 1637. Crosby Ravensworth Free School, founded about 1617. Heversham School, founded by Edw. Wilson in 1613. KENDAL, Blue-coat School, 3 Bridges; Dispensary commenced in 1783; Free Grammar School. endowed in 1525 by Adam Pennyngton of Boston, re-built 1592; Hospital and Charity School, founded Sept. 6 1670, by Thomas Sandes; Obelisk on Castle-law-hill, erected in 1788 in commemoration of the Restoration; School of Industry instituted 1799; Town Hall re-built 1759; Workhouse,"
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1825 part 1 p.413 "large and airy building. Kirkby Lonsdale Bridge, of singular beauty, and very lofty; Free Grammar School, founded in 1591 by Queen Elizabeth. Kirkby Stephen Free Grammar School, founded in 15[56] by Thomas Lord Wharton. Milthorpe Bridge over the Betha. Morland Free Grammar School, founded about 1730 by the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle. Old Hutton Free School, built in 1613 by Edward Milner. Orton Free Grammar School, founded about 1730 by subscription; Greenholme School, founded in 1733 by George Gibson, gent.; Tefay School, founded in 1670 by Robert Adamson, gent. Ravenstonedale Grammar School, founded in 1688 by Thomas Fothergill, B.D. re-built in 1759. Stanemore Chapel, built as a school-house in 1594. Stenkrith Bridge, over the Eden. Temple Sowerby Bridge, over the Eden, re-built in 1575, and again in 1748. Thrimby School, founded by Thomas Fletcher in 1681. Whitby Free School, founded by James Highmore, about 1630. Winandermere School, built about 1637. Winton Grammar school, founded in 1659 by Rev. William Morland." "Seats." "Lowther Castle, Earl of Lonsdale, Lord Lieutenant." "Appleby Castle, Earl of Thanet, Hereditary Sheriff." "Askham Hall, Earl of Lonsdale." "Belfield, Bowness, Mrs. Fleming." "Bratha Hall, Ambleside, J. Harden, esq." "Brough Castle, Earl of Thanet." "Brougham Hall, Henry Brougham, esq. M.P." "Brig Steer Park, near Sizergh, T. Strickland, esq." "Calgarth, Mrs. Watson." "Carleton Hall, Rt.Hon. Thos. Wallace." "Casterton Hall, W. Carus Wilson, esq. M.P." "Croft Lodge, Ambleside, Mrs. Pritchard." "Curwen's Island, H. Curwen, esq." "Dallam Tower, D. Wilson, esq." "Dalton Hall, Edm. Hornby, esq." "Elleray, J. Wilson, esq." "Ferney Green, Bowness, R. Graves, esq." "Grimes Hill, W. Moore, esq." "Harley Castle, Sir Philip Musgrave, bart." "Holly Hill, Bowness, H. Bellar, esq." "Howgill Castle, Earl of Thanet." "Leven's Park, Hon. Col. Howard." "Meaburn Hall, Earl of Lonsdale." "Oddendale, John Gibson, esq." "Orrest Hall, J. Braithwaite, esq." "Orton Hall, late John Burn, esq." "Pendragon Castle, Earl of Thanet." "Rayrigg, Rev. J. Fleming." "Rydal Hall, Sir Richard Fleming, bart." "-- Mount, W. Wordsworth, esq." "Shaw End, A. Shepherd, esq." "Skirsgill, Hugh Parkin, esq." "Stors Hall, Bowness, J. Bolton, esq." "Summerfield, T. Tatham, esq." "Wharton Hall, Earl of Lonsdale." "Whittington Hall, T. Greene, esq." "Wreston Hall, Rev. Mr. Strickland." "Peerage. Appleby Barony to Southwell; Kendal and Brough Baronies to Herbert and Lowther; Lonsdale Earldom to Lowther; Westmorland Earldom to Fane; Westmoreland Vipont of, Barony to Clifford Lord Clifford." "Members to Parliament for the County 2; Appleby 2; total 4." "Produce. Sheep, cattle. Corn. Fish. Fine hams. Copper; gypsum; limestone; freestone; porphyry; granite; basalt, or whinstone; lead; coal; and slate." "Manufactures. Coarse woollen cloth, called Kendal cottons; slates; tanned hides; gunpowder; hoops; charcoal; wool; stockings; silk and worsted waistcoat pieces; flannels; hats; and paper." "POPULATION" "Baronies 2. Wards 4. Parishes 32. Parts of Parishes 2. Market Towns 10. Inhabitants, Males 25,513; Females 25,846; total 51,359." "Families employed in agriculture 5,096; in trade 3,801; in neither 1,541; total 10,438. - Baptisms. Males 7,604; Females 7,284; total 14,888. - Marriages. 3,385. - Burials, Males 4,345; Females 4,713; total 9,058." "Places having not less than 1,000 inhabitants.... / Houses. / Inhab. Kendal / 1,990 / 17,417 Kirkby Kendal / 1,929 / 8,984 Heversham / 701 / 8,996 Kirkby Lonsdale / 693 / 8,769 Kirkby Stephen / 540 / 2,712 Morland / 342 / 1,911 Brough / 284 / 1,[ ]87 Grasmere / 354 / 1,778 Burton in Kendal / 224 / 1,642 Beetham / 276 / 1,618 Arton / 302 / 1,525 Windermere / 295 / 1,441 Bongate / 209 / 1,275 Barton / 234 / 1,212 Ravenstone Dale / 2[ ] / 1,059 Kirkby Thore / 191 / 1,051"
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1825 part 1 p.513 "COMPENDIUM OF COUNTY HISTORY." "WESTMORLAND." "EMINENT NATIVES." Biographical notes are found in the records of relevant places.
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1825 part 1 p.514 "..." "MISCELLANEOUS REMARKS." Notes are found in the records of relevant places.
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1825 part 1 pp.515-516 goto source

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