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  road, Lancaster to Ulverston
sands road, Cartmel Sands
Cartmel Sands road
locality:-   Leven Estuary
civil parish:-   Lower Allithwaite (formerly Lancashire)
civil parish:-   Ulverston (formerly Lancashire)
county:-   Cumbria
locality type:-   sands road
locality type:-   route
10Km square:-   SD37
evidence:-   old map:- Mercator 1595 (edn?) 
placename:-  Conyside Pass
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorlandia, Lancastria, Cestria etc, ie Westmorland, Lancashire, Cheshire etc, scale about 10.5 miles to 1 inch, by Gerard Mercator, Duisberg, Germany, 1595, edition 1613-16.
image
MER5LanA.jpg
"Conyside pass"
circle 
item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.3
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Bowen and Kitchin 1760
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, A New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland Divided into their Respective Wards, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin et al, published by T Bowles, Robert Sayer, and John Bowles, London, 1760.
image
BO18SD27.jpg
double line, dotted 
item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.10
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- West 1784 map
placename:-  Leven Sands
placename:-  Ulverston Sands
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, A Map of the Lakes in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Paas, 53 Holborn, London, about 1784.
image
Ws02SD27.jpg
"Leven and Ulverston Sands"
image
Ws02SD37.jpg
item:-  Armitt Library : A1221.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   road book:- Cary 1798 (2nd edn 1802) 
source data:-   Road book, itineraries, Cary's New Itinerary, by John Cary, 181 Strand, London, 2nd edn 1802.
image CY38p317, button  goto source
image  click to enlarge
C38317.jpg
page 317-318  "[LONDON to Whitehaven.] Another Road across Lancaster Sands."
image CY38p319, button  goto source
image  click to enlarge
C38319.jpg
page 319-320 
part of 
item:-  JandMN : 228.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   descriptive text:- Baker 1802
placename:-  Leven Sands
source data:-   Perspective road map with sections in Lancashire, Westmorland, and Cumberland, by J Baker, London 1802.
pp.25-26:-  "... and thence [Cartmel] proceed by Lever Sands to Ulvernton, Dalton, ..."
evidence:-   old map:- Otley 1818
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, The District of the Lakes, Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Jonathan Otley, 1818, engraved by J and G Menzies, Edinburgh, Scotland, published by Jonathan Otley, Keswick, Cumberland, et al, 1833.
image
OT02SD37.jpg
Drawn by a double dotted line across the estuary. 
item:-  JandMN : 48.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   descriptive text:- Ford 1839 (3rd edn 1843) 
placename:-  Leven Sands
source data:-   Guide book, A Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by Rev William Ford, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, by W Edwards, 12 Ave Maria Lane, Charles Tilt, Fleet Street, William Smith, 113 Fleet Street, London, by Currie and Bowman, Newcastle, by Bancks and Co, Manchester, by Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, and by Sinclair, Dumfries, 1839.
image FD01P004, button  goto source
Page 4:-  "..."
"Between this place [Holker] and Ulverstone, the Leven Sands must be crossed, which are very dangerous in consequence of their constant shifting, and are three miles in breadth."
image FD01P156, button  goto source
Page 156:-  "..."
"Leven Sands are fordable at low water, and are about three miles in breadth. Splendid views are obtained in crossing them, as they are bounded by the woods of Holker Hall and Conishead Priory, and closed in by a nucleus of mountains, of which the Man Mountain is the most conspicuous."
evidence:-   old map:- Ford 1839 map
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Lake District of Cumberland, Westmoreland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, and by R Groombridge, 5 Paternoster Row, London, 3rd edn 1843.
image
FD02SD37.jpg
From near Holker to the Carters House below Ulverston. 
item:-  JandMN : 100.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Garnett 1850s-60s H
source data:-   Map of the English Lakes, in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s.
image
GAR2SD37.jpg
double dotted line 
item:-  JandMN : 82.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Harper 1907
source data:-   Guidebook, The Manchester and Glasgow Road, by Charles G Harper, published by Chapman and Hall Ltd, London, 1907.
HP01p088.txt
Page 88:-  "... 1325, when the Abbot of Furness petitioned the King that his jurisdiction might be extended in this district, to comprehend"
HP01p089.txt
Page 89:-  "the Leven Sands, which were so dangerous that many travellers, sixteen on one occasion, and six on another, had been overtaken by the tide, and drowned. His petition was granted, and the Abbot established, on an island half-way across the estuary, a little chapel in which the monks prayed all round the twenty-four hours for the safety, or for the souls, as the case might be, of those who sought to cross. It is, however, scarce to be supposed that the Abbey privileges would have been thus extended had the aid to travellers been merely that of prayers. A more practical note was the addition of a lighthouse, or beacon tower, to the chapel, combined with the readiness of the monks to guide strangers. Since 1820, the guide across Leven Sands has received an annual salary of ~22 from the Duchy of Lancaster, with a grant of three acres of land. He enjoys, in addition, under the provisions of the Ulverstone and Lancaster Railway Act of 1851, a further ~20 a year, in compensation for loss of fees caused by the opening of the railway; for although he is a public official, he commonly received gifts and free-will fees from those he guided across in pre-railway days"
"... but the Sands every now and then claimed their victims. Thus, in the registers of Cartmel may be read the following tragical entries:"
"..."
HP01p090.txt
Page 90:-  "..."
""1610, Feb. 4, John ffell, son of Augustine, of Birkbie, drowned on Conysed Sands.""
"..."
HP01p091.txt
Page 91:-  "..."
"A narrow escape was that of Major Bigland, who was crossing one dark evening in his gig from Lancaster, intending to reach Cartmel. He drove towards the sea instead, and only by extreme good fortune managed to land near Conishead. ... in 1846, nine merry holiday-makers, returning from the Whitsun fair at Ulverston, drove into a treacherous spot near Black Scar, on the Leven Sands, and were all immediately drowned: ..."
places:-    Sand Gate, Lower Holker
 Canal Foot, Ulverston
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