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Castle Crag, Borrowdale
Castle Crag
civil parish:-   Borrowdale (formerly Cumberland)
county:-   Cumbria
locality type:-   rocks
coordinates:-   NY24931592
1Km square:-   NY2415
10Km square:-   NY21

photograph
BUW36.jpg (taken 29.6.2011)  
photograph
BWB07.jpg (taken 6.3.2012)  
evidence:-   old map:- OS County Series (Cmd 70 5) 
placename:-  Castle Crag
source data:-   Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
evidence:-   old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Castle Hill
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774.
image
D4NY21NW.jpg
"Castle Hill"
marked by woodland 
item:-  Carlisle Library : Map 2
Image © Carlisle Library
evidence:-   descriptive text:- West 1778 (11th edn 1821) 
placename:-  Castle Crag
source data:-   Guide book, A Guide to the Lakes, by Thomas West, published by William Pennington, Kendal, Cumbria once Westmorland, and in London, 1778 to 1821.
image WS21P093, button  goto source
Page 93:-  "... Castle-crag may be seen, in the centre of the amphitheatre, threatening to block up the pass it once defended. ..."
image WS21P094, button  goto source
Page 94:-  "On the summit of Castle-crag are the remains of a fort; ..."
"..."
image WS21P107, button  goto source
Page 107:-  "The prospect to the south [from Latrigg] ... full into the rocky jaws of Borrowdale, ... Castle-crag, in Borrowdale, stands first of all the forest of embattled rocks, whose forked heads, reared to the sky, shine in the sun like spears of burnished steel. ..."
image WS21P205, button  goto source
Addendum; Mr Gray's Journal, 1769 
Page 205:-  "... Beside the village [Grange] rises a round eminence of a rock covered entirely in old trees, and over that more proudly towers Castle-cragg, invested also with wood on its sides, and bearing on its naked top some traces of a fort, said to be Roman, By the side of this hill, which almost blocks up the way, the valley turns to the left, and contracts its dimensions till there is hardly any road but the rocky bed of the river. ..."
evidence:-   old map:- West 1784 map
placename:-  Castle Crag
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, A Map of the Lakes in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Paas, 53 Holborn, London, about 1784.
image
Ws02NY21.jpg
item:-  Armitt Library : A1221.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Gents Mag
placename:-  Castle Crags
source data:-   Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922.
image G8051122, button  goto source
Gentleman's Magazine 1805 p.1122  "... In the midst of this dreary chasm, an isolated spire of rock, invested on all sides with foliage of the liveliest verdure, stood like a tower. Castle Crags which the Antiquaries dignify with the honours of a Roman Fort. Of this, if it ever existed, Time has long sapped the foundations, and dispersed the ruins; but its muffled pediment has not denied a refuge to the later posterity of the Roman Eagle. ..."
evidence:-   old print:- Green 1815
placename:-  Castle Crag
source data:-   Print, coloured aquatint, Derwent Water from Castle Crag, Borrowdale, Cumberland, by William Green, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1815.
image  click to enlarge
GN0537.jpg
Plate 40 in Lake Scenery. 
printed at upper right:-  "40"
printed at bottom:-  "DERWENT WATER from CASTLE CRAG. / Published at Ambleside, June 1, 1815, by Wm. Green."
item:-  Armitt Library : A6646.37
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old print with text:- Farington 1816
placename:-  Castle Crag
source data:-   Print, uncoloured engraving and descriptive text, Castle Crag and Bowder Stone, Borrowdale, Cumberland, drawn by Joseph Farington, engraved by J Byrne, published by T Cadell and W Davies, Strand, London, 1815.
image  click to enlarge
FA0416.jpg
printed, bottom left, right, centre  "Drawn by J. Farington R.A. / Engraved by J. Byrne. / Castle Crag and Bowder Stone. / London Published Septr. 15, 1815, by T. Cadell &W. Davies, Strand."
Descriptive text:-  "CASTLE CRAG AND BOWDER-STONE."
"CASTLE CRAG is a detached mountain covered with wood, supposed to be of Roman origin, which obtained its name from a fortress that once frowned on its summit, and guarded the tremendous pass of Borrowdale. After it had been relinquished by the Romans, it was occupied by the Saxons; and was subsequently given, with all the lands about Borrowdale, by one of the Lords of Derwentwater, to the monks of Furness. By these religious it was for many years continued in its military capacity, to defend their valuable possessions in the valley of Borrowdale against the predatory incursions of the Scots, who in those days frequently made irruptions thus far south. The views from the top of Castle Crag are grand and extensive. On one side are the lake and vale of Keswick, with their accompaniments of rocks, islands, villages, seats, farm-houses and cottages, with the majestic Skiddaw overlooking the more rugged neighbouring mountains in the back-ground: and on the other side appears the pass of Borrowdale, where immense rocky mountains are huddled together in the most singular arrangement."
"..."
item:-  Armitt Library : A6666.16
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Otley 1818
placename:-  Castle Crag
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, The District of the Lakes, Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Jonathan Otley, 1818, engraved by J and G Menzies, Edinburgh, Scotland, published by Jonathan Otley, Keswick, Cumberland, et al, 1833.
image
OT02NY21.jpg
item:-  JandMN : 48.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Otley 1823 (4th edn 1830) 
placename:-  Castle Crag
source data:-   Print, engraving, outline view, Mountains South West of Derwentwater as seen from Keswick, published by Jonathan Otley, Keswick, Cumberland et al, 1830.
image  click to enlarge
O75E06.jpg
p.115 in A Concise Description of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, 4th edition, 1830.  "The Mountains South-West of Derwentwater: / as seen from Keswick."
"Brund and Glaramara / Esk Hause / Castle Crag and Great End / Scawfell Pike / Gait Crag / Blea Crag / Bull Crag / Cat Bell / Hindscarth / Gold Scalp / Robinson / High Stile / Red Pike / Rawling end / Causey Pike / Sail / Ill Crags / Barrow / Swinside / Coledale Hause / Grisedale Pike"
item:-  Armitt Library : A1175.6
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Otley 1823 (8th edn 1849) 
placename:-  Castle Crag
source data:-   Engraving, outline view of mountains, Derwent Water from Crow Park, drawn by T Binns, engraved by O Jewitt, opposite p.10 of A Descriptive Guide of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, 8th edition, 1849.
image  click to enlarge
O80E06.jpg
item:-  Armitt Library : A1180.7
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Otley 1823 (5th edn 1834) 
source data:-   Print, woodcut outline view, The Mountains South West of Derwentwater, by Jonathan Otley, Keswick, Cumberland, 1830.
image  click to enlarge
OT2E04.jpg
Printed on p.21 of A Concise Description of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, 5th edition, 1834.  "THE MOUNTAINS SOUTH-WEST OF DERWENTWATER: as seen from Keswick"
"Brund and Glaramara / Esk Hause / Castle Crag and Great End / Scawfell Pike / Gait Crag / Blea Crag / Bull Crag / Cat Bell / Hindscarth / Gold Scalp / Robinson / High Stile / Newlands Hause / Red Pike / Rawling End / Causey Pike / Sail / Ill Crags / Barrow / Swinside / Coledale Hause / Grisedale Pike"
item:-  JandMN : 48.5
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   descriptive text:- Otley 1823 (5th edn 1834) 
source data:-   Guide book, A Concise Description of the English Lakes, the mountains in their vicinity, and the roads by which they may be visited, with remarks on the mineralogy and geology of the district, by Jonathan Otley, published by the author, Keswick, Cumberland now Cumbria, by J Richardson, London, and by Arthur Foster, Kirkby Lonsdale, Cumbria, 1823; published 1823-49, latterly as the Descriptive Guide to the English Lakes.
image OT01P080, button  goto source
Page 80:-  "THE CRAGS."
"... Castle Crag, in Borrowdale (said to have been a Roman station), ..."
evidence:-   old map:- Ford 1839 map
placename:-  Castle Crag
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Lake District of Cumberland, Westmoreland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, and by R Groombridge, 5 Paternoster Row, London, 3rd edn 1843.
image
FD02NY21.jpg
"Castle Crag"
Hill hachuring. 
item:-  JandMN : 100.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old drawing:- Aspland 1840s-60s
source data:-   Drawing, pencil, River Derwent and Castle Rock, Borrowdale, Cumberland, by Theophilus Lindsey Aspland, 1857.
image  click to enlarge
AS0524.jpg
item:-  Armitt Library : 1958.389.24
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old drawing:- Aspland 1840s-60s
source data:-   Drawing, pencil, River Derwent and Castle Rock, Borrowdale, Cumberland, by Theophilus Lindsey Aspland, 1857.
image  click to enlarge
AS0525.jpg
page number  "20"
item:-  Armitt Library : 1958.389.25
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Garnett 1850s-60s H
placename:-  Castle Crag
source data:-   Map of the English Lakes, in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s.
image
GAR2NY21.jpg
"Castle Crag"
hill hachuring 
item:-  JandMN : 82.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Martineau 1855
source data:-   Guide book, A Complete Guide to the English Lakes, by Harriet Martineau, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, and by Whittaker and Co, London, 1855; published 1855-76.
image MNU1P081, button  goto source
Page 81:-  "... Grange, ... Just behind it, the noble wooded rock, which leaves room only for the road and the river, is Castle Crag; and nimble youths who have reached its summit, say the view is splendid. It is, in itself, a fine spectacle."
evidence:-   outline view:- Martineau 1855
source data:-   Print, engraving, outline view, Mountains seen from Applethwaite near Keswick, drawn by L Aspland, engraved by W Banks, Edinburgh, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, and by Whittaker and Co, London, 1855.
image  click to enlarge
MNU114.jpg
Plate, folded in opposite p.93 in A Complete Guide to the English Lakes, by Harriet Martineau.  "MOUNTAINS SEEN FROM APPLETHWAITE NEAR KESWICK."
"L Aspland Delt. / W Banks Sc Edinr."
The view is captioned, numbers referring to mountains in the image:-  "1 Wallow Crag, 2 Falcon Crag, 3 Shepherd's Crag / Lowdore below, 4 Glaramara, 5 Brund, 6 Castle Crag, 7 Great End, 8 Scawfell Pike, 9 Catbell, 10, High Stile, 11 Red Pike, 12 Grasmoor, 13 Causey Pike, 14 Melbreak, 15 Grisdale Pike"
item:-  Armitt Library : A1159.14
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old photograph:- Bell 1880s-1940s
source data:-   Photograph, sepia, the Castle Crag, Borrowdale, Cumberland, by Herbert Bell, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1890s.
image  click to enlarge
HB0380.jpg
internegative at lower left:-  "[H. B ]"
item:-  Armitt Library : ALPS34
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old photograph:- Bell 1880s-1940s
source data:-   Photograph, black and white, Castle Crag, and Gates Crag perhaps Goat Crag, Borrowdale, Cumberland, by Herbert Bell, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1890s.
image  click to enlarge
HB0381.jpg
internegative at lower left:-  "H. Bell"
item:-  Armitt Library : ALPS35
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   illustration:- LNWR 1910
source data:-   Print, colour lithograph? Castle Crag, Borrowdale, from a painting by R T Roussel, published by the London and North Western Railway, LNWR, about 1910.
image  click to enlarge
NW01E6.jpg
Included in the guide book, The English Lakes, published by the London and North Western Railway about 1910. 

Roussel, R T, 1910item:-  JandMN : 49.7
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Jenkinson 1875
placename:-  Castle Crag
source data:-   Print, lithograph, outline view, Panoramic Sketches from Skiddaw, Cumberland, by Edwin A Pettitt, London, published by Edward Stanford, 55 Charing Cross, London, 1875.
image  click to enlarge
Jk01E2.jpg
"... Castle Crag ..."
item:-  JandMN : 28.8
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Jenkinson 1875
placename:-  Castle Crag
source data:-   Print, lithograph, outline view, Panoramic Sketches from Scawfell Pike, Cumberland, by Edwin A Pettitt, London, published by Edward Stanford, 55 Charing Cross, London, 1875.
image  click to enlarge
Jk01E3.jpg
"... Castle Crag ..."
item:-  JandMN : 28.9
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Black 1856 (23rd edn 1900) 
placename:-  Castle Crag
source data:-   Print, lithograph, Outline Views, Skiddaw and Derwent Water - Mountains as seen at Lodore Hotel, and Mountains as seen at the Third Gate on Ascending Latrigg on the Way to Skiddaw, by J Flintoft, Keswick, Cumberland, engraved by R Mason, Edinburgh, Lothian, about 1900.
image  click to enlarge
BC08E4.jpg
"... 7 Castle Crag ..."
item:-  JandMN : 37.14
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Black 1841 (3rd edn 1846) 
placename:-  Castle Crag
source data:-   Print, engraving, outline view, Mountains as seen at Lowdore Inn, and Mountains as seen at the Third Gate on Ascending Latrigg on the Way to Skiddaw, by J Flintoft, Keswick, Cumberland, engraved by R Mason, Edinburgh, Lothian, about 1846.
image  click to enlarge
BC02E4.jpg
"... 7 Castle Crag ..."
item:-  JandMN : 32.7
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Tattersall 1836
placename:-  Castle Crag
source data:-   Print, engraving, Derwentwater and Entrance to Borrowdale, Cumberland, drawn by George Tattersall, engraved by W F Topham, published by Sherwood and Co, Paternoster Row, London, about 1836.
image  click to enlarge
TAT120.jpg
The print is captioned with mountain names and acts as an outline view. 
Tipped in opposite p.60 of The Lakes of England, by George Tattersall. 
printed at bottom:-  "DERWENTWATER &ENTRANCE TO BORROWDALE."
printed at bottom left to right:-  "Ashness. / Gowder Crag. / Hollow Stone Crag. / Glaramara. / Shepherd's Crag. / Grange Crag. / Castle Crag. / Gt. End. / Scawfell Pike. / Maiden Moor. / Higher Catbell."
item:-  Armitt Library : A1204.21
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old print:- Rose 1832-35 (vol.1 no.71) 
placename:-  Castle Crag
source data:-   Print, uncoloured engraving, Castle Crag, Borrowdale, from the Village of Grange, Cumberland, drawn by Thomas Allom, engraved by J C Bentley, published by Fisher, Son and Co, London, 1832-35.
image  click to enlarge
PR0026.jpg
vol.1 pl.71 in the set of prints, Westmorland, Cumberland, Durham and Northumberland Illustrated. 
printed at bottom left, right, centre:-  "T. Allom. / J. C. Bentley. / CASTLE CRAG, BORROWDALE, FROM THE VILLAGE OF GRANGE, CUMBERLAND."
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2008.107.26
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old print:- 
placename:-  Castle Crag
source data:-   Print, uncoloured engraving, Castle Crag, near Keswick, Cumberland, drawn by Havell, engraved by Backshell, published 1820s-30s?
image  click to enlarge
PR0264.jpg
printed at bottom left, right, centre:-  "Havell, pinxt. / Backshell, sculpt. / CASTLE CRAG, NEAR KESWICK, CUMBERLAND."
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2008.107.264
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old print:- Green 1790s-1820s
placename:-  Castle Crag
source data:-   Print, uncoloured aquatint, Skiddaw, taken near Castle Crag, Underskiddaw, Cumberland, drawn, engraved and published by William Green, Ambleside, 1804.
image  click to enlarge
PR0516.jpg
Plate 18 from some series. 
printed at bottom:-  "Skiddaw, / taken near Castle Crag. / Drawn and Engraved by Wm. Green, and Published at Ambleside, June 24, 1804."
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2008.107.465
Image © see bottom of page

photograph
BWB21.jpg  Trees on top.
(taken 6.3.2012)  
photograph
BWB25.jpg  Cairn, not on top.
(taken 6.3.2012)  
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