Old Cumbria Gazetteer


	Borrowdale

civil parish:-	Borrowdale (formerly Cumberland)
county:-	Cumbria
locality type:-	locality
locality type:-	valley
locality type:-	buildings
coordinates:-	NY25701415 (etc etc)
1Km square:-	NY2514
10Km square:-	NY21
10Km square:-	NY22

	BTO70.jpg (taken 22.9.2010) BNE39.jpg From Lowcrag Wood. (taken 17.2.2007)

evidence:-	old map:- Saxton 1579 placename:- Borrodale
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorlandiae et Cumberlandiae Comitatus ie Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 5 miles to 1 inch, by Christopher Saxton, London, engraved by Augustinus Ryther, 1576, published 1579-1645. Sax9NY21.jpg Building, symbol for a hamlet, which may or may not have a nucleus. "Borrodale" item:- private collection : 2 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old map:- Keer 1605 placename:- Borrodale
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 16 miles to 1 inch, probably by Pieter van den Keere, or Peter Keer, about 1605 edition perhaps 1676. click to enlarge KER8.jpg "Borrodale" dot, circle and tower; village item:- Dove Cottage : 2007.38.110 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old map:- Speed 1611 (Cmd) placename:- Borrodale
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland and the Ancient Citie Carlile Described, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, 1610, published by J Sudbury and George Humble, Popes Head Alley, London, 1611-12. SP11NY21.jpg "Borrodale" circle, tower item:- private collection : 16 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old map:- Drayton 1612/1622 placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberlande and Westmorlande, by Michael Drayton, probably engraved by William Hole, scale about 4 or 5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Mariott, John Grismand, and Thomas Dewe, London, 1622. DRY514.jpg "Borrowdale" Lady sitting; out of place!. item:- JandMN : 168 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old map:- Jenner 1643 placename:- Borodale
source data:-	Tables of distances with a maps, Westmerland, scale about 16 miles to 1 inch, and Cumberland, scale about 21 miles to 1 inch, published by Thomas Jenner, London, 1643; published 1643-80. JEN4Sq.jpg "Borodale" circle

evidence:-	old map:- Jansson 1646 placename:- Borrodale
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumbria and Westmoria, ie Cumberland and Westmorland, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Jansson, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1646. JAN3NY21.jpg "Borrodale" Buildings and tower. item:- JandMN : 88 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old map:- Seller 1694 (Cmd) placename:- Borrodale
source data:-	Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 12 miles to 1 inch, by John Seller, 1694. click to enlarge SEL9.jpg "Borrodale" circle, italic lowercase text; settlement or house item:- Dove Cottage : 2007.38.89 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old map:- Morden 1695 (Cmd) placename:- Borrodale
source data:-	Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, 1695, published by Abel Swale, the Unicorn, St Paul's Churchyard, Awnsham, and John Churchill, the Black Swan, Paternoster Row, London, 1695-1715. MD12NY21.jpg "Borrodale" Circle, building and tower. item:- JandMN : 90 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old map:- Simpson 1746 map (Wmd) placename:- Borrodale
source data:-	Map, uncoloured engraving, Westmorland, scale about 8 miles to 1 inch, printed by R Walker, Fleet Lane, London, 1746. SMP2NYF.jpg "Borrodale" Circle. item:- Dove Cottage : 2007.38.59 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old map:- Gents Mag 1751
source data:-	Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Black Lead Mines in Cumberland, and area, scale about 2 miles to 1 inch, by George Smith, published in the Gentleman's Magazine, 1751. GM1309.jpg GM1310.jpg valley item:- JandMN : 114 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old map:- Bowen and Kitchin 1760 placename:- Borrodale
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, A New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland Divided into their Respective Wards, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin et al, published by T Bowles, Robert Sayer, and John Bowles, London, 1760. BO18NY10.jpg "Borrodale" circle, tower item:- Armitt Library : 2008.14.10 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd) placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774. D4NY21NW.jpg "Borrowdale" area item:- Carlisle Library : Map 2 Image © Carlisle Library

evidence:-	descriptive text:- West 1778 (11th edn 1821)
source data:-	Guide book, A Guide to the Lakes, by Thomas West, published by William Pennington, Kendal, Cumbria once Westmorland, and in London, 1778 to 1821. goto source Page 94:- "... All Borrowdale was give (sic) to the monks of Furness, probably by one of the Derwent family, and Adam de Derwentwater gave them free ingress and egress through all his lands [1]. The Grange was the place where they laid up their grain and their tithe, ..." "[1] Antiquities of Furness, page 106." goto source Page 96:- "..." "The rocky scenes in Borrowdale are most fantastic, and the entrance rugged. One" goto source Page 97:- "rock elbows out, and turns the road directly against another. Bowder-stone, on the right, in the very pass, is a mountain of itself, and the road winds round its base. Here rock riots over rock, and mountain intersecting mountain, form one grand semicircular sweep. Extensive woods deck their steep sides; trees grow from pointed rocks, and rocks appear like trees. Here the Derwent, rapid as the Rhone, rolls his crystal streams through all the labyrinth of embattled obstacles. Indeed, the scenes here are sublimely terrible, the assemblage of magnificent objects so stupendously great, and the arrangement so extraordinary curious, that they must excite the most sensible feelings of wonder and surprise, and at once impress the mind with reverential awe and admiration." "The most gigantic mountains that form the outline of this tremendous landscape, and inclose Borrowdale, are Eagle-crag, Glaramara, Bull-crag, and Serjeant-crag. ..." goto source Page 98:- "... Glaramara is a mountain of perpendicular rock, immense in height and much broken. It appears on the western canton, and outline of the picture. Bull-crag and Serjeant-crag are in the centre, and their ruggid (sic) sides concealed with hanging woods." "The road continues good to Rosthwaite, the first village in this romantic region, ... Amidst these tremendous scenes of rocks and mountains, there is a peculiar circumstance, of consolation to the traveller, that distinguishes this from other mountainous tracts, where the hills are divided by bogs and mosses often difficult to pass, which is, that the mosses here, are on" goto source Page 99:- "the tops of the mountains, and a way over, or round them, is never very difficult to find. The inhabitants of the dales are served with turf-fuel from these mosses, ..." "The mountains here are separated by wooded glens, verdant dells, and fertile vales, which, besides forming a pleasing contrast, relieve the imagination with delighted ideas, that the inhabitants of these rude regions are far removed from the want of the necessaries of life, for themselves, their herds, and flocks, during the exclusion-months from the rest of the community, by the winter snows. ..." goto source Addendum; Mr Gray's Journal, 1769 Page 203:- "Oct. 3. [at Keswick] A heavenly day; rose at seven, and walked out under the conduct of my landlord to Borrowdale; ... ... to the left, the jaws of Borrowdale, with that turbulent chaos of mountain behind mountain, rolled in confusion; ... ... This scene continues to Barrowgate, and a little further, passing a brook called Barrow-beck, we entered Borrowdale: the crags named Lowdore-banks began now to impend terribly over the way, and more terribly when you hear that three years since an immense mass of rock tumbled at once from the brow, barred all access to the dale (for this is the only road) till they could work their way through it. Luckily no one was passing by at the time of this fall; but down the side of the mountain, and far into the lake, lie dispersed the huge fragments of this" goto source Page 204:- "ruin, in all shapes and in all directions: ..." "..." "The hills here are clothed all up their steep sides with oak, ash, birch, holly, &c., some of it has been cut forty years ago, some within these eight years: yet it is all sprung again, green, flourishing, and tall for its age, in a place where no soil appears but the staring rock, and where a man could scarce stand upright. ..." goto source Page 205:- "... By the side of this hill [Castle Crag], which almost blocks up the way, the valley turns to the left, and contracts its dimensions till there is hardly any road but the rocky bed of the river. The wood of the mountains increases, and their summits grow loftier to the eye, and of more fantastic forms; among them appear Eagle's-cliff, Dove's-nest, Whitedale pike, &c. celebrated in the annals of Keswick. The dale opens about four miles higher, till you come to Seathwaite, where lies the way, mounting the hill to the right, that leads to the wad-mines; all farther access is here barred to prying mortals, only there is a little path winding over the fells, and for some weeks in the year passable to the dalesmen; but the mountains know well that these innocent people will not reveal the mysteries of their ancient kingdom, 'the reign Chaos and Old Night,' ..." "For me , I went no farther than the farmer's (better than four miles from Keswick) at Grange; ... Our farmer was himself the man that last year plundered the eagles' eyrie: all the dale are up in arms on such an occasion, for they loss (sic) abundance of lambs yearly, not to mention hares, partridges, grouse, &c. He was let down from the cliff, in ropes, to the shelf of the rock on which the nest was built, the people above shouting and hallooing to frighten the old birds, which did not dare to attack him. He brought off the eaglet (for there is rarely more than one) and an addle egg. The nest was roundish, and more than a yard over, made of twigs" goto source Page 206:- "twisted together. Seldom a year passes, but they take the brood, or eggs, and sometimes they shoot one, sometimes the other, parent; but the survivor has always found a mate (probably in Ireland) and they breed near the old place. By his description I learn that this species is the Erne, the vulture Abicilla of Linnaeus in his last edition (but in your's Falco Albicilla) so consult him and Pennant about it."

evidence:-	old print:- Gilpin 1786 placename:- Borrodale
source data:-	Print, aquatint, Straits of Borrowdale, by William Gilpin, 1772-74. goto source click to enlarge GLP314.jpg Plate vol 1 opposite p.193 in Observations on Picturesque Beauty published by T Cadell and W Davies, Strand, London, 1808. caption from the list of plates:- "An illustration of that sort of country, which composes the narrower parts of the straits of Borrodale. They consist of rocky, or craggy mountains on each side; with a stream, or, in some parts (where the stream may be hid) a road, in the middle. But it is difficult to give any idea of these tremendous scenes, in so small a compass, as they are here exhibited: for, as their terror consists greatly in their immensity, it is not easy to persuade the eye to conceive highly of their grandeur from these diminutive representations.- Mr. Farrington has given us, on a larger scale, a fine portrait, and I think, a very exact one, of the entrance into these straits at the village of Grange." item:- Armitt Library : A918.14 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old text:- Clarke 1787 placename:- Borrowdale item:- story; Borrowdale stories; cuckoo; gowk; proverb; red deer; deer; Joan na ma cronk; Jack eslop; kite; glead; heron
source data:-	Guide book, A Survey of the Lakes of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, written and published by James Clarke, Penrith, Cumberland, and in London etc, 1787; published 1787-93. goto source Page 75:- "..." "Borrowdale, till within these last thirty years, was hardly in a state even of civilization; the surface of the ground was very little cultivated, for agriculture was not understood there, and the inhabitants were a proverb, even among their unpolished neighbours, for ignorance. A thousand absurd and improbable stories are related concerning their stupidity; so many, indeed, that one would almost have been tempted to parody the old Jewish sarcasm of, "Out of Galilee cometh no prophet;" into a more modern form; out of "Borrowdale cometh no common sense."" "Not above twenty years ago, a cart or any kind of wheel-carriage, was totally unknown in Borrowdale; in carrying home their hay (for they make no stacks,) they lay it upon their horses in bundles, one on each side; yet, strange to tell, so bigotted are the inhabitants, even of the more civilized parts, that they obstinately adhere to this absurd custom: the traveller may even see hay carried in this manner through the streets of Keswick; and if he asks the reason, he will meet with no other answer, than that it is an old custom:" ""Custom that mankind into slav'ry brings, The dull excuse for doing silly things."" "Their manure they carried in the same manner, putting it in wicker baskets; in the same manner they carried the smaller wood for firing, the larger logs they trailed. Their food in Summer consisted of fish and small mutton of a particular kind; in Winter they lived upon bacon and hung mutton. Nor was their manner of drying their muttons less rude; they hung the sheep up by the hinder legs, and took away nothing but the head and entrails. In this situation I myself have seen seven sheep hanging in one chimney, and have been told of much greater numbers." "One story, that shews the uncommon ignorance which prevailed in this vale, I cannot help relating, as I know it to be strictly true. It happened, indeed, within my own memory, and was communicated to me by a man who that a party concerned. One of the shepherds being upon the mountains, saw a red deer, an animal with which he was totally unacquainted. He instantly run and told his neighbours that he had seen an horned horse, and begged their assistance to catch him. His neighbours immediately provided ropes, thinking to take him by the same means as they did their horses when wild, viz.; by running them into a strait, and then tripping them up with a cord. Accordingly a considerable number of them set off to take this strange animal. The chace, we may very naturally suppose, was fruitless; they followed the deer for several hours, and at last returned, all of them heartily tired, and most of them thoroughly convinced they had been chacing a witch."
source data:-	goto source Page 75:- "The people of Borrowdale have been, on account of the old commonplace-joke of walling in the cuckow, called Borrowdale Gowks; the word gowk being the Scottish name for a cuckow. Their dialect is likewise very different from the general dialect of the county; in all their words they leave out the letter h, and have many names for things different from their neighbours. An heron they call Joan-na-ma-cronk; a glead, or kite, they call Jack-eslop, with many others of the same species." "..." goto source Page 81:- "... from this rude vale have sprung more than one genius, who would have done honour to the most polished and refined cities: as instances, I shall only name Sir John Banks, who rose to the highest dignities in the State, whose worth was greater than his titles; and Mr John Banks his descendant, who inherits the virtues of his ancestor, and is perfectly well known in the learned world as a teacher of philosophy. This Sir John Banks was Attorney-General to King Charles the I. and Lord Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas; he attended the King to Oxford, and was made one of the privy council; he died there, and was buried in the Cathedral Church, A.D. 1644."

evidence:-	old text:- Camden 1789 placename:- Borrodale
source data:-	Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789. goto source Page 170:- "..." "... Borrodale, a valley surrounded with crooked hills, ..."

evidence:-	old map:- Aikin 1790 (Cmd) placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, by John Aikin, London, 1790. click to enlarge AIK3.jpg "Borrowdale" area by river; valley item:- JandMN : 145 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old map:- Laurie and Whittle 1806 placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Road map, Completion of the Roads to the Lakes, scale about 10 miles to 1 inch, by Nathaniel Coltman? 1806, published by Robert H Laurie, 53 Fleet Street, London, 1834. click to enlarge Lw18.jpg "Borrowdale" village or other place item:- private collection : 18.18 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old map:- Cooper 1808 placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 10.5 miles to 1 inch, drawn and engraved by Cooper, published by R Phillips, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, 1808. click to enlarge COP3.jpg "Borrowdale" circle; village or hamlet item:- JandMN : 86 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old text:- Green 1810 placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Set of prints, soft ground etchings, Sixty Studies from Nature, by William Green, Ambleside, Westmorland, drawn 1808-10, published 1810. goto source page 77:- "[Rosthwaite] ... is the centre of a three grained valley (as it is termed in the north), and the roads to Rosthwaite from Langdale and Wastdale run through two of these grains on the banks of streams, which, uniting below the village, form the river Derwent; the Derwent, winding through the rocky channel of the third grain, empties itself into the lake a mile below Grange." "Borrowdale, from the summit of a green hill near Rosthwaite, exhibits an extraordinary mixture of sublimity and beauty; the surrounding mountains being high, finely formed, and luxuriantly dressed in wood, from amongst which rocks often appearing, give to the whole an additional interest."

evidence:-	old print:- Green 1810 (plate 41) placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, soft ground etching, Borrowdale near Bowder Stone, Borrowdale, Cumberland, by William Green, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1809. click to enlarge GN1241.jpg Plate 41 in Sixty Studies from Nature, 1810. printed at top right:- "41" printed at bottom:- "BORROWDALE NEAR BOWDER STONE. / Drawn &Engraved by William Green, and Published at Ambleside, Augst. 1, 1809." watermark:- "J WHATMAN / 1813" item:- Armitt Library : A6641.41 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old map:- Otley 1818 placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Map, uncoloured engraving, The District of the Lakes, Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Jonathan Otley, 1818, engraved by J and G Menzies, Edinburgh, Scotland, published by Jonathan Otley, Keswick, Cumberland, et al, 1833. OT02NY21.jpg "BORROWDALE" item:- JandMN : 48.1 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Westall 1820
source data:-	Print, uncoloured mezzotint, Keswick Lake, from Barrow Common, Cumberland, drawn and engraved by William Westall, published by Rodwell and Martin, New Bond Street, London, 1820. click to enlarge WTL106.jpg printed, bottom left, centre "Drawn & Engraved by W. Westall A.R.A. / Keswick Lake, / from Barrow Common. / Published April 1, 1820, by Hurst, Robinson &Co. Cheapside." item:- Armitt Library : A6671.6 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Westall 1820
source data:-	Print, uncoloured mezzotint, Keswick Lake, from the East Side, Cumberland, twilight, drawn and engraved by William Westall, published by Rodwell and Martin, New Bond Street, London, 1820. click to enlarge WTL111.jpg printed, bottom left, centre "Drawn & Engraved by W. Westall A.R.A. / Keswick Lake, / from the East side. / Published June 1, 1820, by Hurst, Robinson &Co. Cheapside." item:- Armitt Library : A6671.11 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	descriptive text:- Otley 1823 (5th edn 1834) item:- geology
source data:-	Guide book, A Concise Description of the English Lakes, the mountains in their vicinity, and the roads by which they may be visited, with remarks on the mineralogy and geology of the district, by Jonathan Otley, published by the author, Keswick, Cumberland now Cumbria, by J Richardson, London, and by Arthur Foster, Kirkby Lonsdale, Cumbria, 1823; published 1823-49, latterly as the Descriptive Guide to the English Lakes. goto source Page 124:- "TO BORROWDALE BY WATENDLETH." "On a second excursion to Borrowdale, on foot or on horseback, the road by Ashness to Watendleth may be taken. From a bridge above Barrow Cascade, there is a splendid view of the valley, with the lakes of Derwent and Bassenthwaite; and a little further on, by deviating to the edge of a precipice on the right, the waterfall of Lowdore comes in view, and the lake appears at an awful depth beneath your feet. After losing sight of the lakes, the road lies along a contracted valley, by the side of the stream which supplies the cataract of Lowdore. At the distance of five miles from Keswick, it reaches Watendleth, ... A track leads from thence over the hill, from which there is a fine view of the head of Borrowdale; it then descends steeply to Rosthwaite, whence the return may be made by Bowder Stone to Keswick; a circuit of 14 miles. To contract this excursion, the stream from Watendleth may be crossed about a mile beyond Ashness; then turning towards Lowdore, there is a peculiar view of a part of Derwentwater through the opening above the waterfall: which may be varied at pleasure, from a higher or a lower station." goto source Page 155:- "The SECOND division [of slate rocks] comprehends the mountains of Eskdale, Wasdale, Ennerdale, Borrowdale, Langdale, Grasmere, Patterdale, Martindale, Mardale, and some adjacent places; including the two highest mountains of the district, Scawfell and Helvellyn, as well as the Old Man at Coniston. All our fine towering crags belong to it; and most of the cascades among the lakes fall over it. There are indeed some lofty precipices in the former division; ..." "... A reddish aggregated rock of a coarse slaty structure, is to be seen on entering the common on the road from Keswick towards Borrowdale. It appears" goto source Page 156:- "to form one of the lower beds of the division, and may be traced each way to some distance." "..." goto source Page 156:- "... An amygdaloid rock, containing nodules of calcareous spar, and sometimes of agate, opal or calcedony, is met with in several places; ... between Bowder Stone and Rosthwaite ..."

evidence:-	descriptive text:- Ford 1839 (3rd edn 1843) placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Guide book, A Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by Rev William Ford, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, by W Edwards, 12 Ave Maria Lane, Charles Tilt, Fleet Street, William Smith, 113 Fleet Street, London, by Currie and Bowman, Newcastle, by Bancks and Co, Manchester, by Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, and by Sinclair, Dumfries, 1839. goto source Page 66:- "..." "BORROWDALE." "Not the least interesting is that into this dale, at the entrance of which we were in the ride round Derwent Water. At a distance it seems as if all further progress were staid by a barrier of mountains, but upon approaching this wall, one mountain corner is found to be set a little past the other, so that a winding entrance is left; the gorge is straight, the whole width being occupied by the road and river." goto source Page 67:- "[wind]ing river are below, the village of Rosthwaite is in front at the junction of the vales of Stonethwaite and Seathwaite, while Eagle Crag and Glaramara tower above." "The Bowder Stone next arrests the attention, ... On the right are Randerson's Band Rocks; beneath meanders the Derwent, enriching with welcome fertility, the fields and meadows through which are scattered the dwellings of Borrowdale. These rich meadows stretch to the borders of the mountains, whose" goto source Page 68:- "bases and sloping sides are covered with wood almost to their aspiring tops. At Rosthwaite, the principal hamlet, is a small inn. The vales of which Borrowdale is composed diverge from this village, up which the tourist approaches from Keswick to the north; Seatoller leading to Buttermere to the west; Seathwaite and over the Stye Head to Wastdale in a southerly direction; and Stonethwaite to the south-east, which again separates into Langstreth, leading over the Stake into Great Langdale, and Greenup leading into Easedale, and thence to Grasmere." "A little up the road from the inn towards Stonethwaite is a splendid view, the river forming the foreground, and Eagle Crag the distance. The tourist should not fail to proceed to the point where the grains of Greenup and Langstreth separate, which he must do by crossing Stonethwaite Bridge. This makes a picturesque subject, the village composing the middle ground, and the Hay Stacks the distance; then ascend a little way up the wooded rocks on the left, by which means he will command a view of both at once, divided by the towering precipices of Eagle Crag, having Bull Crag directly in front. The mountains of this dale, clad with oaks and ash, yews and thorns, almost to their summits, are the loftiest and most beautiful in Borrowdale."

evidence:-	old drawing:- Aspland 1840s-60s
source data:-	Drawing, pencil, in a quarry, Borrowdale, Cumberland, by Theophilus Lindsey Aspland, 1857. click to enlarge AS0519.jpg "Quarry (Borrowdale)" page number "15" item:- Armitt Library : 1958.389.19 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old drawing:- Aspland 1840s-60s placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Drawing, pencil, Borrowdale, Cumberland, by Theophilus Lindsey Aspland, 1857. click to enlarge AS0526.jpg "Borrowdale / seen from Rosthwaite." page number "21" item:- Armitt Library : 1958.389.26 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old drawing:- Aspland 1840s-60s
source data:-	Drawing, pencil, yew trees, Borrowdale, Cumberland, by Theophilus Lindsey Aspland, 1857. click to enlarge AS0540.jpg "Yew Trees Borrowdale" page number "32" item:- Armitt Library : 1958.389.40 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	possibly old drawing:- Aspland 1840s-60s
source data:-	Drawing, pencil, valley, perhaps Borrowdale, Cumberland, by Theophilus Lindsey Aspland, 1857. click to enlarge AS0541.jpg page number "33" item:- Armitt Library : 1958.389.41 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	possibly old drawing:- Aspland 1840s-60s
source data:-	Drawing, pencil, valley, perhaps Borrowdale, Cumberland, by Theophilus Lindsey Aspland, 1857. click to enlarge AS0543.jpg page number "34" item:- Armitt Library : 1958.389.43 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old drawing:- Aspland 1840s-60s
source data:-	Drawing, pencil, Borrowdale from Sty Head, Cumberland, by Theophilus Lindsey Aspland, 1857. click to enlarge AS0545.jpg "coming down from / Sty Head into Borrowdale" page number "36" item:- Armitt Library : 1958.389.45 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old drawing:- Aspland 1840s-60s placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Drawing, pencil, Borrowdale near Grange, Cumberland, by Theophilus Lindsey Aspland, 1857. click to enlarge AS0546.jpg "nr Grange Borrowdale" page number "37" item:- Armitt Library : 1958.389.46 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old drawing:- Aspland 1840s-60s
source data:-	Drawing, pencil, near the Bowder Stone,Borrowdale, Cumberland, by Theophilus Lindsey Aspland, 1852. click to enlarge AS0324.jpg "Near Bowder Stone. / Sty head / see next page" page number "(18)" item:- Armitt Library : 1958.390.24 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old drawing:- Aspland 1840s-60s
source data:-	Drawing, pencil, near Bowder Stone, Borrowdale, Cumberland, by Theophilus Lindsey Aspland, 23 August 1852. click to enlarge AS0325.jpg "Ne[ ] Bowder Stone / see p 18 / Nr Sty Hd / Aug 23" page number "19" item:- Armitt Library : 1958.390.25 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Garnett 1850s-60s F placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, uncoloured lithograph, Borrowdale, from near the Bowder Stone, Cumberland, drawn by T L Aspland, engraved by William Banks, Edinburgh, published by John Garnett, Post Office, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s? click to enlarge GA1301.jpg printed, bottom left, right, centre "L. Aspland, Delt. / Engd. by W. Banks, Edinr. / BORROWDALE. / FROM NEAR THE BOWDER STONE. / PUBLISHED BY J. GARNETT, WINDERMERE." item:- Armitt Library : ALMA335.1 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old map:- Garnett 1850s-60s H placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Map of the English Lakes, in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s. GAR2NY21.jpg "Borrowdale" valley, partly marked by hachures item:- JandMN : 82.1 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Pyne 1853 placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, tinted lithograph, The Derwent River and Borrowdale, Cumberland, by James Baker Pyne, engraved by W Gauci, published by Thomas Agnew and Sons, Manchester, Lancashire, 1853. click to enlarge PYN224.jpg "PAINTED BY J. B. PYNE. / W. GAUCI LITH. / MANCHESTER, PUBLISHED BY THOMAS AGNEW & SONS, 1853. / The Derwent River and Borrowdale / [ ]" item:- Armitt Library : A6678.25 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Pyne 1853 placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, coloured lithograph, The Derwent River and Borrowdale, Cumberland, by James Baker Pyne, engraved by W Gauci, published by Thomas Agnew and Sons, Manchester, Lancashire, 1853. click to enlarge PYN424.jpg item:- Armitt Library : A6677.25 Image © see bottom of page

	Martineau Directory 1855

evidence:-	old text:- Martineau 1855 item:- lime, Borrowdale; cuckoo, Borrowdale; stirrups, Borrowdale; peacock, Borrowdale; cannon; echoes
source data:-	Guide book, A Complete Guide to the English Lakes, by Harriet Martineau, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, and by Whittaker and Co, London, 1855; published 1855-76. goto source Page 77:- "..." "He is now standing in the middle of that far-famed Borrowdale, of which so many curious tales are told. Its inhabitants were once considered as primitive as we now consider those of Watendlath; and a good deal" goto source Page 78:- "more, if the current stories are true. It is said that an old Borrowdale man was once sent a very long way for something very new, by some innovator who had found his way into the dale. The man was to go with horse and sacks (for there were no carts, because there was no road) to bring some lime from beyond Keswick. On his return, when he was near Grange, it began to rain; and the man was alarmed at seeing his sacks begin to smoke. He got a hatful of water from the river; but the smoke grew worse. Assured at length that the devil must be in any fire which was aggravated by water, he tossed the whole load over into the river. That must have been before the dalesmen built their curious wall; for they must have had lime for that. Spring being very charming in Borrowdale, and the sound of the cuckoo gladsome, the people determined to build a wall to keep in the cuckoo, and make the spring last for ever. So they built a wall across the entrance, at Grange. The plan did not answer; but that was, according to the popular belief from generation to generation, because the wall was not built one course higher. It is simply for want of a top course in that wall that eternal spring does not reign in Borrowdale. Another anecdote shows, however, that a bright wit did occasionally show himself among them. A "statesman" - (an "estatesman," or small proprietor) - went one day to a distant fair or sale, and brought home what neither he nor his. neighbours had ever seen before;- a pair of stirrups. Home he came jogging, with his feet in his stirrups; but, by the time he reached his own door, he had jammed his feet in so fast that they would not come" goto source Page 79:- "out. There was great alarm and lamentation; but, as it could not be helped now, the good man patiently sat his horse in the pasture for a day or two, his family bringing him food, till the eldest son, vexed to see the horse suffering by exposure, proposed to bring both into the stable. This was done; and there sat the farmer for several days,- his food being brought to him, as before. At length, it struck the second son that it was a pity not to make his father useful, and release the horse; so he proposed to carry him, on the saddle, into the house. By immense exertion it was done; the horse being taken alongside the midden in the yard, to ease the fall: and the good man found himself under his own roof again,- spinning wool in a corner of the kitchen. There the mounted man sat spinning, through the cleverness of his second son, till the lucky hour arrived of his youngest son's return,- he being a scholar,- a learned student from St. Bees. After duly considering the case, he gave his counsel. He suggested that the goodman should draw his feet out of his shoes. This was done, amidst the blessings of the family; and the goodman was restored to his occupations and to liberty. The wife was so delighted that she said if she had a score of children, she would make them all scholars,- if only she had to begin life again." "It is by no means to be supposed, however, that there was no wit in the valley, but what had come from St. Bees. On the contrary, a native genius, on one occasion, came to a conclusion so striking that it is doubtful whether any university could rival it. A stranger came riding into the dale on a mule, and, being" goto source Page 80:- "bound for the mountains, went up the pass on foot, leaving the animal in the care of his host. The host had never seen such a creature before, nor had his neighbours. Fearing mischief, they consulted the wise man of the dale; for they kept a Sagum, or medicine man, to supply their deficiencies. He came, and after an examination of the mule, drew a circle round it, and consulted his books while his charms were burning; and, at length, announced that he had found it. The creature must be, he concluded, a peacock. So Borrowdale could then boast, without a rival, of a visit from a stranger who came riding on a peacock. There is a real and strong feeling in the district about these old stories. Only last year, when a Borrowdale man entered a country inn, a prior guest said simply "cuckoo," and was instantly knocked down; and a passionate fight ensued. This cannot last much longer,- judging by the number of new houses,- abodes of gentry,- built or building in Borrowdale. The wrath must presently turn to a laugh in the humblest chimney corner in the dale." "..." goto source Page 82:- "... There is something else to be heard here [Lodore]; and that is the Borrowdale echoes. A cannon is planted in the meadow before the inn, which awakens an uproar from the surrounding crags to Glaramara." "..." goto source Page 135:- "..." "At the turn under Honister Crag, ... Borrowdale begins to open upon the eye;- at first in the form of a triangular bit of green level far below among the hills. By degrees, the overlapping mountains part asunder, and disclose more farmsteads and broader levels, till the fences are reached. ..."

evidence:-	old print, old text:- Martineau 1855
source data:-	Tipped in opposite p.152 in A Complete Guide to the English Lakes, by Harriet Martineau. goto source click to enlarge MNU118.jpg Print, engraving, Borrowdale near the Bowder Stone, drawn by L Aspland, engraved by W Banks, Edinburgh, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, and by Whittaker and Co, London, 1855. "L Aspland Delt. / W Banks Sc Edinr. / BORROWDALE / near the Bowder Stone." item:- Armitt Library : A1159.18 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old text:- Martineau 1855 item:- placename, Borrowdale; wild boar
source data:-	Guide book, A Complete Guide to the English Lakes, by Harriet Martineau, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, and by Whittaker and Co, London, 1855; published 1855-76. goto source Page 152:- "..." "Antiquarians tell us that Borrowdale was anciently called Boredale, "having its name probably from the wild boars which used, in former times, to haunt the woody part of Wastdale Forest; the hill above it being called Sty Head, where the swine were wont to feed in the summer, ..." "..." goto source Page 155:- "... the traveller will find no "nuts and acorns" in this "Boredale," nor any remarkable number of swine. ..."

evidence:-	old print:- Nelson 1853 (edn 1880s) placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, chromolithograph, View in Borrowdale, Cumberland, published by Thomas Nelson and Sons, London, 1880s? click to enlarge NS0332.jpg At the end of Views of the English Lakes, and Tourists Guide to the English Lakes. printed at bottom:- "VIEW IN BORROWDALE" item:- JandMN : 474.33 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old photograph:- Bell 1880s-1940s
source data:-	Photograph, black and white, Borrowdale from the Bowder Stone, Cumberland, by Herbert Bell, photographer, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1890s. click to enlarge HB0873.jpg internegative at lower right:- "H. Bell" item:- Armitt Library : ALPS544 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old photograph:- Bell 1880s-1940s
source data:-	Photograph, sepia, Borrowdale looking across the River Derwent, Cumberland, by Herbert Bell, photographer, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1890s. click to enlarge HB0865.jpg item:- Armitt Library : ALPS536 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old photograph:- Bell 1880s-1940s
source data:-	Photograph, black and white, Derwent Water and Borrowdale, from Castle Head, Keswick, Cumberland, by Herbert Bell, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1890s. click to enlarge HB0477.jpg internegative at lower right:- "H. Bell" stamped at reverse:- "HERBERT BELL / Photographer / AMBLESIDE" item:- Armitt Library : ALPS136 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old photograph:- Bell 1880s-1940s
source data:-	Photograph, black and white, Borrowdale, Cumberland, looking up the river, by Herbert Bell, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1890s. click to enlarge HB0389.jpg internegative at lower left:- "H. Bell" stamped at reverse:- "HERBERT BELL / Photographer / AMBLESIDE" item:- Armitt Library : ALPS44 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old photograph:- Bell 1880s-1940s
source data:-	Photograph, sepia, Borrowdale, Cumberland, by Herbert Bell, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1890s. click to enlarge HB0394.jpg internegative at lower left:- "H. Bell" item:- Armitt Library : ALPS39 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old photograph:- Bell 1880s-1940s
source data:-	Photograph, black and white, Borrowdale from the Bowder Stone, Cumberland, by Herbert Bell, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1890s. click to enlarge HB0377.jpg stamped at reverse:- "HERBERT BELL / Photographer / AMBLESIDE" item:- Armitt Library : ALPS31 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old photograph:- Bell 1880s-1940s
source data:-	Photograph, b/w, Borrowdale, Cumberland, by Herbert Bell, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1890s? click to enlarge HB0319.jpg item:- Armitt Library : ALPS678 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Brabant 1902 placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, uncoloured lithograph, Borrowdale, In the Jaws, Cumberland, by Edmund H New, published by Methuen and Co, 36 Essex Street, Strand, London, 1902. click to enlarge BBT111.jpg Tipped in opposite p.272 of The English Lakes, by F G Brabant. printed at bottom left:- "E. H. N" printed at bottom:- "BORROWDALE ("IN THE JAWS")" item:- JandMN : 502.19 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old photograph:- Marr 1916 placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Photograph, halftone print, Hanging Valleys in Borrowdale, Cumberland, 1916. click to enlarge MA1219.jpg item:- JandMN : 173.27 Image © see bottom of page

hearsay:-	Alice de Rumelli, heiress of the Barony of Allerdale, sold the manor of Borrowdale to Furness Abbey, 1209.

hearsay:-	The Derwentwater Family gave part of the valley to Furness Abbey. When the abbey lost its lands at the Dissolution of the Monasteries, it reverted to the crown and was sold to two gentlemen in London. They sold the land to the tenants at a very low price, less than one years rents. The deed of sale is known as the Great Deed of Borrowdale, 1613 or 1614.

story:-	So welcome was spring, announced by the cuckoo, that people in Borrowdale tried to keep spring in by building a wall around the valley to hold the cuckoo in. In time, the cuckoo flew off, and the neighbours in the valley sadly told each other:-
	"Another course of stones would have done it."

hearsay:-	An offcomer with new ideas sent a Borrowdale man out to beyond Keswick, a very long way, to bring home some lime for the land. On the way back it rained, and the man was terrified by the lime smoking, he tried to put it out with water from the river and as when this failed he threw the whole load in the water.

hearsay:-	One statesman from the valley come home with a pair of stirrups, something never before seen. On reaching home he found his feet were jammed in so tight that he couldn't dismount, so he sat for a couple of days in a field, being brought food from the house. His son took pity on the horse and moved it, and rider, to the stable, where the statesman stayed in the saddle for a few days more. The second son didn't like to see his father wasting time, so he was carried, saddle and all, indoors to sit spinning. Then the youngest son came home from St Bees school, and being cleverer than the rest of the family solved the problem; his father should slip his feet from his shoes and become free again.

hearsay:-	Sarah Youdale died 1869, age 101:-
	"Ivverbody lived on their own produce, and were clad wid yam mead cloath. There wasn't a farmhouse but ye med hard through a' t'lang winter neets, whirring an' birring o' t'wheels."

hearsay:-	Samuel Taylor Coleridge, with his sons Hartley age 6 and Derwent age 2, 27 September 1802:-
	"The river is full, and Lodore is full, and silver-fillets come out of the clouds and glitter in every ravine of all the mountains; and the hail lies like snow, upon their tops, and the impetuous gusts from Borrowdale snatch the water up high, and continually at the bottom of the lake it is not distinguishable from snow slanting before the wind - and under this seeming snow-drift the sunshine gleams, and over the nether half of the lake it is bright and dazzles, a cauldron of melted silver boiling! It is in very truth a sunny, misty, cloudy, dazzling, howling, omniform day, and I have been looking at as pretty a sight as a father's eyes could well see - Hartley and little Derwent running in the green where the gusts blow most madly, both with their hair floating and tossing, a miniature of the agitated trees, below which they were playing, inebriate both with pleasure - Hartley whirling round for joy, Derwent eddying, half-willingly, half by the force of the gust, - driven backward, struggling forward, and shouting his little hymn of joy."

evidence:-	old print:- Barber and Atkinson 1927 placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, halftone photograph, Castle Crag, Borrowdale, Cumberland, by E H Atkinson, published by James Atkinson, Caxton Printing Works, Ulverston, Lancashire, 1928. click to enlarge AK0409.jpg Tipped in opposite p.41 of Lakeland Passes, by John B Barber and George Atkinson, 1927, 3rd edn 1928. printed at bottom:- "Photo E. H. Atkinson. Castle Crag, Borrowdale. (To face plage 38." item:- JandMN : 350.10 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, Borrowdale, Cumberland, by W H J Bool, published late 19th century? click to enlarge PR0330.jpg On page 151 of The English Lakes. printed at lower left:- "[WHJBool]" printed at bottom:- "BORROWDALE." item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.330 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	outline view:- Jenkinson 1875 placename:- Borrowdale Valley
source data:-	Print, lithograph, outline view, Panoramic Sketches from Skiddaw, Cumberland, by Edwin A Pettitt, London, published by Edward Stanford, 55 Charing Cross, London, 1875. click to enlarge Jk01E2.jpg "... Borrowdale Valley ..." item:- JandMN : 28.8 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	outline view:- Jenkinson 1875 placename:- Borrowdale Valley
source data:-	Print, lithograph, outline view, Panoramic Sketches from Scawfell Pike, Cumberland, by Edwin A Pettitt, London, published by Edward Stanford, 55 Charing Cross, London, 1875. click to enlarge Jk01E3.jpg "... Borrowdale ..." item:- JandMN : 28.9 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	outline view:- Matthew 1866 placename:- Bordale
source data:-	Print, engraving, outline view, Mountains as seen from the Road to Wastwater near Murthwaiteside, Cumberland, published by J Richardson, Highgate, Kendal, Westmorland, 1866. click to enlarge MW1E03.jpg Tipped in before p.1 of The English Lakes, Peaks and Passes, from Kendal to Keswick, by George King Matthew. printed at bottom:- "MOUNTAINS AS SEEN FROM THE ROAD TO WASTWATER NEAR MURTHWAITESIDE." printed at caption to mountains:- "... Bordale Val[l ] ..." item:- Armitt Library : A1168.3 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Religious Tract Society 1860s placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, engraving, Borrowdale, Cumberland, published by the Religious Tract Society, London, 1860s? click to enlarge RL01E5.jpg Tipped in opp.p.58 in How To See the English Lakes. printed at bottom:- "BORROWDALE." item:- Armitt Library : A1150.6 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:-
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, Grange, Buttermere, actually Borrowdale, Cumberland, engraved by M Jackson, published late 19th century? click to enlarge PR0342.jpg On a page of The Land We Live In. printed at bottom:- "4.- GRANGE, BUTTERMERE." item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.342 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, Borrowdale from near the Bowder Stone, Cumberland, drawn by T Aspland, engraved by W Banks, Edinburgh, published by J Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s? click to enlarge PR0224.jpg printed at bottom left, right, centre:- "T. Aspland. Delt. / Engd. by W. Banks, Edinr. / BORROWDALE. / FROM NEAR THE BOWDER STONE. / PUBLISHED BY J. GARNETT, WINDERMERE." item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.224 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	outline view:- Tattersall 1836 (version 1869) placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, hand coloured, Borrowdale, from near Rosthwaite, Cumberland, drawn by George Tattersall, 1836, engraved by W F Topham, published by T J Allman, 463 Oxford Street, London, 1869. click to enlarge TAT209.jpg Included in The Lakes of England, by W F Topham. printed at bottom:- "BORROWDALE, / from near Rosthwaite" printed at bottom:- "Borrowdale Fells. / Helvellyn. / Eagle Crag. / Stonethwaite. / Stonethwaite Fells. / Glaramara." item:- Armitt Library : A1067.9 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	outline view:- Tattersall 1836 placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, engraving, Borrowdale, from near Rosthwaite, Cumberland, drawn by George Tattersall, engraved by W F Topham, published by Sherwood and Co, Paternoster Row, London, about 1836. click to enlarge TAT125.jpg The print is captioned with mountain names and acts as an outline view. Tipped in opposite p.72 of The Lakes of England, by George Tattersall. printed at bottom:- "BORROWDALE. / from near Rosthwaite." printed at bottom left to right:- "Borrowdale Fells. / Helvellyn. / Eagle Crag. / Stonethwaite. / Stonethwaite Fells. / Glaramara." item:- Armitt Library : A1204.26 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Rose 1832-35 (vol.1 no.64) placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, Rossthwaite, Borrowdale, from the Road to Watenlath, Cumberland, drawn by Thomas Allom, engraved by R Sands, published by Fisher, Son and Co, London, 1833. click to enlarge PR0025.jpg vol.1 pl.64 in the set of prints, Westmorland, Cumberland, Durham and Northumberland Illustrated. printed at bottom left, right, centre:- "T. Allom. / R. Sands. / ROSSTHWAITE, BORROWDALE, FROM THE ROAD TO WATENLATH. / FISHER, SON &CO. LONDON, 1833." item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.25 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Britton and Brayley 1802 placename:- Burrowdale
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, Burrowdale, from Bowdar Stone, Cumberland, drawn by A Wilson, engraved by Hay, published by Vernor and Hood, Poultry, London, 1800s. click to enlarge PR0140.jpg Included in the Beauties of England and Wales, by John Britton and Edward W Brayley. printed at bottom left, right, centre:- "Engrav'd by Hay from a Drawing by A. Wilson / for the Beauties of England and Wales. / BURROWDALE, / From Bowdar Stone, / Cumberland. / [London. Publish'd by Vernor &Hood. Poultry, ]" item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.140 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print with text:- Farington 1789 (plate 2) placename:- Gorge of Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, engraving, The Grange in Borrowdale, painted by Joseph Farington, engraved by W Byrne and T Medland, published by W Byrne, 79 Titchfield Street, London, 1784. click to enlarge BMZ90.jpg Plate 2 from Views of the Lakes, &c, in Cumberland and Westmorland, published 1789; with descriptive text:- "THE GRANGE IN BORROWDALE. ... In this spot is formed by the impending Mountains what Mr. Gray calls 'THE GORGE OF BORROWDALE.' ..." item:- Dove Cottage : Lowther.54 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Barber and Atkinson 1927 placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, halftone photograph, Castle Crag, Borrowdale, Cumberland, by E H Atkinson, published by James Atkinson, Caxton Printing Works, Ulverston, Lancashire, 1928. click to enlarge AK0409.jpg Tipped in opposite p.41 of Lakeland Passes, by John B Barber and George Atkinson, 1927, 3rd edn 1928. printed at bottom:- "Photo E. H. Atkinson. Castle Crag, Borrowdale. (To face plage 38." item:- JandMN : 350.10 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, Borrowdale, Cumberland, by W H J Bool, published late 19th century? click to enlarge PR0330.jpg On page 151 of The English Lakes. printed at lower left:- "[WHJBool]" printed at bottom:- "BORROWDALE." item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.330 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	outline view:- Jenkinson 1875 placename:- Borrowdale Valley
source data:-	Print, lithograph, outline view, Panoramic Sketches from Skiddaw, Cumberland, by Edwin A Pettitt, London, published by Edward Stanford, 55 Charing Cross, London, 1875. click to enlarge Jk01E2.jpg "... Borrowdale Valley ..." item:- JandMN : 28.8 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	outline view:- Jenkinson 1875 placename:- Borrowdale Valley
source data:-	Print, lithograph, outline view, Panoramic Sketches from Scawfell Pike, Cumberland, by Edwin A Pettitt, London, published by Edward Stanford, 55 Charing Cross, London, 1875. click to enlarge Jk01E3.jpg "... Borrowdale ..." item:- JandMN : 28.9 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	outline view:- Matthew 1866 placename:- Bordale
source data:-	Print, engraving, outline view, Mountains as seen from the Road to Wastwater near Murthwaiteside, Cumberland, published by J Richardson, Highgate, Kendal, Westmorland, 1866. click to enlarge MW1E03.jpg Tipped in before p.1 of The English Lakes, Peaks and Passes, from Kendal to Keswick, by George King Matthew. printed at bottom:- "MOUNTAINS AS SEEN FROM THE ROAD TO WASTWATER NEAR MURTHWAITESIDE." printed at caption to mountains:- "... Bordale Val[l ] ..." item:- Armitt Library : A1168.3 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Religious Tract Society 1860s placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, engraving, Borrowdale, Cumberland, published by the Religious Tract Society, London, 1860s? click to enlarge RL01E5.jpg Tipped in opp.p.58 in How To See the English Lakes. printed at bottom:- "BORROWDALE." item:- Armitt Library : A1150.6 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:-
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, Grange, Buttermere, actually Borrowdale, Cumberland, engraved by M Jackson, published late 19th century? click to enlarge PR0342.jpg On a page of The Land We Live In. printed at bottom:- "4.- GRANGE, BUTTERMERE." item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.342 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, Borrowdale from near the Bowder Stone, Cumberland, drawn by T Aspland, engraved by W Banks, Edinburgh, published by J Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s? click to enlarge PR0224.jpg printed at bottom left, right, centre:- "T. Aspland. Delt. / Engd. by W. Banks, Edinr. / BORROWDALE. / FROM NEAR THE BOWDER STONE. / PUBLISHED BY J. GARNETT, WINDERMERE." item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.224 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	outline view:- Tattersall 1836 (version 1869) placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, hand coloured, Borrowdale, from near Rosthwaite, Cumberland, drawn by George Tattersall, 1836, engraved by W F Topham, published by T J Allman, 463 Oxford Street, London, 1869. click to enlarge TAT209.jpg Included in The Lakes of England, by W F Topham. printed at bottom:- "BORROWDALE, / from near Rosthwaite" printed at bottom:- "Borrowdale Fells. / Helvellyn. / Eagle Crag. / Stonethwaite. / Stonethwaite Fells. / Glaramara." item:- Armitt Library : A1067.9 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	outline view:- Tattersall 1836 placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, engraving, Borrowdale, from near Rosthwaite, Cumberland, drawn by George Tattersall, engraved by W F Topham, published by Sherwood and Co, Paternoster Row, London, about 1836. click to enlarge TAT125.jpg The print is captioned with mountain names and acts as an outline view. Tipped in opposite p.72 of The Lakes of England, by George Tattersall. printed at bottom:- "BORROWDALE. / from near Rosthwaite." printed at bottom left to right:- "Borrowdale Fells. / Helvellyn. / Eagle Crag. / Stonethwaite. / Stonethwaite Fells. / Glaramara." item:- Armitt Library : A1204.26 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Rose 1832-35 (vol.1 no.64) placename:- Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, Rossthwaite, Borrowdale, from the Road to Watenlath, Cumberland, drawn by Thomas Allom, engraved by R Sands, published by Fisher, Son and Co, London, 1833. click to enlarge PR0025.jpg vol.1 pl.64 in the set of prints, Westmorland, Cumberland, Durham and Northumberland Illustrated. printed at bottom left, right, centre:- "T. Allom. / R. Sands. / ROSSTHWAITE, BORROWDALE, FROM THE ROAD TO WATENLATH. / FISHER, SON &CO. LONDON, 1833." item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.25 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print:- Britton and Brayley 1802 placename:- Burrowdale
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, Burrowdale, from Bowdar Stone, Cumberland, drawn by A Wilson, engraved by Hay, published by Vernor and Hood, Poultry, London, 1800s. click to enlarge PR0140.jpg Included in the Beauties of England and Wales, by John Britton and Edward W Brayley. printed at bottom left, right, centre:- "Engrav'd by Hay from a Drawing by A. Wilson / for the Beauties of England and Wales. / BURROWDALE, / From Bowdar Stone, / Cumberland. / [London. Publish'd by Vernor &Hood. Poultry, ]" item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.140 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old print with text:- Farington 1789 (plate 2) placename:- Gorge of Borrowdale
source data:-	Print, engraving, The Grange in Borrowdale, painted by Joseph Farington, engraved by W Byrne and T Medland, published by W Byrne, 79 Titchfield Street, London, 1784. click to enlarge BMZ90.jpg Plate 2 from Views of the Lakes, &c, in Cumberland and Westmorland, published 1789; with descriptive text:- "THE GRANGE IN BORROWDALE. ... In this spot is formed by the impending Mountains what Mr. Gray calls 'THE GORGE OF BORROWDALE.' ..." item:- Dove Cottage : Lowther.54 Image © see bottom of page

	BOK83.jpg From Rigghead. (taken 19.1.2008) BPQ03.jpg The jaws of Borrowdale from down the lake. (taken 24.8.2008) BRP04.jpg The jaws of Borrowdale from down the lake. (taken 23.9.2009) CGA71.jpg The jaws of Borrowdale from Peace How. (taken 7.5.2017) BLT88.jpg From Lowcrag Wood. (taken 3.4.2006) BWT31.jpg From near Barf. (taken 13.6.2012)

hearsay:-	The Herries Chronicle, a saga of a lakeland family by Sir Hugh Walpople is set in the Borrowdale area. The novels are: Rogue Herries, 1930; Judith Paris, 1931; The Fortess, 1932; and Vanessa, 1933.

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