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Gentleman's Magazine 1825 part 1 p.411
ANTIENT STATE AND REMAINS.
British Inhabitants, Brigantes, Voluntii and
[Sistontii].
Roman Province, Maxima Caesariensis. Stations,
Alone, Ambleside; Brovonacis, Brough; Brovacum, Brougham;
Concangium, Natland; Gallacum, Kendal; Voreda, Whelp Castle.
Saxton Octarchy, Northumbria.
Antiquities. British Earthwork, Penhurrock.
British Encampments: Milbourne and Haderwain.
Druidical Remains of Ellerbeck (called Cock Stones);
Helston-cop-stone, and the Druid's cross; Mayborough;
Moord[yvv]ock Oddendale, (exactly half the size of
Stonehenge); near Pooley, (called the White Raise); near
Rothay Bridge, and near Shap (called the Druid's temple).
Roman Encampments of Castle-hows, Borrowdale;
Castle-steads and Coney beds (exploratory camps to Water
Crook); between Crackenthorpe and Crossfell are several (one
300 yards long and 150 broad); Haderwain (opposite the
British Encampment); Maiden-castle, Sandford,[ ];
Water-crook (supposed a Station). Roman Temple at
Levins (supposed of Diana). Saxon Earthwork,
Castle-how or Castle-law-hill. Danish Remains at Shap
called Carl-lofts (a most stupendous monument of antiquity).
[ ] There are Camps on the banks of the Eden,
opposite Pendragon-castle; and at Kendal (semi-circular).
Abbeys of Preston Patrick (founded in 1119 by Thomas,
son of Gospatric, removed to Shap); Shap (removed from
Preston Patrick a few years after 1119). Priory of
Battleburgh (founded in 1281 by the Lords Clifford, Percy
and V[ ]cy). Churches old Asby (an antient edifice,
much diminished by repairs); Askham (enumerated by
Grose among the remarkable edifices of the county); Barton;
Brough; Crosby Ravensworth (founded by Torphin de
Alverstain, temp. Hen. I.exhibited curious specimens of
architecture); Kendal; Kirbyshore (very antient); Kirkby
Lonsdale (120 feet long and 102 broad); Kirkby Stephen;
Sisergh (in ruins). Chapels of Appleby (in ruins in
1482, afterwards converted into the county gaol);
Applethwaite, on St. Catharine's brow (converted into a
dwelling-house); Asby; Betham; Brougham; Burneshead;
Crackenthorpe; Crosthwaite; Grasmere; KENDAL, in
Chapel-lane, another on Chapel-hill; Kentmere; Kirkbergh,
near Newbiggen; Patterdale (dedicated to St. Patrick);
Reagill; Sandford (had one on 1353); Skelsmergh; Smardale
(destroyed for several centuries); Stainton (founded temp.
Ric. I. by Anselm de Furness, son of first Michael le
Fleming); Stavely (handsome steeple); Temple Sowerby; St.
Mary Holme, on an island in Winandermere; Wyth; (stood
between King's Meaburn and Morland). Stone Pulpit at
Brough.
Castles of APPLEBY (of great antiquity); Betham;
Borrowdale (in ruins); Brough (built before temp. Wm. I.);
Brougham (Keep supposed Roman by Grose); Buley (belonged to
the Viteriponts and Bps. of Carlisle); Hartley (scarce a
vestige remains); Haverback; Howgill; KENDAL (erected on the
site of some Roman fort); Maiden; Pendragon, at Mallerstang
(erection attributed to Utter Pendragon, the fabled builder
of Stonehenge); Warcross; and Whelp, Kirbythore.
Mansions of old Calgarth-hall, Kentmere-hall,
Preston-hall (a farm-house); Rosgill-hall (now a farm-house,
but the remains shew its former importance); Rydall Old-hall
(in ruins); Sizergh-hall (the seat of the Stricklands).
Caves, Coop-Karnel-hole, &c. at Stenkrith Bridge;
Pate-hole ( a remarkable cavern in a lime-stone rock, two
furlongs South of Great Asby).
PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE.
Rivers. Barrow; Bertha or Bela; Eamont; Eden;
Helle-beck; Hunna; Kent; Lowther; Lune or Lon; Lyvennate;
Mint; Rowtha; Sleddale; Sprit; Tees; Winster (the boundary
between Westmoreland and Lancashire).
Inland Navigation. Wigan and Kendal Canal.
Lakes. Ais-water; Angle-tarn *, about 5 acres
of water; Broadwater; Elterwater, larger than Grasmere;
Grassmere, four miles in compass; Grisedale-tarn;
Hause-water, three miles long; Kent-mere, small, fed by the
river
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