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start of Cumberland |
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Page 194:-
[Wil]ton, and Strickland 1419. Here were an house of Grey
and another of Black friars [x]. and an hospital of St.
Nicholas, of royal foundation, for 13 lepers before 22
Edward I. [y] and here is now another mean parish church,
dedicated to St. Cuthbert, with an altar-monment of the
Dentons of the 15th century.
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placename, Carlisle
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The first half of Caerleol signifying a city, the
other may have some resemblance to Luguvallium, softened
into Luol, Leol, and then into Leel, mistaken for the French
termination L'isle [z]. Dr. Gale [a] derives it from
Lle an army, and Gual the wall, as Lugdunum
from Llu and dun a hill., for Tacitus [b] says
that the Lyonnois call themselves a Roman colony and part
of the army. Lugo Augusti in Mela is Turris Agusti [c].
As to Ptolemy's
Λενκοπιξια
it is Whithern in Galloway. The Saxon Chronicle [d]
says that Rufus, after placing a garrison here, returned
into the south, and sent hither [myccle maenige Eyrhrcen
folces mid thisane & othre thaerto thunigene that land
to thane - Anglo Saxon = sent many men and their women and
livestock there to settle and till the land?], which bishop
Gibson in his edition of the Chonicle, had translated a
great multitude of English, but in his Camden proposes
reading [Lyrhrcen - Anglo Saxon], q.d. Husbandmen, as
better agreeing with the tillage there mentioned, and
all the records ascribe the first improvement of the country
to this colony.
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Pl.XI. fig.1.
Pl.XI. fig.2.
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The first inscription given here by Mr. Camden is now built
up in the back wall of the house at Drawdikes, and was
originally brought from Stanwicks. Horsley's copy [e] is
most correct, and reads in the 3d line Augustiani a
name frequent in Gruter, and in the 5th Aelia Ammilla
Lusima. It appears to be of the lower empire, though
k for l is common on inscriptions older than
any in Britain [f]. The armed horseman is not now on the
stone. The other fine and beautiful inscription is in the
garden at Naworth [g].
The copper crescent P.XI. fig.3, 4. was found 1728 in
digging a cellar over against the Bush inn in this city, and
communicated to Mr. Horsley by Mr. Richard Goodman of that
place, who supposed it an ornament or symbol of Isis or a
fibula. Mr. Gale explained it to be a part of horse
trappings hung at the horse's breast by the ring, and a
pendant fixed to it from the hole in the shank [h].
Andrew de Harcla created earl of Carlisle 15 Edward II.
being intoxicated with his sudden elevation, and, out of
pique to the Spensers, caballing with the Scots, was
executed next year [i]. The title was revived 1362 in the
person of Charles great grandson of lord William Howard 3d
son of Thomas duke of Norfolk, who by marriage with the
heiress of Dacre became possessed of Naworth castle [k]. He
died 1686, and was buried at Graystock. He was succeeded by
his son Edward, buried at Wickham; he 1692 by his son
Charles; he 1738 by his son Henry, and he by his only son
Frederick 5th and present earl. The two last earls are
buried at Castle Howard in Yorkshire, where Charles the 3d
built a noble house and mausoleum, of which see before,
p.84.
Carlisle was burned by the Scots in the reign of Henry III.
and twice by accident in that of Edward I. A parliament met
here 31 Edward I. and what great things they did in opposing
the papal extortions, furthering the expedition against
Scotland, concluding the marriage of prince Edward with a
daughter of France, and other public transactions, our
historians abundantly inform us. Edward I. continued here
from January to June, when he set out on his expedition
against Scotland, and died at Burgh on Sands. Robert Bruce
burned this city 9 Edward II. and its earl Andrew de Harcla
joining with Bruce was arrested in the castle, and hanged
here. It was miserably harrassed in the civil wars between
the houses of York and Lancaster, and in vain beseiged by
the insurgents under Aske in the reign of Henry VIII. That
king is said to have built the citadel, which was repaired
by Elizabeth. In 1597 here died of the plague 1196 persons.
The city was surrendered to Lesley and the parliament forces
after a severe seige, during which 3s. pieces were coined
out of the plate of the inhabitants. In 1745 its weak
garrison and defenceless state occasioned it to be
surrendered to the rebels, by whom it was soon after given
up. Great and ample privileges have been granted to this
city by our several princes. It is now governed by a mayor,
eleven aldermen, two bailiffs, two coroners, 24
common-council, and a recorder. It sends two members to
parliament, and the assizes for the county are held here by
statute 14 Henry VI. The see was founded by Henry I. a.r.
23. as the priory by him soon after his accession. Philip
and Mary granted to the bishop the advowson and collation of
all the four prebends. Here are two parish churches, St.
Cuthbert's and St. Mary's. When the steeple of the former
was rebuilt in the reign of Elizabeth there was found a
large parcel of small silver coins to the quantity of near a
Winchester bushel, called St. Cuthbert's pence, and supposed
to have been an oblation at the first building. The latter
church is the cathedral. Henry endowed the church with the
tithes of all lands broken up for cultivation within
Inglewood forest, by giving it an ivory horn. This horn, as
it is called, is two teeth of an elephant, now remaining in
the cathedral [l]. Bishop Halton petitioned Edward II. for a
piece of ground to build an house for himself and successors
within the precincts of the castle and within the city
walls. The Pope, on the king's application, appropriated the
church of Horncastle c. Lincoln, to the bishop's own use,
for a retreat and provision against the Scotch inroads [m].
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Carlisle, Bishop of
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Among the 51 bishops of the see, two are particularly
intitled to a place in this work for their distinguished
application and eminent proficiency in the subjects of it.
Bishop Nicolson, son of Joseph Nicolson, rector of Plumland
in this county, whose various writings are enumerated in Dr.
Burn's History of Cumberland [n], for which he left such
ample materials in three volumes folio, and one in octavo;
the former bequeathed by him to the dean and chapter, the
latter to his nephew Joseph Nicolson of Hawksdale, esq; Dr.
Burn's coadjutor in his publication: Bishop Lyttelton, whose
attention to the interests of antiquarian science while he
was president of the Society of Antiquities found so faith-
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[x]
Tan. 78.
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[y]
Ib. 77.
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[z]
Horsl. 409.
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[a]
Anton. p.37. MS. n.
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[b]
Hist. I.
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[c]
See Simler's Antoninus, p.281.
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[d]
P. 108.
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[e]
Cumb. xxxix.
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[f]
Horsl. 265.
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[g]
Cumb. xxiv. Horsl. 258. Dr. Gale saw it at general
Stanwic's. MS. Ant.
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[h]
MS. letter among Mr. Allan's.
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[i]
Dugd. Bar. II. 97.
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[k]
Dugd. Bar. II. 281.
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[l]
Archaeol. I. 168.
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[m]
Burn, II. 228-310.
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[n]
Burn, I. 120.
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ful
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gazetteer links
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-- Carlisle Cathedral
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-- "Carlisle" -- Carlisle
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-- (hospital, Carlisle)
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-- St Cuthbert's Church
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