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Page 5:-
and castle continued till the death of Anne Countess Dowager
of Pembroke and Montgomery; her daughter Margaret being
married to John Lord Tufton, brought the estate into the
family of the present Earl of Thanet. After the death of
Earl Thomas, his successor, Sackville Tufton, had a quarrel
with his tenants abut their fines, upon which a trial at bar
by a special jury was directed in the year 1739; during the
trial, eleven witnesses were produced whose ages together
amounted to a thousand years. A rare and pleasing instance
of longevity; owing, no doubt, to the constant temperance,
pure air, and healthful exercise in which our Cumbrian
mountaineers uniformly live.
This Castle hath varied its strength and beauty almost as
much as its possessors; for after the death of John
Veteripont it went almost to ruin, his son Robert being a
minor and in ward to the Prior of Carlisle. It was
afterwards repaired by Roger de Clifford; and when King
James the I. returned in the year 1617 from his last
progress into Scotland, he was entertained at this Castle by
Francis Earl of Cumberland. During the civil wars it was
again demolished; but was repaired in the year 1671 by Anne
Countess of Pembroke, who built a garden-wall on the
South-East side of the building, as appears by a stone over
the garden-door. The garden was afterwards planted with
wood; and the stone, lead, and timber of this venerable
edifice sold for L.100 to Mr John Monkhouse and Mr
Adderton, two Attorneys [two Gentlemen] in Penrith, who
afterwards sold them in public sales, and the first sale was
upon the same day that his Majesty George the I. was
crowned: the old wainscotting being chiefly purchased by the
neighbouring villagers, many curious pieces of carved work
are yet to be seen in their houses.
The estate was then almost wholly neglected, no one residing
upon it but a hind, who took in cattle by * stint: he
afterwards farmed it, together with Whinfield-Park, for
L.40 per annum, and possessed it till the year
1767. The whole demesne was then a barren heath, stocked
with vast numbers of rabbits, and a few deer; these supplied
the farmer and his family almost entirely with food: during
the Summer they ate venison, and during the Winter they ate
the rabbits.
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Whinfield Park
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Since the year 1767 Whinfield-Park has been divided into
farms, and these again subdivided; the rabbits destroyed,
and the deer circumscribed in narrower bounds; by which
means the red deer are much diminished in number. Thus we
see a spot of ground, formerly a barren heath, now become
rich fruitful land; and what twenty years ago was not worth
more than forty pounds a year †, now cheaply let for
upwards of a thousand, and to add to its advantages, all
tythe-free. This immunity was obtained in the year 1775,
when as the act obtained for dividing Brougham Moor
empowered the Commissioners at the same time to allot to the
Rector certain lands in lieu of the tythes both of the new
and old inclosures.
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Hospital Estate
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Next to this lyes an estate called the Hospital, having been
given by the Countess of Pembroke to her Hospital of St
Nicholas at Appleby; the house stands on the left-hand side
of the road, with a lane leading from it, and adjoining to
this the Vicarage house.
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Carleton Hall
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A little before we arrive at Brougham Hall is a beautiful
view towards the North-East, where is a fine fertile valley
almost surrounded by water. This peninsula consisted, till
lately, of several small tenements, which were purchased by
the late Attorney-General James Wallace, Esq; two small
inclosures excepted, one of which is the property of the
Earl of Lonsdale, and the other of Mr Richard Hall. It may
not be amiss here
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to
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* Stint signifies, that the cattle taken into any
particular spot of ground shall not exceed a certain number.
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† The farmer at Brougham Castle had L.100
per annum added to his rent, and lost Whinfield-Park,
yet his farm was cheaper than before; for a strong spirit of
industry had much lessened the value of money, whilst the
encouragement given to agriculture had at the same time much
increased the value of land.
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erratum from p.194
for two Attornies, read two Gentlemen.
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gazetteer links
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-- "Brougham Castle" -- (Brougham Castle, Brougham
(CL13inc)2)
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-- "Hospital Estate" -- Pembroke House
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-- "Whinfield Park" -- Whinfell Park
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