Whittaker 1821
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| Notes from Whittaker's Road Map of Westmoreland, 1821 | ||
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These notes are taken from a road map, Westmoreland, scale
about 9 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Neele and Son, 352
Strand, published in The Travellers Pocket Atlas Consisting
of A Complete Set of County Maps, For England and Wales, by
G and W B Whittaker, Ave Maria Lane, London, 1821-23.
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The map is a hand coloured engraving. Its size is: wxh,
sheet = 19x14.5cm; wxh, map = 159x128mm.
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| Map Features | ||
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title
plain cartouche engraver publisher |
Printed in a shaded plain cartouche, lower right:-
WESTMORELAND Printed at the bottom, right and centre:- Neele & Son sculpt. 352 Strand. / Published by G. & W. B. Whittaker, Ave-Maria Lane, 1821. |
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| table of symbols |
Printed lower left is an:-
EXPLANATION. County Town as ... Appleby Market Towns ... Kendall Villages ... Bampton [italic] Gentlemens Seats ... [outline with fence palings] Mail Coach Roads ... [double line, feathered] Turnpike Roads ... [double line] Canals ... [bold line] |
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orientation
compass rose up is N |
Printed lower left is a compass rose; star points for cardinal and half cardinal directions, North marked by a spear point. The map is printed with North at the top. |
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scale line
scale |
Printed lower left is a:-
Scale of Statute Miles. chequered in miles to 5 then in 5 mile intervals. The 10 miles = 29.0 mm gives a scale 1 to 554946. The map scale is about:- 1 to 550000 9 miles to 1 inch |
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coast line
coast form lines |
The small length of coast in the Kent Estuary is emphasized by form lines. |
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rivers
bridges |
Rivers are drawn by a wiggly line tapering upstream. Some rivers are labelled, eg:- Emont R. River Kent Bridges are implied where a road crosses and interrupts a stream. None is labelled. |
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| lakes |
Lakes are drawn by an outline with form lines. Some lakes are labelled:- Hawes Water Ulles Water Winander Mere Other lakes might be recognized, eg:- Brothers Water Grasmere lake Loughrigg Tarn Rydal Water |
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| forests |
Some forest areas are labelled, eg:-
Stainmoor Forest Milbourn Forest |
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| parks |
Parks are drawn by ban outline of fence palings, the
interior pecked. Some parks are labelled, eg:-
Levens Pa Trogtbeck Park |
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| county |
The county boundary is a dotted or dashed line, irregularly engraved, not continued along a boundary feature like a river. The boundary is emphasized by a tint on the inner side of each county, ie including the adjacent counties: Westmorland blue, Lancashire pink, Cumberland green, Durham pink, Yorkshire yellow; there is no significance in the choice of colours. The blue tint for Westmorland is continued as a pale wash over the whole county area. Adjacent counties are labelled, eg:- CUMBERLAND |
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| settlements |
Settlements are marked by a circle, differentiated by
style of labelling.
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towns
distances from London |
circle; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:-
Ambleside / 272 Appleby / 263 The figures are the distance from London. According to the table of symbols the county town and other market towns are differentiated, but there is no difference. |
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villages
hamlets |
circle; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:-
Thrimby Milthorp Shap Crosby Garret Marked by blocks is:- Little London [Stockdale, Longsleddale] Places are mostly those on roads; the last example is probably included for this reason, and is incorrectly shown on the road. |
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roads
road distances post roads turnpike roads |
Roads are drawn by a double line. The post roads, 'Mail Coach Roads', have a fringe each side and are tinted red. The other roads are all declared as turnpike roads, but as they include the road and track up Longsleddale and over Gatescarth Pass I doubt that this is trustworthy. A number of roads have distances given at two mile intervals; perhaps these are the turnpike roads. Roads crossing the county boundary might be continued, with distances, to a destination town, or might be labelled with a destination. For example, the two post roads:- from the south, Lancashire; through Burton in Kendal, Kendall, Shap, Westmorland; over the Emont River , then Penrith, Cumberland, labelled:- The Gt. North Road from Carlisle from Eamont Bridge village, south of the river, through Appleby, Brough, Westmorland; cross the boundary at Maiden Castle, labelled:- to Bowes, Greta Br. & Catterick the London Road |
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| canals |
The one canal is drawn by a bold line, labelled:-
Lancaster Can |
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