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back to object record
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Smith 1824
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William Smith visited Westmorland and Cumberland in 1821,
and met Jonathan Otley. He was just out of debtor's prison,
and still not accepted by the geological establishment, and,
perhaps understandably, is said to have been not very
friendly. The two men did basically agree in their ideas.
William Smith published a series of county maps from
1819-24, less than half the counties of England being dealt
with. Westmorland was published 1824, on John Cary's map of
the county. An example is in the British Library, item
BL:Maps 5610(1).
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This map does not have a stratigraphical column as a key to
its coloured areas, but a series of colour patches round the
outside of the map, with descriptive notes; down the left
side of the map:-
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[colour] 31 Metalliferous Limestone in lofty Scars
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[colour] 33 Schistous Rocks separating the Red Sandstone
from the Limestone range by the Pikes of Knock Dufton and
Murton. Appearance of Felspar Porphyry near Dufton Pike.
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[colour] Red Sandstone & Marl in the Vale of Eden
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[colour] Shale, Grits and thin Coal
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[colour] 31 Metalliferous Limestone in bold Scars
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[colour] Red Sandstone of Shap Wells at Dacre full of
Pebbles
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[colour] 34 Porphyritic Granite of Shap fell, Red felspar
Porphyry of Hause hill
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[colour] 33 High Mountain tract of Schist, Hornstone
argillaceous Porphyry and amygdaloidal rocks. Contains Lead
& Copper Ore. Slate Quarries marked thus [diamond]
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Thin beds of Limestone alternating with Schist and
containing Madreporoe and Producti
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[colour] 33 Schistous Rocks of nearly uniform composition
forming Hills of inferior altitude producing dark Slate in
Kentmere. Slate Quarries marked thus [diamond]
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[colour] 31 Metalliferous Limestone
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Down the right side of the map:-
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[colour] Basalt or Great Whin Sill, in high Crags at Caldron
Snout, broad floors in Maize beck and Scars on the western
escarpment near Hilton and Dufton
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[colour] Coal, Coarse Grit, Shale & Grit - Alternations
above the Limestone consisting of Shale, Gritrocks a thin
Limestone and bad seams of Coal
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[colour] Red Conglomerate with pebbles of Sandy Schist as at
Kirkby Lonsdale
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Shale, Grit, lime & thin Coal over the Limestone
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[colour] Shale, Grit, and thin Limestone over the great
Limestone rocks
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William Smith depended greatly on fossils to understand the
relationships of rocks. He commented that lakeland rocks
were:-
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... destitute of those organic remains which enable us to
trace the beds which refer to one rock from another ...
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The rocks make the problem:-
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... almost a separate branch of geology dependent on
mineralogy and crystallography ...
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