Harrison 1790

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		MAP FEATURES
	title cartouche plain cartouche	Printed upper left in a plain cartouche:- A MAP OF CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND, ENGRAVED FROM AN ACTUAL SURVEY with Improvements. Printed bottom, left, right, centre:- Haywood del. / Sudlow Sculp. / London, Engraved for J. Harrison, 115, Newgate Street, as the Act directs, 13, Jany. 1790.
	orientation compass rose up is N	Printed upper right, orientated with the latitude longitude grid is a compass rose; shaded arrow points for cardinal directions, lines for half cardinal directions, North marked by a fleur de lys spear point. The map is printed with North at the top of the sheet.
	scale line scale	Printed lower left is a scale of:- English Statute Miles 69 1/2 to a Degree. chequered in miles to 5, then in 5 mile intervals; marked at 5 mile intervals. The scale line of 20 miles = 86.0 mm, giving a scale 1 to 374266, the map scale is about:- 1 to 3700000 6 miles to 1 inch
	lat and long scales lat and long grid	Printed in the map borders are scales of latitude and longitude for a trapezoidal projection; chequered in minutes, marked at 10 minutes intervals. The map has a latitude and longitude grid, a graticule, at 10x10 minutes. The map includes from 2d 0m to 3d 45m W, from 53d 57m to 55d 26m N; the whole of Cumberland and Westmorland. Measuring from the scales the:- longitude, Kendal: 2d 51m W implying a prime meridian 6 minutes E of Greenwich - if it is assumed there are no errors.
	sea area sea plain	The sea area is plain. Some sea areas are labelled, eg:- IRISH SEA Solway Frith or Eden R.
	coast line coast form lines headlands	The coast line is emphasized by form lines. One headland is noticed:- St. Bees Hd.
	rivers bridges	Rivers are drawn by a wiggly line tapering upstream. A larger estuary has form lines, and the lower part of large rivers might be a double line with ?stream lines. A few rivers are labelled, eg:- Leven R. [River Lyne not the Leven] Belo R. [River Belah] Large rivers are not particularly noticed in the labelling. Bridges are not much noticed, though they might be implied by a road crossing and interrupting a stream. A bridge, might, rarely, be labelled, eg:- Pesa Bridge Levensbridge Near the River Kent, near Levens, is:- Waterfall but it is not clear which fall in this area is meant.
	lakes	Lakes are drawn in outline, the shore line emphasized by form lines. The following lakes are labelled:- Broad Water [Ennerdale Water] Broad Water [Hawes Water] Coniston Mere Darwent Water Devock Lake Ulles Water Wiborn Water [Thirlmere] Winander Mere The following might be recognized, making allowances for poor outlines:- Bassenthwaite Lake Brothers Water Burnmoor Tarn [perhaps, but shown S of Hard Knott] Buttermere lake Crummock Water Easedale Tarn (?) Grasmere lake Hayes Water Loweswater lake Rydal Water Wast Water Besides unreliable outlines, the connectivity of lakes and rivers should not be relied upon.
	relief hill hachuring	There is some suggestion of relief by hill hachuring. It appears to be mostly imagination. A few hills are labelled, eg:- Dent Hill [by Egremont] Darwent Fell Mountains Helvillon H. Wry Nose Hd. Overall, there is no reliable representation or suggestion of the shape of the Lakes mountains.
	woods forests	Woodland is indicated by groups of tree and bush symbols. Some forests, and a wood, are labelled, eg:- Mollerstang Forest Stainmore Forest Fawsett Wood Forests are shown densely wooded; mostly they aren't.
	parks	Parks are drawn in outline, with fence palings, the interior with small tree or bush symbols. Some parks are labelled, eg:- Cunswick P. Barton Park and some others might be recognized.
	county	County boundaries are a dashed line, with a tint. The tints belong to both county and ward boundaries are a confusion of colours. While the whole county boundaries have not been checked it is worth noting that Windermere lake is excluded from Westmorland, placed in Lancashire; and the Cumberland Westmorland boundary is drawn along the shore of Ullswater instead of down the middle. The county areas are labelled:- WESTMORELAND CUMBERLAND and parts of adjoining counties are labelled, eg:- LANCASHIRE in the same lettering but unshaded. There are some features on the county boundaries. Labelled, but not drawn at the meet of Westmorland, Yorkshire and Lancashire is the:- County Stone Not marked, near the Lancashire border and the Lancaster Kendal road is the:- Birkstone A series of crags drawn and labelled on the north east boundary are:- Christinburg Cragg Gel Cragg Lancaster Cragg Three standing stones are drawn and labelled at the meet of Westmorland, Cumberland, and Lancashire:- 3 Shire Stones upon Wry Nose Hd.
	wards table of wards	The ward (hundred) boundaries are a fine dotted line, tinted red, but the tinting shares its function with county boundaries, and is confusing. The ward areas are labelled with a number which keys to a:- Reference to the Wards ... WESTMORELAND 6 West ... Ward 7 East ... Ward ...
	settlements	Settlements are marked by a block, blocks or groups of blocks, differentiated by style of labelling.
	cities	groups of blocks along roads; labelled in upright block caps, eg:- CARLISLE The layout is not a reliable street plan.
	towns	blocks or groups of blocks; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:- Appleby Cockermouth The latter is the de jure county town of Westmorland, but the de facto county town is labelled in upright block caps:- KENDAL
	villages   hamlets	a block; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Shape [Shap] Gt. Orton Mosedale L. Musgrave
	castles   houses	Blocks are used to mark all sorts of features including castles and houses, which might then be labelled, eg:- Pendragon Castle Drumborough Cast. Dalton H. Or the label might be placed without any marker.
	roads	A network of roads is drawn by double lines, broader or narrower; the broad having light bold lines. The general quality of the mapping does not encourage the use of time in analysis of the routes shown. Roads are not joined up across Lancashire north of the sands to the SW part of Cumberland. The Lancaster Kendal route is drawn through Burton; the alternative through Milnthorpe is drawn from near Farleton, not from a junction near the county boundary. An alternative route for Kendal to Shap is drawn as a major road through Longsleddale, over Gatescarth Pass, through Bampton to Askham, where it stops.
	miscellaneous
	antiquities earthworks	Labelled S of the river near Penrith is:- K. Arthurs Round T.
	antiquities roman wall	Hadrian's Wall is drawn by a double line with upright ?fence lines, from Bowness-on-Solway, through Carlisle, then eastwards into Northumberland, labelled:- Picts Wall Demolished
	antiquities roman road	The:- Maiden Way is drawn by a double line from near Gilsland to cross the county boundary W of Christianbury Crag.
	stones	The Three Shire Stones, County Stone, and:- Dunmail Raise Stones are labelled. And there is a label for a:- Stone Heap by the Orton road off the Kendal Shap road.
	mines lead mines	Five spots mark:- Lead Mines on the fell NW of Brough.
	mines black lead mines	SW of Keswick is:- Black Ld Mines marked by three spots.
	religious houses	Labelled S of Knipe, E of Shap, is:- Abby for Shap Abbey
	spas	There is a label for:- Grisland Spaw ie Gilsland Spa.
	mosses	Two mosses are noticed. N of Aldby is:- Peat Moss and N of Penrith:- The Moss and partly covered with bushes is:- Sollome Moss
		Problems
	Notice the relative positions of Longtown, Netherby and Arthuret, from N to S in that order. Netherby is N of Longtown.
	Notice the placename:-
	Runny
	for Nunnery.
	Both these errors occur on other maps and might be a clue to who was copied to make this map, which doesn't seem to have been actually surveyed, or improved.

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