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Eskdale
Eshd'l
Eshdel
site name:-   Esk, River (2)
civil parish:-   Eskdale (formerly Cumberland)
county:-   Cumbria
locality type:-   valley
locality type:-   locality
coordinates:-   NY18130029 (etc etc) 
1Km square:-   NY1800
10Km square:-   NY10
10Km square:-   SD19

photograph
BYL71.jpg  From Hardknott roman fort.
(taken 4.6.2013)  
photograph
BVM43.jpg (taken 7.10.2010)  
evidence:-   old map:- Saxton 1579
placename:-  Eskedale
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorlandiae et Cumberlandiae Comitatus ie Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 5 miles to 1 inch, by Christopher Saxton, London, engraved by Augustinus Ryther, 1576, published 1579-1645.
image
Sax9NY10.jpg
Church, symbol for a parish or village, with a parish church.  "Eskedale"
item:-  private collection : 2
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Mercator 1595 (edn?) 
placename:-  Eskedale
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Northumbria, Cumberlandia, et Dunelmensis Episcopatus, ie Northumberland, Cumberland and Durham etc, scale about 6.5 miles to 1 inch, by Gerard Mercator, Duisberg, Germany, about 1595.
image
MER8CumE.jpg
"Eskedale"
circle 
item:-  JandMN : 169
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Speed 1611 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Eskdale
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland and the Ancient Citie Carlile Described, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, 1610, published by J Sudbury and George Humble, Popes Head Alley, London, 1611-12.
image
SP11SD29.jpg
"Eskdale"
circle, building, tower 
item:-  private collection : 16
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Drayton 1612/1622
placename:-  Eskedale
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberlande and Westmorlande, by Michael Drayton, probably engraved by William Hole, scale about 4 or 5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Mariott, John Grismand, and Thomas Dewe, London, 1622.
image
DRY521.jpg
"Eskedale"
Lady sitting. 
item:-  JandMN : 168
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   table of distances:- Simons 1635
placename:-  Eskedale
source data:-   Table of distances, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, with a thumbnail map, scale about 41 miles to 1 inch, by Mathew Simons, published in A Direction for the English Traviller, 1635.
image  click to enlarge
SIM4.jpg
"Eskedale S"
and tabulated distances 
item:-  private collection : 50.11
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Seller 1694 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Eskdale
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 12 miles to 1 inch, by John Seller, 1694.
image  click to enlarge
SEL9.jpg
"Eskdale"
circle, italic lowercase text; settlement or house 
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.89
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Badeslade 1742
placename:-  Eskdale
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, A Map of Cumberland North from London, scale about 11 miles to 1 inch, with descriptive text, by Thomas Badeslade, London, engraved and published by William Henry Toms, Union Court, Holborn, London, 1742.
image  click to enlarge
BD10.jpg
"Eskdale"
circle, italic lowercase text; village, hamlet or locality 
item:-  JandMN : 115
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Bowen and Kitchin 1760
placename:-  Eskdale
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, A New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland Divided into their Respective Wards, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin et al, published by T Bowles, Robert Sayer, and John Bowles, London, 1760.
image
BO18SD19.jpg
"Eskdale"
circle, tower 
item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.10
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Eskdale
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774.
image
D4NY20SW.jpg
image
D4SD19NE.jpg
"ESKDALE"
valley, between hachures 
item:-  Carlisle Library : Map 2
Images © Carlisle Library
evidence:-   old map:- West 1784 map
placename:-  Eskdale
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, A Map of the Lakes in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Paas, 53 Holborn, London, about 1784.
image
Ws02SD19.jpg
item:-  Armitt Library : A1221.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Cooke 1802
placename:-  Eskdale
source data:-   Map, The Lakes, Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 8.5 miles to 1 inch, engravedby Neele and Son, published by Sherwood, Jones and Co, Paternoster Road, London, 1824.
image  click to enlarge
GRA1Lk.jpg
"Eskdale"
blocks, italic lowercase text, village, hamlet, locality 
item:-  Hampshire Museums : FA2000.62.5
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Cooper 1808
placename:-  Eskdale
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 10.5 miles to 1 inch, drawn and engraved by Cooper, published by R Phillips, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, 1808.
image  click to enlarge
COP3.jpg
"Eskdale"
circle; village or hamlet 
item:-  JandMN : 86
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old print with text:- Farington 1816
placename:-  Eskdale
source data:-   Print, uncoloured engraving and descriptive text, Muncaster Castle and Eskdale, Cumberland, drawn by Joseph Farington, engraved by John Pye, published by T Cadell and W Davies, Strand, London, 1815.
image  click to enlarge
FA0408.jpg
printed, bottom left, right, centre  "Drawn by J. Farington R.A. / Engraved by John Pye. / Muncaster Castle and Eskdale. / London Published Septr. 15, 1815, by T. Cadell &W. Davies, Strand."
Descriptive text:-  "VIEW OF MUNCASTER CASTLE."
"... Muncaster Castle, ... stands on an eminence, nearly surrounded by beautiful plantations, and commanding in front a fine view of the Vale of Esk, flanked on each side, and terminated in front, by the wildest mountain scenery. ..."
"The River Esk, which gives its name to Esk-dale, is formed by some small streams which rise near Bow-fell; it falls into the sea at Ravenglass, after a course of about thirteen miles."
item:-  Armitt Library : A6666.8
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Otley 1818
placename:-  Eskdale
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, The District of the Lakes, Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Jonathan Otley, 1818, engraved by J and G Menzies, Edinburgh, Scotland, published by Jonathan Otley, Keswick, Cumberland, et al, 1833.
image
OT02NY10.jpg
"ESKDALE"
item:-  JandMN : 48.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   descriptive text:- Otley 1823 (5th edn 1834) 
item:-  geology
source data:-   Guide book, A Concise Description of the English Lakes, the mountains in their vicinity, and the roads by which they may be visited, with remarks on the mineralogy and geology of the district, by Jonathan Otley, published by the author, Keswick, Cumberland now Cumbria, by J Richardson, London, and by Arthur Foster, Kirkby Lonsdale, Cumbria, 1823; published 1823-49, latterly as the Descriptive Guide to the English Lakes.
image OT01P155, button  goto source
Page 155:-  "The SECOND division [of slate rocks] comprehends the mountains of Eskdale, Wasdale, Ennerdale, Borrowdale, Langdale, Grasmere, Patterdale, Martindale, Mardale, and some adjacent places; including the two highest mountains of the district, Scawfell and Helvellyn, as well as the Old Man at Coniston. All our fine towering crags belong to it; and most of the cascades among the lakes fall over it. There are indeed some lofty precipices in the former division; ..."
"..."
evidence:-   descriptive text:- Ford 1839 (3rd edn 1843) 
placename:-  Eskdale
placename:-  Eshdale
source data:-   Guide book, A Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by Rev William Ford, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, by W Edwards, 12 Ave Maria Lane, Charles Tilt, Fleet Street, William Smith, 113 Fleet Street, London, by Currie and Bowman, Newcastle, by Bancks and Co, Manchester, by Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, and by Sinclair, Dumfries, 1839.
image FD01P013, button  goto source
Page 13:-  "... A mountain track from Goldrill Crag leads to"
"ESKDALE,"
"(Vulgarly Eshdale,) and the first object of interest is Birker Force, perhaps the finest cascade in Cumberland; ... On the same side of the hill, but lower down in the valley, is Stanley Gill, ... The stream of this vale passes under the woody steeps, on which stands Muncaster Castle, ..."
evidence:-   old map:- Garnett 1850s-60s H
placename:-  Eskdale
source data:-   Map of the English Lakes, in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s.
image
GAR2SD19.jpg
"Eskdale"
river valley 
item:-  JandMN : 82.1
Image © see bottom of page
 Martineau Directory 1855
evidence:-   old photograph:- Bell 1880s-1940s
source data:-   Photograph, sepia, Eskdale, Cumberland, by Herbert Bell, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1890s.
image  click to enlarge
HB0525.jpg
item:-  Armitt Library : ALPS188
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old print:- Bradley 1901
placename:-  Eskdale
source data:-   Print, uncoloured lithograph, Eskdale, Cumberland, by Joseph Pennell, published by Macmillan and Co, London, 1901.
image  click to enlarge
BRL144.jpg
On page 185 of Highways and Byways in the Lake District, by A G Bradley. 
printed at bottom:-  "Eskdale."
item:-  JandMN : 464.44
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old print:- Bradley 1901
source data:-   Print, uncoloured lithograph, Near Boot, Eskdale, Cumberland, by Joseph Pennell, published by Macmillan and Co, London, 1901.
image  click to enlarge
BRL145.jpg
On page 188 of Highways and Byways in the Lake District, by A G Bradley. 
printed at bottom:-  "Near Boot."
item:-  JandMN : 464.45
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old print:- Heaton Cooper 1905 (edn 1908) 
placename:-  Eskdale
item:-  fox hunt; fox hounds
source data:-   Print, colour halftone, A Fell Fox Hunt, Head of Eskdale and Scawfell, Eskdale, Cumberland, from a watercolour painting by Alfred Heaton Cooper, published by Adam and Charles Black, London, 2nd edn 1908.
image  click to enlarge
HC0129.jpg
Opposite p.80 of The English Lakes, painted by Alfred Heaton Cooper, described by William T Palmer. 
printed at tissue opposite the print:-  "A FELL FOX-HUNT, HEAD OF ESKDALE AND SCAWFELL"
printed at signed lower right:-  "[A HEATON COOPER]"
item:-  JandMN : 468.29
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old photograph:- Marr 1916
placename:-  Eskdale
source data:-   Photograph, halftone print, Hanging Valley, near Head of Eskdale, Cumberland, 1916.
image  click to enlarge
MA1220.jpg
item:-  JandMN : 173.28
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old photograph:- Seascale 1920s-30s
placename:-  Eskdale
source data:-   Photograph, halftone, Eskdale, Cumberland, by Alfred Pettitt, Keswick, in a guide book, Seascale for Health and Holidays, published by Edward Burrow and Son, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, 1920s-30s.
image  click to enlarge
SES104.jpg
item:-  JandMN : 1079.4
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old photograph:- Bogg 1898
source data:-   Photograph, halftone print, A Mountain Stream, Eskdale, Cumberland, by G H Rodwell, published by Edmund Bogg, 3 Woodhouse Lane, and James Miles, Guildford Street, Leeds, Yorkshire, 1898.
image  click to enlarge
BGG180.jpg
Included on p.209 of Lakeland and Ribblesdale, by Edmund Bogg. 
item:-  JandMN : 231.80
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Jenkinson 1875
placename:-  Eskdale
source data:-   Print, lithograph, outline view, Panoramic Sketches from Scawfell Pike, Cumberland, by Edwin A Pettitt, London, published by Edward Stanford, 55 Charing Cross, London, 1875.
image  click to enlarge
Jk01E3.jpg
"... Upper Eskdale ..."
item:-  JandMN : 28.9
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old drawing:- Brockbank 1870s
placename:-  Eskdale
source data:-   Drawing, ink, mammilated rocks, roche moutonnee? Eskdale, Cumberland, 1871-72? used by William Brockbank.
image  click to enlarge
PR1911.jpg
"Mammilated rocks / in Eskdale"
"Eskdale / W. Brockbank F.G.S / 6"
item:-  Armitt Library : 1959.68.6
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old print with text:- Farington 1816 (plate 26) 
placename:-  Vale of Esk
source data:-   Print, uncoloured engraving, Muncaster Castle and Eskdale, drawn by Joseph Farington, engraved by John Pye, published by T Cadell and W Davies, Strand, London, 1815.
image  click to enlarge
BNV38.jpg
Plate 26 in The Lakes of Lancashire, Westmorland and Cumberland ... with text by Thomas Hartwell Horne:-  "[Muncaster Castle] stands on an eminence, ... commanding in front a fine view of the Vale of Esk, flanked on each side, and terminated in front, by the wildest mountain scenery. ..."
item:-  private collection : 75
Image © see bottom of page

photograph
BTO15.jpg  From the top of Hardknot Pass.
(taken 24.9.2010)  
photograph
BRM61.jpg  Upper part of the valley.
(taken 14.9.2009)  
photograph
BMW36.jpg  From near the roman fort at Hardknot.
(taken 13.10.2006)  
photograph
BRM35.jpg  with Brotherilkeld in the mid ground.
(taken 14.9.2009)  
photograph
 Click to enlarge
BNT84.jpg  From the top of Hardknot Pass.
(taken 5.6.2007)  
photograph
BNT83.jpg  From the top of Hardknot Pass.
(taken 5.6.2007)  
photograph
 Click to enlarge
BYG09.jpg  Across Eskdale to Harter Fell and Ulpha Fell.
(taken 27.4.2013)  
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