Old Cumbria Gazetteer

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	placename:-	Shap Fells
	parish	Shap Rural parish, once in Westmorland
	county:-	Cumbria
		hill; fell
	coordinates:-	NY546092
	10Km square:-	NY50
	1Km square	NY5309
	source:-	Burrow 1920s
		Road strip maps with parts in Westmorland, Cumberland etc, now Cumbria, irregular scale about 1.5 miles to 1 inch, by E J Burrow and Co, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, 1920s.
		... This is some of the loneliest country in England, a rare place for deep snowdrifts even in winters that are mild elsewhere. The road climbs Shap Fell to a height of 1,400 feet, with a bog at the top and then a descent to Shap village. This district is the place of origin of those great boulders of Shap granite whose presence in widely separated parts of England affords one of the most striking evidences of the glacial epoch of the dim past. Ages before man lived in Britain great glaciers ground their incredible way across the primeval landscape, rolling along with them detached fragments of the rocky mountains whose ultimate shape they helped to fashion. Passengers up the Great North Road may see one of these boulders of Shap granite at Thirsk in North Yorkshire, sixty miles from Shap as the crow flies, and goodness knows how many more miles by the devious ways of glaciers. The name of Shap is famous in English geology. ...
	date:-	1920=1929
	period:-	1920s
	old map:-	Garnett 1850s-60s H
		Map of the English Lakes, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s.
		Shap Fells
		area
	placename:-	Shap Fells
	date:-	1850=1869
	period:-	19th century, late; 1850s; 1860s
	old map:-	Ford 1839 map
		Map of the Lake District, published in A Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by William Ford, published by Charles Thurnham, London, 1839.
		SHAP FELLS
		Hill hachuring.
	placename:-	Shap Fells
	county:-	Westmoreland
	date:-	1839
	period:-	19th century, early; 1830s
	old map:-	Ford 1839 map
		Map of the Lake District, published in A Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by William Ford, published by Charles Thurnham, London, 1839.
		SHAP FELLS
		Hill hachuring.
	placename:-	Shap Fells
	county:-	Westmoreland
	date:-	1839
	period:-	19th century, early; 1830s
	descriptive text:-	Otley 1823 (5th edn 1834)
		Guidebook, Concise Description of the English Lakes, later A Description of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, published by the author, Keswick, Cumberland, by J Richardson, London, and by Arthur Foster, Kirky Lonsdale, Cumbria, 1823 onwards.
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		Page 151:-
		... Another variety of granite with reddish felspar in large crystals, is found on Shap Fells, and may be observed in situ on the road side near Wasdale Bridge, about four miles south of Shap.
		...
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		Page 161:-
		A superincumbent bed of limestone, by some called the mountain, by others the upper transition limestone, mantles round these mountains, in a position unconformable to the strata of the slaty and other rocks upon which it reposes. It bassets out near ... Dacre, Lowther and Shap; ...
		...
		Page 163:-
		Bowlder stones are often met with, far removed from their native rock, but do not appear to have been carried over high mountain ridges. The granite blocks from Shap Fells are carried over a great part of Westmorland; but are not found in the
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		Page 164:-
		neighbourhood of the lakes. ...
	date:-	1823
	period:-	19th century, early; 1820s
	old map:-	West 1784 map
		A Map of the Lakes in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, now Cumbria, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Paas, 53 Holborn, London, included in the Guide to the Lakes by Thomas West, published by William Pennington, Kendal, Westmorland, and in London, from the 3rd edition 1784, to 1821.
		SHAPFELLS
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	placename:-	Shapfells
	county:-	Westmorland
	descriptive text:-	West 1778 (11th edn 1821)
		Guide book, A Guide to the Lakes, by Thomas West, published by William Pennington, Kendal, Cumbria once Westmorland, and in London, 1778 to 1821.
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		Page 174:-
		[Shap Fells] a dreary, melancholy tract of twelve miles [1]. ...
		[1] This elevated tract being near the centre of Westmorland, and where we may suppose its Genius is most likely to sit enthroned, it may afford the reader a seasonable amusement to peruse in this place a little ode, addressed to that imaginary being, by a late elegant bard, when on one of his visits to his native country.
		ODE
		To the Genius of Westmorland.
		Hail, hidden Power of these wild groves, / These uncouth rocks and mountains grey; / Where oft, as fades the closing day, / The family of fancy roves.
		In what lone cave, what secret cell, / Coeval with the birth of time, / Wrapt in high cares, and thought sublime, / In awful silence dost thou dwell!
		Oft in the depth of winter's reign, / As blew the dark winds o'er the dale, / Moaning along the distant gale, / Has fancy heard thy voice complain.
		Oft in the dark wood's lonely way, / Swift has she seen thee glancing by; / Or down the summer evening sky, / Sporting in clouds of gilded day.
		I caught from thee the sacred fire, / That glow'd within my youthful breast;- / Those thoughts too high to be express'd, / Genius, if thou didst once inspire.
		O! pleas'd, accept this votive lay, / That in my native shade retir'd, / And once, once more by thee inspir'd, / In gratitude I pay.
		Langhorne's Effusions of Friendship and Fancy Vol.1, Let.25. X.
	person:-	: Genius of Westmorland
	person:-	: Westmorland, Genius of
	date:-	1778
	period:-	18th century, late; 1770s
	old map:-	Jefferys 1770 (Wmd) Jefferys 1770 (Wmd)
		Map, The County of Westmoreland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, surveyed by J Ainslie and perhaps T Donald, engraved and published by Thomas Jefferys, London, 1770.
		BIRBECK FELLS
		area
		Map, The County of Westmoreland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, surveyed by J Ainslie and perhaps T Donald, engraved and published by Thomas Jefferys, London, 1770.
		SHAPP FELLS
		hill hachuring; hill or mountain
	placename:-	Birbeck Fells
	county:-	Westmorland
	date:-	1770
	period:-	18th century, late; 1770s
	descriptive text:-	Defoe 1724-26
		Travel book, Tour through England and Wales, by Daniel Defoe, published in parts, London, 1724-26.
		... this terrible aspect of the hills, when having passed Kendal, ...
	date:-	1724=1726
	period:-	18th century, early; 1720s
	old print:-	MacBride 1922
		Wild Lakeland, by MacKenzie MacBride illustrated by Alfred Heaton Cooper, published by Adam and Charles Black, London, 1922-28.
		Print, colour, Shap Abbey and Fells, by Alfred Heaton Cooper, published by Adam and Charles Black, 4-6 Soho Square, London, 2nd edn 1928.
		Tipped in opposite p.32 in Wild Lakeland by MacKenzie MacBride.
		printed at bottom:-
		SHAP ABBEY AND FELLS
		signed at lower left:-
		A. HEATON COOPER
	placename:-	Shap Fells
	date:-	1922
	period:-	1920s
	hearsay	The first sod of the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway was cut on Shap Fell, 1844.
		Great Yarlside, Shap Rural
		Grey Bull, Shap Rural
		Harrop Pike, Longsleddale
		Hause Hill, Orton S
		Little Yarlside, Shap Rural
		Oddendale Nab, Shap Rural
		Saddle Crags, Shap Rural
		Shap Pink Quarry, Shap Rural
		Sleddale Pike, Shap Rural
		To Stone, Shap Rural
		Tongue Rigg, Shap Rural
		trig point, NY5255207588
		Wasdale Crag, Shap Rural
		weather station, Orton S
		Widepot, Shap Rural
		Yarlside Crag, Shap Rural
	Old Cumbria Gazetteer - JandMN: 2013

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