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Hard Knott, Eskdale
Hard Knott
civil parish:-   Eskdale (formerly Cumberland)
civil parish:-   Ulpha (formerly Cumberland)
county:-   Cumbria
locality type:-   hill
coordinates:-   NY23180237
1Km square:-   NY2302
10Km square:-   NY20
altitude:-   1801 feet
altitude:-   549m

photograph
BRM31.jpg (taken 14.9.2009)  
photograph
BTR11.jpg  Cairn.
(taken 11.10.2010)  
evidence:-   old map:- OS County Series (Cmd 80 9) 
placename:-  Hard Knott
source data:-   Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
evidence:-   old map:- Speed 1611 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Hard Knot
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland and the Ancient Citie Carlile Described, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, 1610, published by J Sudbury and George Humble, Popes Head Alley, London, 1611-12.
image
SP11NY20.jpg
"Hard Knot"
large hillock 
item:-  private collection : 16
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Morden 1695 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Hard Knot Hill
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, 1695, published by Abel Swale, the Unicorn, St Paul's Churchyard, Awnsham, and John Churchill, the Black Swan, Paternoster Row, London, 1695-1715.
image
MD12NY20.jpg
"Hard Knot Hill"
Large hillock. 
item:-  JandMN : 90
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Badeslade 1742
placename:-  Hardknot Hill
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, A Map of Cumberland North from London, scale about 11 miles to 1 inch, with descriptive text, by Thomas Badeslade, London, engraved and published by William Henry Toms, Union Court, Holborn, London, 1742.
image  click to enlarge
BD10.jpg
"Hardknot Hill"
hillock 
item:-  JandMN : 115
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   descriptive text:- Simpson 1746
placename:-  Hardknot Hill
source data:-   Atlas, three volumes of maps and descriptive text published as 'The Agreeable Historian, or the Compleat English Traveller ...', by Samuel Simpson, 1746.
image SMP4P194, button  goto source
"..."
"Hardknot-Hill, a ragged Mountain, so steep, that it is almost impossible to ascend it, yet on the Top of it a-"
image SMP4P195, button  goto source
"[a]bout 100 Years ago, not without great Admiration, were dug up some huge Stones, which looked like the Foundation of a Castle; but it is more probable, that they were the Ruins of some Church or Chapel built upon the Mountain, because it was thought an extraordinary Piece of Devotion in those Parts, (and Wormius testifies the same of Denmark) to erect Crosses and build Chapels in the most eminent Places, as being nearer Heaven, and more conspicuous: they were commonly dedicated to St. Michael: ..."
evidence:-   old map:- Simpson 1746 map (Wmd) 
placename:-  Hard Knot Hill
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Westmorland, scale about 8 miles to 1 inch, printed by R Walker, Fleet Lane, London, 1746.
image
SMP2NYA.jpg
"Hard Knot Hill"
Hillock. 
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.59
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Bickham 1753-54 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Hardknothill
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, perspective map, Map of Cumberland North from London, by George Bickham, James Street, Bunhill Fields, London, 1753, published by F Jollie and Sons, Carlisle, Cumberland, 1811.
image  click to enlarge
JL05.jpg
"Hardknothill"
view (sort of) 
item:-  Carlisle Library : 4.2
Image © Carlisle Library
evidence:-   old map:- Bowen and Kitchin 1760
placename:-  Hard Knot Hill
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, A New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland Divided into their Respective Wards, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin et al, published by T Bowles, Robert Sayer, and John Bowles, London, 1760.
image
BO18NY10.jpg
"Hard Knot Hill"
hill hachuring 
item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.10
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Hard Knot
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774.
image
D4NY20SW.jpg
"HARD KNOT"
hill hachuring; a hill or mountain 
item:-  Carlisle Library : Map 2
Image © Carlisle Library
evidence:-   descriptive text:- West 1778 (11th edn 1821) 
placename:-  Hardknot
source data:-   Guide book, A Guide to the Lakes, by Thomas West, published by William Pennington, Kendal, Cumbria once Westmorland, and in London, 1778 to 1821.
image WS21P213, button  goto source
Addendum; Mr Gray's Journal, 1769 
Page 213:-  "... at the head [of Windermere] two vallies open among the mountains: one, that by which we came down, the other Langdale, in which Wrynose and Hardknot, two great mountains, rise above the rest: ..."
image WS21P230, button  goto source
Rev Plumtre's Night Piece on Windermere, 1797 
Page 230:-  "..."
"Say, Brathay, as I walk your side, / List'ning to your murmuring tide, / What sights, what wonders have you seen, / Passing your barrier hills between? / View'd you old Langdale's solid towers, / And Elter-water's peaceful bowers; / Where the quarry's yawning scar / Hangs hideous in the midnight air! / Or, rather higher Langdale's rocks, / Hardknot and his mountain twin, / ..."
evidence:-   old map:- Cooke 1802
placename:-  Hard Knot
source data:-   Map, The Lakes, Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 8.5 miles to 1 inch, engravedby Neele and Son, published by Sherwood, Jones and Co, Paternoster Road, London, 1824.
image  click to enlarge
GRA1Lk.jpg
"Hard Knot"
hillock; mountain 
item:-  Hampshire Museums : FA2000.62.5
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Gents Mag
placename:-  Wryknot
placename:-  Hardnose
source data:-   Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922.
image G8050919, button  goto source
Gentleman's Magazine 1805 p.919  "... Before us rose, in a magnificent cluster, the rocks of Hardnose, Wryknot, ..."
evidence:-   old text:- Gents Mag 1805
item:-  placename, Hard Knott
source data:-   image G8051012, button  goto source
Gentleman's Magazine 1805 p.1012  "..."
"Erratum.- In the last paper, for Wryknot, read Wrynose; for Hardnose, read Hardknot."
"The origin of these outlandish terms has been in some few instances successfully traced from the Greek, from the connexion existing between that language and the antient Celtic. ..."
evidence:-   old map:- Cooper 1808
placename:-  Hard Knot
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 10.5 miles to 1 inch, drawn and engraved by Cooper, published by R Phillips, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, 1808.
image  click to enlarge
COP3.jpg
"Hard Knot"
hill hachuring; mountain or hill 
item:-  JandMN : 86
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Otley 1818
placename:-  Hard Knot
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, The District of the Lakes, Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Jonathan Otley, 1818, engraved by J and G Menzies, Edinburgh, Scotland, published by Jonathan Otley, Keswick, Cumberland, et al, 1833.
image
OT02NY20.jpg
item:-  JandMN : 48.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old drawing:- Aspland 1840s-60s
placename:-  Hardknot
source data:-   Drawing, pencil and ink wash, view from Hard Knott, Eskdale, Cumberland, by Theophilus Lindsey Aspland, 1852.
image  click to enlarge
AS0341.jpg
"with Mr Anderton. Sept ? 2 from Hardknot"
"Scawfell / Bowfell"
page number  "31"
item:-  Armitt Library : 1958.390.41
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Garnett 1850s-60s H
placename:-  Hard Knot
source data:-   Map of the English Lakes, in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s.
image
GAR2NY20.jpg
"Hard Knot"
hill hachuring 
item:-  JandMN : 82.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Jenkinson 1875
placename:-  Hard Knott
source data:-   Print, lithograph, outline view, Panoramic Sketches from Scawfell Pike, Cumberland, by Edwin A Pettitt, London, published by Edward Stanford, 55 Charing Cross, London, 1875.
image  click to enlarge
Jk01E3.jpg
"... Hard Knott ..."
item:-  JandMN : 28.9
Image © see bottom of page

photograph
 Click to enlarge
BTR13.jpg  Panorama - Slight Side, Sca Fell, Scafell Pike, Ill Crag, Esk Pike, Bowfell, Crinkle Crags.
(taken 11.10.2010)  
photograph
BTR14.jpg  and Moasdale.
(taken 11.10.2010)  
photograph
BNU94.jpg (taken 9.6.2007)  
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