Old Cumbria Gazetteer - Carlisle: Gents Mag 1746 siege


included in:-	Carlisle
	Carlisle: Gents Mag 1746 siege
locality type:-	siege

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:- rebellion, 1745; 1745 Rebellion; siege, Carlisle; Carlisle, siege
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1746 p.20 "ACCOUNT of the Motions of the REBELS and of the KING'S FORCES, from the London Gazette, with some Remarks. Continued from Vol.XV. p.626 and 667." "From the London Gazetter, Dec. 31." "... ..." "Whitehall, Dec. 31. Some letters from the north mention, that the rebels remained in the town of Carlisle upon the 25th, and fired almost incessantly; that his royal highness had upon that day received six pieces of cannon expected from Whitehaven; and that every thing was preparing for beginning the atcack (sic) upon the place." "Whitehall, Dec. 31. at noon. By letters of the 28th Inst. just received from his R.H. the duke of Cumberland's army, there is advice, that they had then begun to batter the four gun battery of Carlisle with six 18 pounders, and hoped to make a breach fit to give the assault by the next night." "From the Gazette extraordinary, Jan. 2. Published by authority. Price 2d." "... ..." "Whitehall, Jan. 2. Last night a messenger arriv'd with letters from Blackhall, dated the 30th past, with the following account of the"
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1746 p.21 "surrender of the town and castle of Carlisle to his R.H. the duke of Cumberland." "(Blackhall, a village near Carlisle, Decemb. 30, call'd Blichal in the Gazettes of Dec. 26 and 28 (See Vol.XV. p.626 G, and p.667 H) which is added to this Gazette for the sake of perspicuity.)" "ON the 29th it was found necessary to abate the firing from the battery, which had begun to play the day before, for want of shot, till towards evening, when a fresh supply arriving, it was renew'd very briskly for two hours, which shook the walls very much." "The same evening a fellow attempting to get out of the town, was taken by one of the advanced parties, and brought to the duke. He delivered two letters, one for his royal highness, the other for the commander of the Dutch troops suppos'd to be with his army. They were from a person stiling himself the commander of the French artillery, and of the French garrison that was at, or might come to Carlisle and who subscribes his name De Geogbegan (sic), for the defence of the town and citadel; and the contents of them were to summon the commander of the Dutch to retire with his troops from the English army, under pretence of the capitulation of Tournay." "The night of the 29th was spent in raising a new battery of three 18 pounders, which was completed by the morning; but on the first platoon of the old battery firing, the rebels hung out the white flag; whereupon the battery ceased, and they call'd over the walls, that they had two hostages ready to be deliver'd at the English Gate, which is on the opposite side of the town, His R.H. then order'd Col. Conway and Ld Bury to go and deliver the two messages mark'd (A) and (B) in writing, to be sign'd by Col. Conway. The second message being design'd as an answer to the person's letter who call'd himself a Frenchman." "IN about two hours they return's, and brought the paper mark'd (C) signed by John Hamilton, whereupon they were sent back with the terms signed by the duke of Richmond, by order of his R.H. as contained in the paper mark'd (D), and about four they brought the paper mark'd (E), sign'd also by John Hamilton; on which brigadier Bligh was order's immediately to take possession of the town, and he will have there this night* 400 foot guards, and 700 marching foot, with 120 horse to patrole in the streets. His R.H. the duke will enter the town of Carlisle himself *to-morrow." "THe words this night, and to-morrow* being found very abstruse, as standing under the date Whitehall, Jan. 2. it was necessary to add the date above from Blackhall, Dec. 30, and to separate the account, which was most clear in itself, from the Gazette writer's narrative, with which it was blended, the terms unchanged." "Copy of his royal highness's message to the rebels at Carlisle, upon their hanging out a white flag on Monday morning, Dec. 30, 1745." "(A) HIS royal highness will make no exchange of hostages with rebels, and desires they will let him know by me, what they mean by hanging out the white flag." "(B) To let the French officer know, if there is one in the town, that there are no Dutch troops here, but enough of the king's to chastise the rebels, and those who dare to give them any assistance. Sign'd" "Col. Conway, aid de camp to his R.H. the duke." "(D) John Hamilton's answer to his R.H. the duke's message to the rebels in Carlisle, Dec. 30, 1745." "IN answer to the short note sent by his royal highness prince William, D. of Cumberland, the governor in name of himself and all the officers and soldiers, gunners, and others belonging to the garrison, desires to know what terms his R.H. will be pleased to give them, upon surrender of the city and castle of Carlisle, and which known, his R.H. shall be duly acquainted with the governor and garrison's last or ultimate resolution, the white flag being hung out on purpose to obtain cessation of arms for concluding such a capitulation. This is to be given to his R.H.'s aid de camp." "Sign'd John Hamilton." "(D) His Royal Highness's declaration to the rebels, sent by the colonels Conway and Ld Bury, aid de camps to his R.H. after receiving John Hamilton's letter, Dec. 30." "ALL the terms his royal highness will or can grant to the rebel garrison of Carlisle are, that they shall not be put to the sword, but be reserv'd for the king's pleasure." "If they consent to these conditions, the governor and principal officers are to deliver themselves up immediately, and the castle, city, and all the gates of the town, are to be taken possession of forthwith by the king's troops. All the small arms are to be lodged in the town guard room, and the rest of the garrison are to retire to the cathedral, where a guard is to be placed over them. No damage is to be done to the artillery, arms, or ammunition." "Head quarters at Blackhall, Dec. 30. Half an hour past two in the afternoon." "By his royal highness's command," "Sign'd Richmond, Lenox, and Aubigny, Lieut. Gen. of his majesty's forces." "(E) The rebels answer to the terms offer'd them by his royal highness, Dec. 30, 1745." "THE governor of Carlisle, and the hail officers comprising the garrison, agree to the terms of capitulation given in, and subscribed by order of his royal highness, by his grace the duke of Richmond, Lenox, and Aubigny, Lieut. Gen. of his majesty's forces, recommending themselves to his royal highness's clemency, and that his royal highness will be pleased to interpose for them with his majesty; and that the officers cloaths and baggage may be safe, with a competent time to be allow'd to the citizens of Carlisle to remove their beds, bed-cloaths, and other houshold furniture impressed from"
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1746 p.22 "them for the use of the garrison in the castle. The 30th of Dec. 1745, at three o'clock in the afternoon. " "... ..."
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1746 p.23 "... ..." "From the London Gazette:-" "Whitehall, Jan. 7. The following is an account of the rebel officers and soldiers, together with their artillery, taken by his royal highness the duke of Cumberland at Carlisle." "LIST of the English rebel officers in the Manchester regiment taken in Carlisle, 1745." "Col.Francis Townley, of Lancashire." "Capt.John Saunderson, of Northumberland. Peter Moss, of Lancashire. James Dawson, of ditto. George Fletcher, of ditto. Andrew Blood, of Yorkshire." "Lieuts.Thomas Deacon, of Lancashire. John Berwick, of ditto. Robert Deacon, of ditto. John Holker, of ditto. Thomas Chadwick, of Staffordshire. Thomas Furnival, of Cheshire."
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1746 p.24 "EnsignsCharles Deacon, of Lancashire. Charles Gaylor, of ditto. John Hurter, of Northumberland. James Wilding, of Lancashire. John Betts, of ditto. William Bradshaw, of ditto. Samuel Maddock, of Cheshire." "Adjut.Thomas Syddel, of Lancashire (Barber)" "Total of Officers. 1 Colonel. 5 Captains. 6 Lieutenants. 7 Ensigns. 1 Adjutant. And 93 non-commissioned rebel officers, drummers, and private men." "James Cappock, of Lancashire, made by the Pretender Bishop of Carlisle." "LIST of the Scotch Rebel Officers taken in Carlisle, 1745." "John Hamilton, of Aberdeenshire, late Governor. - Robert Forbes, of ditto, Capt. in Lord Lewis Gordon's regiment. - John Burnet, of ditto, Capt. in Col. Grant's regiment. - Alexander Abernethy, of ditto, Capt. in the D. of Perth's regiment. - Donald M'Donald, of Inverness-shire, Capt. in Capock's regiment. - John Comerie, of Braes of Athol, Capt. in the D. of Athol's regiment. - Charles Gordon, of Aberdeenshire, Lieutenant in in Lord Ogilvie's regiment. - James Gordon, of ditto, Lieut. in Col. Grant's regiment. - Walter Ogilvie, of Bamffshire, Lieut. in Lord Lewis Gordon's regiment. - William Stewart, of ditto, Lieut. in Col. Roye Stewart's regiment. - Alex M'Grouther, of Perthshire, Lieut. in the D. of Perth's regiment. - Alex. M'Grouther, of ditto, Lieut. in ditto. - Walter Mitchel, of Aberdeenshire, Ensign in ditto. - George Ramsey, of ditto, Ensign in ditto. - James Stratton, of Berwickshire, Surgeon to the garrison. - James Nicholson, broke the capitulation by endeavouring to make his escape, Lieut. in the D. of Perth's regiment." "Total of Officers. 1 Governor. 1 Surgeon. 6 Captains. 7 Lieutenants. 3 Ensigns. And 256 non-commissioned rebel officers, Drummers, and private men." "LIST of those stiling themselves French officers, taken at Carlisle, 1745." "Sir Francis Geogean, of Thoulouse in France, Captain in Lally's regiment. - Strickland, of ditto, Col. no regiment. - Sir John Arbuthnot, of ditto, Capt. in Lord Drummond's regiment." "Private Men and Serjeants." "Pierre La Locke, of Dieppe in France, Serjeant in Lally's regiment. - Fra. Carpentier, of ditto, private man, in ditto. - Pierre Bourgogne, of Tourrat, private man, in ditto. - Jean Poussin. of Dieppe, private man in ditto. - Pierre Vickman, of ditto, private man, in ditto." "Total of those calling themselves French. 3 Officers. 1 Serjeant. 4. Private men." "An Account of the Brass and Iron Ordinance of the Rebels taken in Carlise." "6 brass one and half ponder guns with carriages. 1 brass octagon with a carriage. 3 brass four pounder guns with carriages. 4 brass cohorns. 2 royals." "... ..."
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1746 p.105 "Historical Chronicle February 1746." "... ..." "MONDAY 10." "The rebel officers taken at Carlisle, being 39, besides a French colonel engineer, and 4 others, were brought to town in 4 waggons and a coach, under a strong guard of soldiers; part of them were carried to New Prison, and the rest, among whom was Hamilton governor of Carlisle, to Newgate, except the Frenchmen who were conducted, the engineer in a coach, and the others in a waggon, to the Marshalsea prison; (the pretender's bishop of Carlisle, Cappuch, had been committed to Chester castle.) They were very rudely treated by the populace, who pelted them with dirt, and shew'd all other marks of abhorrence of their black designs." "... ..."
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1746 p.218 "Historical Chronicle, April 1746." "WEDNESDAY 2.Twelve pieces of cannon 12 pounders were also order'd for Carlisle, and several engineers for the defence of that city."

evidence:-	old text:- Gents Mag item:- rebellion, 1745; 1745 Rebellion; siege, Carlisle; Carlisle, siege
source data:-	Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1746 p.233 "... [1745 Rebellion]" "By letters from Scotland on Tuesday Nov. 5 [1745], we began to understand that the long projected expedition was now actually undertaken, and our frontiers quite open and unguarded; the garrison of Carlisle were under no apprehensions, judging they would march past them as in the rebellion of 1715. We secreted our most valuable effects, and sent the ladies eastward from these miscreants, of whom we had most terrible representations, determined to abide them ourselves."
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1746 p.234 "The fate of Carlisle you must have heard from other hands, we are yet in doubt whether that ignominious surrender was caused by cowardice or treachery, or both; I think it most probable that it was lost thro' a presumption that it would never be attack'd, and for want of a regular discipline among the men. ... The pretender's son was proclaimed at the cross, the keys of the city being carry'd to him at Brampton by the mayor and attendants; it should seem a necessary question how the keys of a garrison town, the custody of which was always till then committed to the governor, nominal or residential, came to be delivered into the mayor's hands for such a use at such a time." "During the pretended siege the garrison had a lad kill'd on the citadel by a musket shot, and one by the accidental firing of a piece on the walls, which was all their loss slain or wounded. What the rebels lost is not to be ascertain'd, a person of distinction was reported to be kill'd near Harraby, and bury'd with great solemnity at Wetheral; a principal engineer was seen to fall by a shot from the citadel at the head of their pretended battery: doubtless they lost more, but I am apt to believe not many, because they kept at too great a distance, and could not be discover'd for a very thick and uncommon mist which continued all the time; so that the garrison may be said to have fir'd in the dark, directing their guns only by the sound of their pipes or voices. ..." "On Tuesday the 19th [19.11.1745], about 100 horse more came to Brampton from Scotland, and the greatest part of the inhabitants of the country, tir'd out with finding subsistence for such a voracious crew, fled. ..." "From the time that the rebels left this neighbourhood, every day brought different accounts of them, which were all reported with so many improbable circumstances that they gained no credit. We too plainly perceiv'd that they had many well-wishers, who industriously conceal'd whatever might be to their prejudice, and exaggerated every circumstance in their favour. ... It was not long before several of the inhabitants of that and the neighbouring places, exasperated against the tyranny of the Highland government, began to rouze themselves, necessity inspiring them with courage; associations were formed to regain their liberty, and a scheme laid to storm the castle, and destroy the rebel garrison; chimerical as this project may appear, it terrify'd the governor into an artful invitation of the mayor and aldermen to an entertainment within his precincts; which they accepted for fear of giving offence, and were immediately secur'd, tho' soon after released, on parole that they would encourage no such attempt for the future; others were confined on suspicion, and every village in the neighbourhood of the city search'd for arms or ammunition by the rebels, who nevertheless were continually deserting as apprehensive of surprize. The governor neglected nothing to keep them in spirits,"
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1746 p.235 "sometimes flattering them with expectations from Scotland, at other times from France, and when all this wou'd not do, he fir'd the guns round the batteries for joy of a pretended victory, got I know not where. I do assure you their joy, ill grounded as it was, gave all real well-wishers to their country sufficient uneasiness, especially as no certain intelligence could be obtained." "In the mean time frequent skirmishes happen'd betwixt the citizens and rebels, in all which the townsmen had the better, and made several prisoners, whom they sent to distant goals, whilst the governor, to prevent a general defection, seiz'd the fathers of the offenders, as if punishing them would atone for the fault of their sons. He likewise attempted several methods to remove the general odium which his party lay under, sometimes by fair words, and at other times by menaces, and locking up the gates, all which prov'd ineffectual; so that the whole extent of his government seem'd to be in a state of hostility and confusion." "Affairs were in this situation 'till about the middle of December, when the governor being appriz'd of the retreat of his partisans, seiz'd on the market, and fixed his own price on the commodities, ransacking the country people, under pretence of searching for letters, and impressing beds for the use of his garrison from the inhabitants." "(to be continued.)"
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1746 p.300 "... [1745 Rebellion]" "THE rebels all this time were making forc'd marches to regain Scotland before his royal highness." "The dread of the return of a mob of exasperated ruffians, disappointed of their grand project, and in want of all things, threw us into a general consternation:"
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1746 p.301 "... [1745 Rebellion]" "... [the rebels] reach'd the city on Thursday night [19.12.1745] and Friday morning, excepting a few inconsiderable stragglers, who were secur'd." "Had it not been for the surrender of Carlisle, where they had now a comfortable retreat, and necessary supplies, they must have been extremely embarass'd, as the rains had now rendered the river Eden unfordable; but on the news of the Duke's marching from Penrith, they abandoned the city, and left the old governor, with about 400 Highlanders, and the English auxiliaries, to garrison the castle, with a view to retard the pursuit, ... They forded Esk near Longtown, but lost some men by the rapidity of the current, ... the principal topic of thes (sic) rebel conversation, while they prepared to attack Carlisle, was on the beauties of their prince, the valour of their men, the tyranny of the present government, the justness of their cause, and their disregard of death; so now they were always boasting their skill and capacity in making an unparallel'd retreat, ..." "His royal highness arrived before Carlisle on Saturday the 21st [21.12.1745], ... and on Sunday Carlisle was again invested on all sides. On Monday, I [George Smith] sent his highness a plan of the city and castle of Carlisle, to which this is a copy, with my humble opinion where the batteries might be commodiously rais'd, to distress the town least, and the enemy most, by firing on the west curtain from Primrose Bank, and endeavouring to break down the arch over the sally-port door, which was accordingly approv'd of, and put in execution." "As the army had left their trenching materials behind to facilitate the pursuit, the country was summon'd in with theirs, who with great alacrity flock'd to the place, and cast up the ditch at L, notwithstanding the fire from the garrison, which hurt not a single man, there being an advanc'd guard of soldiers to inform the trenchers at every flash. On Thursday the 26th his royal highness went round to visit the works on the North side near Stanwix, and some friends of the rebels having driven a flock of sheep onto the Swifts, the garrison, under favour of some cannon placed on Eden bridge, made a sally, and brought several head into the Castle; flour was also furnish'd them from time to time, notwithstanding the prohibition, which oblig'd his royal highness to cut the aqueducts that drove the mills, to disappoint their supplies; the rebels burnt a barn and house near the English gate the same day. On Friday six eighteen pounders which arrived from Whitehaven were brought from Rawcliff, and planted on the batteries, in order to begin to play on Saturday at day-break, which they accordingly did, 3 against the angle battery at C, and the other 3 against the 4 gun battery at D. 'Tis to be noted that as the parapet of the castle wall was extremely low, and the gunners on that account greatly expos'd, the inhabitants had rais'd an artificial bulwark of wet turf to a considerable thickness, with proper"
source data:-	goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1746 p.302 "embrasures for the cannon, before the first march of the rebels out of Scotland; a work sufficient to drown the shot of any pieces which the enemy cou'd bring along with them, the road they came. But these were presently thrown down by the repeated shocks of the eighteen pounders, and the rebels, expos'd to too brisk a fire, abandon'd the battery at D by noon, the army continuing to batter in breach all that afternoon and next day, besides the cohorns which were thrown from the ditch, at the end of Priestbeck bridge, as exhibited in the map, and which greatly incommoded the garrison. The wall by Sunday night began to totter, and three more cannon arriving they were erected on a new battery at H, somewhat nearer, to play on the angle C; the other 5 were to batter in breach (one of the six having burst). At the sight of this new battery the governor hung out a flag of truce, before any breach was effect'd, ..."

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