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Westward Forest
civil parish:-   Westward (formerly Cumberland)
county:-   Cumbria
locality type:-   forest
10Km square:-   NY34 (?) 
1Km square:-   NY3040
10Km square:-   NY34
references:-   Saxton 1579
evidence:-   old map:- Saxton 1579
placename:-  West Warde Forest
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorlandiae et Cumberlandiae Comitatus ie Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 5 miles to 1 inch, by Christopher Saxton, London, engraved by Augustinus Ryther, 1576, published 1579-1645.
image
Sax9NY34.jpg
"West Warde forest"
item:-  private collection : 2
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Mercator 1595 (edn?) 
placename:-  West Warde Forest
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Northumbria, Cumberlandia, et Dunelmensis Episcopatus, ie Northumberland, Cumberland and Durham etc, scale about 6.5 miles to 1 inch, by Gerard Mercator, Duisberg, Germany, about 1595.
image
MER8CumC.jpg
"West Warde forest"
trees, tinted green; forest 
item:-  JandMN : 169
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Speed 1611 (Cmd) 
placename:-  West Warde Forest
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland and the Ancient Citie Carlile Described, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, 1610, published by J Sudbury and George Humble, Popes Head Alley, London, 1611-12.
image
SP11NY34.jpg
"West Warde Forest"
groups of tree symbols 
item:-  private collection : 16
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   poem:- Drayton 1612/1622 text
placename:-  Westward Forrest
item:-  mines
source data:-   Poem, Poly Olbion, by Michael Drayton, published by published by John Marriott, John Grismand and Thomas Dewe, and others? London, part 1 1612, part 2 1622.
image DRY6P166, button  goto source
page 166:-  "...
Shee [Eden] with two Wood-Nymphs meets, the first is great and wilde,
And Westward Forrest hight, the other but a childe,
Compared with her Phere, and Inglewood is cald,
Both in their pleasant Scites, most happily instald."
"What Sylvan is there seene, and be she nere so coy,
Whose pleasures to the full, these Nymphs doe not enjoy,
And like Dianas selfe, so truly living chaste
For seldome any Tract, doth crosse their waylesse waste,
With many a lustie leape, the shagged Satyrs show,
Them pastime every day, both from the Meres below,
And Hils on every side, that neatly hemme them in,
The blushing morne to breake, but hardly doth begin,
But that the ramping Goats, swift Deere, and harmlesse Sheepe,
Which there their owners know, but no man hath to keepe,
The Dales doe over-spread, by them like Motley made,
But Westward of the two, by her more widened Slade.
Of more abundance boasts, as of those mighty Mynes,
Which in her Verge she hath: but that whereby she shines,
Is her two daintie Floods, which from two Hils doe flow,
Which in her selfe she hath, whose Banks doe bound her so
Upon the North and South, as that she seemes to be
Much pleased with their course, and takes delight to see
How Elne upon the South, in sallying to the Sea
Confines her: on the North how Wampull on her way,"
image DRY6P167, button  goto source
page 167:-  "Her purlews wondrous large, yet limitteth againe,
Both falling from her earth into the Irish Maine.
No lesse is Westward proud of Waver, nor doth win
Lesse praise by her cleere Spring, which in her course doth twin
With Wiz, a neater Nymph scarce of the watry kind;
And though she be but small, so pleasing Wavers mind,
That they entirely mix'd, the Irish Seas imbrace,
But earnestly proceed on our intended Race."
evidence:-   old map:- Drayton 1612/1622
placename:-  
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberlande and Westmorlande, by Michael Drayton, probably engraved by William Hole, scale about 4 or 5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Mariott, John Grismand, and Thomas Dewe, London, 1622.
image
DRY507.jpg
Tree and a huntress with a bow and arrows; a forest. 
item:-  JandMN : 168
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   probably old map:- Jansson 1646
placename:-  West Warde Forest
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumbria and Westmoria, ie Cumberland and Westmorland, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Jansson, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1646.
image
JAN3NY34.jpg
"West Warde forest"
Large group of tree symbols. 
item:-  JandMN : 88
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Morden 1695 (Cmd) 
placename:-  West Ward Forest
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, 1695, published by Abel Swale, the Unicorn, St Paul's Churchyard, Awnsham, and John Churchill, the Black Swan, Paternoster Row, London, 1695-1715.
image
MD12NY34.jpg
"West Ward Forest"
Forest, tree symbols. 
item:-  JandMN : 90
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Badeslade 1742
placename:-  Westward Forest
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, A Map of Cumberland North from London, scale about 11 miles to 1 inch, with descriptive text, by Thomas Badeslade, London, engraved and published by William Henry Toms, Union Court, Holborn, London, 1742.
image  click to enlarge
BD10.jpg
"Westward forest"
trees 
item:-  JandMN : 115
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Bickham 1753-54 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Westwood Forrest
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, perspective map, Map of Cumberland North from London, by George Bickham, James Street, Bunhill Fields, London, 1753, published by F Jollie and Sons, Carlisle, Cumberland, 1811.
image  click to enlarge
JL05.jpg
"Westwood Forrest"
view (sort of) 
item:-  Carlisle Library : 4.2
Image © Carlisle Library
evidence:-   old map:- Bowen and Kitchin 1760
placename:-  Westward Forest
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, A New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland Divided into their Respective Wards, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin et al, published by T Bowles, Robert Sayer, and John Bowles, London, 1760.
image
BO18NY24.jpg
"Westward Forest"
trees 
item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.10
Image © see bottom of page
see:-    Park Wood, Westward
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