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Pillar, Ennerdale and Kinniside
Pillar
civil parish:-   Ennerdale and Kinniside (formerly Cumberland)
civil parish:-   Nether Wasdale (formerly Cumberland)
county:-   Cumbria
locality type:-   hill
coordinates:-   NY17121211
1Km square:-   NY1712
10Km square:-   NY11
altitude:-   2927 feet
altitude:-   892m

photograph
BSU16.jpg (taken 17.5.2010)  
photograph
BPA52.jpg (taken 16.4.2008)  
evidence:-   old map:- OS County Series (Cmd 74 2) 
placename:-  Pillar
source data:-   Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
evidence:-   old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Pillar
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774.
image
D4NY11SE.jpg
"Pillar"
hill hachuring; a hill or mountain 
item:-  Carlisle Library : Map 2
Image © Carlisle Library
evidence:-   descriptive text:- West 1778 (11th edn 1821) 
source data:-   Guide book, A Guide to the Lakes, by Thomas West, published by William Pennington, Kendal, Cumbria once Westmorland, and in London, 1778 to 1821.
image WS21P293, button  goto source
Account of Ennerdale, late 18th century 
Page 293:-  "..."
"... As he approaches the vale of Ennerdale, ... he will find the rugged scenery of the country gradually refining; and as he winds round the foot of the Pillar, he will discover a vista, which cannot fail to strike the most indifferent observer with astonishment and pleasure."
"The mountains which serve to heighten this scene, and enhance its surprise, are Sty-head, Honister-crag, Wastdale, the Pillar, and Red-pike. ..."
evidence:-   old drawing:- Green 1790s-1820s
placename:-  Pillar, The
source data:-   Drawing, pencil, Pillar, Ennerdale and Kinniside, Cumberland, by William Green, Ambleside, Westmorland, 1800s-10s?
image  click to enlarge
PR1736.jpg
ms, pencil at lower left:-  "The Pillar 1½miles from Gillerthwaite"
item:-  Dove Cottage : 1994.118.2
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Otley 1818
placename:-  Pillar
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, The District of the Lakes, Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Jonathan Otley, 1818, engraved by J and G Menzies, Edinburgh, Scotland, published by Jonathan Otley, Keswick, Cumberland, et al, 1833.
image
OT02NY11.jpg
item:-  JandMN : 48.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Otley 1823 (4th edn 1830) 
placename:-  Pillar Fell
source data:-   Print, engraving, outline view, Some of the Western Mountains as seen from Helvellyn, published by Jonathan Otley, Keswick, Cumberland et al, 1830.
image  click to enlarge
O75E02.jpg
p.57 in A Concise Description of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, 4th edition, 1830.  "Some of the Western Mountains: / as seen from Helvellyn."
"Wetherlam / Old Man - Coniston Fell / Carrs, or Scars / Gray Friar / Black Combe / Crinkle Crags / Bowfell / Scawfell Pike / Great-end Crag / Glaramara / Great Gable / Kirkfell / Pillar Fell / Honister and High Crag / High Stile / Dalehead and Red Pike / Robinson / Blake Fell / Witeless Pike / Grasmoor / Ill Crags / Grisedale Pike"
item:-  Armitt Library : A1175.3
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Otley 1823 (4th edn 1830) 
placename:-  Pillar, The
source data:-   Print, engraving, outline view, Mountains of Ennerdale as seen from Kirkland, published by Jonathan Otley, Keswick, Cumberland et al, 1830.
image  click to enlarge
O75E09.jpg
p.131 in A Concise Description of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, 4th edition, 1830.  "The Mountains of Ennerdale: / as seen from Kirkland."
"Herdhouse / Green Gable / Great Gable / The Pillar / Wind Yate / Black Crag / Steeple / Matlin Cove / Hay Cock / Iron Crag / Revelin / Crag Fell - Grike"
item:-  Armitt Library : A1175.9
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Otley 1823 (8th edn 1849) 
placename:-  Pillar
source data:-   Engraving, outline view of mountains, Ennerdale from a Field near Kirkland and Salter, drawn by T Binns, engraved by O Jewitt, opposite p.20 of A Descriptive Guide of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, 8th edition, 1849.
image  click to enlarge
O80E11.jpg
item:-  Armitt Library : A1180.12
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Otley 1823 (8th edn 1849) 
placename:-  Pillar
source data:-   Engraving, outline view of mountains, A Group of Mountains seen from Helvellyn, looking towards the South West, drawn by T Binns, engraved by O Jewitt, opposite p.50 of A Descriptive Guide of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, 8th edition, 1849.
image  click to enlarge
O80E17.jpg
item:-  Armitt Library : A1180.18
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Otley 1823 (5th edn 1834) 
source data:-   Print, woodcut outline view, The Mountains of Ennerdale, by Jonathan Otley, Keswick, Cumberland, 1830.
image  click to enlarge
OT2E06.jpg
Printed on p.27 of A Concise Description of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, 5th edition, 1834.  "THE MOUNTAINS OF ENNERDALE: as seen from Kirkland."
"Bannow Fell / Herdhouse / Green Gable / Great Gable / The Pillar / Bowness Knot and Wind Yate / Black Crag / Steeple / Matlin Cove / Hay Cock / Iron Crag / Revelin / Crag Fell / Grike"
item:-  JandMN : 48.7
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Otley 1823 (5th edn 1834) 
placename:-  Pillar Fell
source data:-   Print, woodcut outline view, A Group of Mountains, seen from Helvellyn, by Jonathan Otley, Keswick, Cumberland, 1830.
image  click to enlarge
OT2E09.jpg
Printed on p.63 of A Concise Description of the English Lakes, by Jonathan Otley, 5th edition, 1834.  "A GROUP OF MOUNTAINS, Seen from Helvellyn, looking to the South-West."
"Holm Fell / Old Man - Coniston Fell / Wetherlam / Carrs, or Scars / Gray Friar / Black Combe / Harrison Stickle / Crinkle Crags / Bowfell / Hanging Knot / Scawfell Pike / Hindside / Great-end Crag / Glaramara / Great Gable / Green Gable / Kirkfell / Pillar Fell / Honister, and High Crag / High Stile / Dalehead, and Red Pike / Hindscarth, and Robinson / Blake Fell / Witeless Pike / Grasmoor / Ill Crags / Causey Pike / Grisedale Pike"
item:-  JandMN : 48.10
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   descriptive text:- Otley 1823 (5th edn 1834) 
placename:-  Pillar, The
placename:-  Pillar Fell
item:-  geology; greenstone; Pillar Stone
source data:-   Guide book, A Concise Description of the English Lakes, the mountains in their vicinity, and the roads by which they may be visited, with remarks on the mineralogy and geology of the district, by Jonathan Otley, published by the author, Keswick, Cumberland now Cumbria, by J Richardson, London, and by Arthur Foster, Kirkby Lonsdale, Cumbria, 1823; published 1823-49, latterly as the Descriptive Guide to the English Lakes.
image OT01P070, button  goto source
Page 70:-  "THE PILLAR"
"- A mountain rivalling the Gable in height - is situated between the vale of Ennerdale and that branch of Wasdale-head called Mosedale. It presents towards Ennerdale one of the grandest rocky"
image OT01P071, button  goto source
Page 71:-  "fronts anywhere to be met with; and has derived its name from a projecting rock on this side; which was originally called the Pillar Stone, and had been considered as inaccessible, till an adventurous shepherd reached its summit in 1826. The rock is a kind of greenstone, more porphyritic than that of Gable."
evidence:-   descriptive text:- Ford 1839 (3rd edn 1843) 
placename:-  Pillar
item:-  altitude, Pillar
source data:-   Guide book, A Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by Rev William Ford, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, by W Edwards, 12 Ave Maria Lane, Charles Tilt, Fleet Street, William Smith, 113 Fleet Street, London, by Currie and Bowman, Newcastle, by Bancks and Co, Manchester, by Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, and by Sinclair, Dumfries, 1839.
image FD01P178, button  goto source
Page 178:-  "ELEVATION OF THE MOUNTAINS,"
"ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT AUTHORITIES."
No. Names of Mountains. Dalton. Otley. Trig. S. Jamieson
10 Pillar 2893
evidence:-   old map:- Ford 1839 map
placename:-  Pillar
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Lake District of Cumberland, Westmoreland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, and by R Groombridge, 5 Paternoster Row, London, 3rd edn 1843.
image
FD02NY11.jpg
"Pillar"
Hill hachuring. 
item:-  JandMN : 100.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Garnett 1850s-60s H
placename:-  Pillar
source data:-   Map of the English Lakes, in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s.
image
GAR2NY11.jpg
"Pillar"
hill hachuring 
item:-  JandMN : 82.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old print:- Pyne 1853
source data:-   Print, tinted lithograph, Ennerdale Lake, Cumberland, by James Baker Pyne, engraved by W Gauci, published by Thomas Agnew and Sons, Manchester, Lancashire, 1853.
image  click to enlarge
PYN205.jpg
"PAINTED BY J. B. PYNE. / W. GAUCI LITH. / MANCHESTER, PUBLISHED BY THOMAS AGNEW & SONS, 1853. / Ennerdale Lake / M & N HANHART IMPT."
item:-  Armitt Library : A6678.6
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old print:- Pyne 1853
source data:-   Print, coloured lithograph, Ennerdale Lake, Cumberland, by James Baker Pyne, engraved by W Gauci, published by Thomas Agnew and Sons, Manchester, Lancashire, 1853.
image  click to enlarge
PYN405.jpg
item:-  Armitt Library : A6677.6
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Martineau 1855
item:-  altitude, Pillar
source data:-   Guide book, A Complete Guide to the English Lakes, by Harriet Martineau, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, and by Whittaker and Co, London, 1855; published 1855-76.
image MNU1P161, button  goto source
Page 161:-  "... The Pillar is 2,893 feet high, and inaccessible, from its craggy and precipitous character. ..."
evidence:-   old text:- Martineau 1855
item:-  altitude, Pillar
source data:-   Guide book, A Complete Guide to the English Lakes, by Harriet Martineau, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, and by Whittaker and Co, London, 1855; published 1855-76.
image MNU1P179, button  goto source
Page 179:-  "A TABLE OF THE HEIGHTS OF MOUNTAINS IN THE COUNTIES OF CUMBERLAND, WESTMORLAND, AND LANCASHIRE."
"No. : Names of Mountains. : Counties. : Height in Feet above the Sea Level."
"9 : Pillar : Cumberland : 2893"
evidence:-   text:- Mason 1907 (edn 1930) 
source data:-   Text book, The Ambleside Geography Books bk.III, The Counties of England, by Charlotte M Mason, published by Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co, Broadway House, 68-74 Carter Lane, and the Parents' Educational Union Office, 26 Victoria Street, London, edn 1930.
MSN1P023.txt
Page 23:-  "..."
"... to know that ... Pillar is rather like a pillar; ... and that the Pikes - Sca Fell Pikes and Langdale Pikes - are pairs of giants with rounded heads, that you may always recognise."
evidence:-   outline view:- Seascale 1920s-30s
placename:-  Pillar Mountain
source data:-   Print, uncoloured engraving, outline view, mountains from Seascale, published by Edward Burrow and Son, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, 1920s-30s.
image  click to enlarge
SES113.jpg
"PANORAMIC VIEW OF THE WESTERN MOUNTAINS OF LAKELAND AS SEEN FROM SEASCALE."
"... Pillar Mountain 2927 ..."
item:-  JandMN : 1079.13
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Jenkinson 1875
placename:-  Pillar
source data:-   Print, lithograph, outline view, Panoramic Sketches from Helvellyn, Westmorland, by Edwin A Pettitt, London, published by Edward Stanford, 55 Charing Cross, London, 1875.
image  click to enlarge
Jk01E1.jpg
"... Pillar ..."
item:-  JandMN : 28.5
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Jenkinson 1875
placename:-  Pillar
source data:-   Print, lithograph, outline view, Panoramic Sketches from Skiddaw, Cumberland, by Edwin A Pettitt, London, published by Edward Stanford, 55 Charing Cross, London, 1875.
image  click to enlarge
Jk01E2.jpg
"... Pillar ..."
item:-  JandMN : 28.8
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Jenkinson 1875
placename:-  Pillar
source data:-   Print, lithograph, outline view, Panoramic Sketches from Scawfell Pike, Cumberland, by Edwin A Pettitt, London, published by Edward Stanford, 55 Charing Cross, London, 1875.
image  click to enlarge
Jk01E3.jpg
"... Pillar ..."
item:-  JandMN : 28.9
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Matthew 1866
placename:-  Piller
source data:-   Print, engraving, outline view, Ennerdale, Cumberland, published by J Richardson, Highgate, Kendal, Westmorland, 1866.
image  click to enlarge
MW1E04.jpg
Tipped in before p.1 of The English Lakes, Peaks and Passes, from Kendal to Keswick, by George King Matthew. 
printed at bottom:-  "ENNERDALE"
printed at caption to mountains:-  "... Piller. ..."
item:-  Armitt Library : A1168.4
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old print:- Pyne 1853
source data:-   Drawn by James Barker Pyne, 1848-1853, lithographed by T Picken, 1859.
image  click to enlarge
PY16.jpg
"Ennerdale Lake"
item:-  JandMN : 97.15
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Tattersall 1836
placename:-  Pillar, The
source data:-   Print, engraving, Ennerdale Lake, from the North East, Cumberland, drawn by George Tattersall, engraved by W F Topham, published by Sherwood and Co, Paternoster Row, London, about 1836.
image  click to enlarge
TAT133.jpg
The print is captioned with mountain names and acts as an outline view. 
Tipped in opposite p.83 of The Lakes of England, by George Tattersall. 
printed at bottom:-  "ENNERDALE LAKE, / from the North East."
printed at bottom left to right:-  "Herd House. / Green Gavel. / Gt. Gavel. / The Pillar. / Steeple Crag. / Iron Crag. / Haycock. / Revelin."
item:-  Armitt Library : A1204.34
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   outline view:- Tattersall 1836 (version 1869) 
placename:-  Pillar, The
source data:-   Print, hand coloured, Ennerdale Lake, from the North East, Cumberland, drawn by George Tattersall, 1836, engraved by W F Topham, published by T J Allman, 463 Oxford Street, London, 1869.
image  click to enlarge
TAT215.jpg
Included in The Lakes of England, by W F Topham. 
printed at bottom:-  "ENNERDALE LAKE, / from the North East."
printed at bottom:-  "Herd House. / Green Gavel. / Gt. Gavel. / The Pillar. / Steeple Crag. / Iron Crag. / Haycock. / Revelin."
item:-  Armitt Library : A1067.15
Image © see bottom of page

photograph
BTE94.jpg (taken 13.7.2010)  
photograph
BMR62.jpg  From about Brandreth.
(taken 22.9.2006)  
photograph
BQX25.jpg  White Pike on the left, Windgap on the right.
(taken 25.6.2009)  
photograph
BQX36.jpg  Rocks; High Stile and High Crag behind.
(taken 25.6.2009)  
photograph
 Click to enlarge
BTE95.jpg  Pillar, Wind Gap, Scoat Fell, Steeple, Black Crag.
(taken 13.7.2010)  
photograph
 Click to enlarge
BVH07.jpg (taken 17.8.2011)  
photograph
BYO66.jpg (taken 18.6.2013)  
photograph
CEF91.jpg  From NW.
(taken 27.10.2015)  
photograph
CEG03.jpg (taken 27.10.2015)  
hearsay:-  
 A Brocken Spectre was observed here by H Williamson of Routen, Ennerdale:-
"It would be about 8 o'clock one morning, during the late spring or early summer, ... The valley was full of mist with the mountain tops showing through it. Overhaed was blue sky and brilliant sunshine. I was collecting sheep near to the top of the Pillar mountain and I walked out on an arm that sticks out about four to five hundred yards on the north-east side of the Pillar rock. I was now in such a position that the sun threw my shadow on to the mist below me where it appeared inside a complete circle of rainbow with my feet touching the bottom and my head the top."
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