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Lancashire
county:-   Cumbria
locality type:-   county, old

photograph
CCR45.jpg  New flag
 courtesy of Jason Saber.
evidence:-   old map:- Children's Friend 1869
placename:-  Lancashire
item:-  rebus
source data:-   Rebus puzzle, and small map, Hieroglyphical Readings No.XXI Lancashire, published in The Children's Friend, by S W Partridge and Co, London, 1 November 1869.
image  click to enlarge
M077.jpg
"HIEROGLYPHICAL READINGS. No.XXI. LANCASHIRE."
item:-  JandMN : 422
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evidence:-   old map:- Saxton 1579
placename:-  Lancastria
source data:-   Map, Westmorlandiae et Cumberlandiae Comitatus ie Counties of Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 5 miles to 1 inch, by Christopher Saxton, London, engraved by Augustinus Ryther, 1576 and presumably available from that date, published with other county maps in an atlas 1579; published 1579-1645.
"Lancastria"
evidence:-   old map:- Keer 1605
placename:-  Eboracensis Pars
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 16 miles to 1 inch, probably by Pieter van den Keere, or Peter Keer, about 1605 edition perhaps 1676.
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KER8.jpg
"Eboracensis Pars"
 
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.110
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evidence:-   old map:- Speed 1611 (Cum/EW) 
placename:-  Lancashire
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Kingdome of Great Britaine and Ireland, scale about 36 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, about 1610-11, published by Thomas Bassett, Fleet Street and Richard Chiswell, St Paul's Churchyard, London, 1676?
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SPD6Cm.jpg
"LANCASHIRE"
county 
item:-  private collection : 85
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evidence:-   poem:- Drayton 1612/1622 text
placename:-  Lancashire
item:-  placename, Lancashire
source data:-   Poem, Poly Olbion, by Michael Drayton, published by published by John Marriott, John Grismand and Thomas Dewe, and others? London, part 1 1612, part 2 1622.
image DRY6P129, button  goto source
page 129, Lancashire:-  "The seaven and twentieth Song."
"THE ARGUMENT."
"The circuit of this Shire exprest,
Erwell, and Ribble then contest;
The Muse next to the Mosses flies,
And to fayre Wyre her selfe applies,
The Fishy Lun then doth shee bring,
The praise of Lancashire to sing,
The Isle of Man maintains her plea,
Then falling Eastward from that Sea,
On rugged Furnesse, and his Fells,
Of which this Canto lastly tells."
"... ..."
image DRY6P162, button  goto source
page 162:-  "...
... Lun ...
... christning in her Course a Countie Palatine,
For Luncaster so nam'd; the Fort upon the Lun,
And Lancashire the name from Lancaster begun:
..."
evidence:-   table of distances:- Simons 1635
placename:-  Lancashire
source data:-   Table of distances, uncoloured engraving, Lancashire, with a thumbnail map, by Mathew Simons, published in A Direction for the English Traviller, 1635.
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SIM522.jpg
"Lancashire / Wth. some confi / ning Townes"
in title cartouche; adjacent counties given on thumbnail map  "the Irishe sea West / Cu~berl &Westmor: N / Yorkshire East / Cheshir South"
item:-  private collection : 50.22
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Sanson 1679
placename:-  Lancashire
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Ancien Royaume de Northumberland aujourdhuy Provinces de Nort, ie the Ancient Kingdom of Northumberland or the Northern Provinces, scale about 9.5 miles to 1 inch, by Nicholas Sanson, Paris, France, 1679.
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SAN2Cm.jpg
"LANCASHIRE"
county; included in the 'Royaume de Northumberland' 
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.15
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   descriptive text:- Bowen and Kitchin 1760 (Lan) 
placename:-  County Palatine of Lancaster
item:-  population, Lancashire
source data:-   New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin, published by T Bowles, John Bowles and Son, Robert Sayer, and John Tinney, 1760; published 1751-87.
The Bowen and Kitchin map of Lancashire has descriptive text:-  "The County Palatine of LANCASTER is 170 miles in Circumference being about 57 in length & 31 in Breadth is divided into 6 Hundreds in which are contained 115000 Acres of Land 27 Market Towns whereof 5 send Members to Parlt. 61 Parishes besides many Chapels of ease 40200 Houses & upwards of 240000 Inhabitants. The Air is serene & healthful. The Moorish Parts are not fertile but theCountry is genrally well stored with Provisions also Coals Flax Corn & Cattle (especially Oxen said to be the finest in England) Fowl Fish particularly Charr Pit Coal which is of so hard a texture that of it are made several Utensils well polished & but little inferr. to Jett The chief Manufactures are Woollen Cloths Cottons &Ticken."
evidence:-   old map:- Crosthwaite 1783-94 (Win/Ble) 
placename:-  Lancashire
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, An Accurate Map of the Grand Lake of Windermere, scale about 2 inches to 1 mile, by Peter Crosthwaite, Keswick, Cumberland, 1783, version published 1819.
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CT9NY30R.jpg
"Lancashire"
labelled on east side of the River Rothay 
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CT9SD39W.jpg
"Lancashire"
labelled on south side of Black Beck 
item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.102
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Clarke 1787 map (Windermere S) 
placename:-  Lancashire
source data:-   Map, A Map of the Southern Part of the Lake Winandermere and its Environs, scale about 6.5 ins to 1 mile, by James Clarke, engraved by Samuel John Neele, 352 Strand, published by James Clarke, Penrith, Cumberland and in London etc, 1787.
image
CLBSD39W.jpg
"BLACK BECK divides the Counties"
item:-  private collection : 10.11
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Clarke 1787 map (Windermere N) 
placename:-  Lancashire
source data:-   Map, A Map of the Northern Part of the Lake Winandermere and its Environs, scale about 6.5 ins to 1 mile, by James Clarke, engraved by Samuel John Neele, 352 Strand, published by James Clarke, Penrith, Cumberland and in London etc, 1787.
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CLANY30R.jpg
"LANCASHIRE"
South of the River Brathay. 
item:-  private collection : 10.10
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Camden 1789
placename:-  Lancashire
placename:-  Loncasterscyre
placename:-  Lonkashire
placename:-  Lankashire
placename:-  County Palatine of Lancaster
source data:-   Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
image CAM2P127, button  goto source
Page 127:-  "LANCASHIRE."
"I must now direct my progress to another quarter, to the remaining BRIGANTES who settled on the other side of the Mountains towards the western ocean, and first to those of Lancashire, whom I feel some secret reluctance to visit, if they will forgive me the expression. I fear I shall give little satisfaction to myself or my readers here, so little encouragement did I meet with when I surveyed much the greater part of this county, so completely has Time destroyed the original names everywhere. But, that I may not seem to neglect Lancashire, I must attempt the task, not doubting but Providence, which has hitherto favoured me will assist me here."
"The county of Lancaster, called by the Saxons [Loncasterscyre - Anglo Saxon], vulgarly Lonka-shire, Lankashire, and the County Palatine of Lancaster, it being dignified with the honour of a County Palatine, lies to the west under the hills, which, as I have frequently before observed, run through the middle of England, and divide the counties as arbiters between them respectively. It is so confined by Yorkshire on the east, and the Irish sea on the west, that on the south, towards Cheshire, it spreads to a greater breadth, and then gradually narrows again to the north, where it borders on Westmorland. It is there broken in upon by a bay of the sea, and no small part of it lies on the other side of that bay adjoining to Cumberland."
"... ..."
evidence:-   old text:- Camden 1789 (Gough Additions) 
source data:-   Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
image CAM2P134, button  goto source
Page 134:-  "LANCASHIRE is in length from north to south 80 miles, in breadth from east to west 32, and in circumference above 200, contains 1,150,000 acres, 40,000 houses, 240,000 inhabitants, 6 hundreds, 7 market towns, and but 36 parishes, as Mr. Camden, which is as few or fewer than Rutland, or the little Welsh counties, but these parishes are large and populous, and contain each several chapels. Mr. Pennant says, in an excellent survey made in the beginning of James I. there were 60 parishes. At the Domesday survey this county was included in Cheshire and Yorkshire. Leland says Lancastreshire conteineth five litle shires. It was made a county palatine by Edward III. in favour of his fourth son John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, and has a court sitting in the dutchy chamber of Lancaster at Westminster, where a chancellor takes cognizance of all causes concerning its revenue, and a court of chancery. The lower part of the county is wet and unfavourable to sheep, but the hills breed very fine ones."
"... ..."
evidence:-   old map:- Cooke 1802
placename:-  Lancashire
source data:-   Map, Lancashire, scale about 18 miles to 1 inch, by George Cooke, 1802, bound in Gray's New Book of Roads, 1824, published by Sherwood, Jones and Co, Paternoster Road, London, 1824.
image  click to enlarge
GRA1La.jpg
"LANCASHIRE"
map title 
item:-  Hampshire Museums : FA2000.62.6
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   descriptive text:- Otley 1823 (5th edn 1834) 
item:-  boundary; county boundary; geology
source data:-   Guide book, A Concise Description of the English Lakes, the mountains in their vicinity, and the roads by which they may be visited, with remarks on the mineralogy and geology of the district, by Jonathan Otley, published by the author, Keswick, Cumberland now Cumbria, by J Richardson, London, and by Arthur Foster, Kirkby Lonsdale, Cumbria, 1823; published 1823-49, latterly as the Descriptive Guide to the English Lakes.
image OT01P001, button  goto source
Page 1:-  "DESCRIPTION OF THE ENGLISH LAKES AND ADJACENT MOUNTAINS."
"THE LAKES."
"THE Mountainous District, in which the English Lakes are situated, extends into three Counties, Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, which form their junction at a point upon the mountain Wrynose, near the road side. Lancashire is separated from Cumberland by the river Duddon; from Westmorland by the stream running through Little Langdale, and by Elterwater and Windermere, until south of Storrs Hall; after which the river Winster forms the boundary till it enters the sands near Medup; ..."
image OT01P103, button  goto source
"... The road entering Lancashire at Brathay, or at Skelwith Bridge, leaves it again at Colwith Bridge; ..."
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"... Near the road on Wrynose are the three shire stones of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire."
"..."
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Page 149:-  "THE GEOLOGY OF THE LAKE DISTRICT."
"AT the time this essay was first published, the structure of the mountainous district of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, was but little understood; scientific travellers had contented themselves with procuring specimens of the different rocks, without taking time to become acquainted with their relative position. Since then, the subject has received more attention from persons conversant with geological inquiries; especially from the distinguished Professor Sedgwick. ..."
evidence:-   old map:- 
placename:-  Lancashire
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, wood jigsaw puzzle, England, scale about 26 miles to 1 inch, by Gall and Inglis, Bernard Terrace, Edinburgh, and 25 Paternoster Square, London, cut by E J Peacock, King's Cross, London, 1850s?
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BXX11.jpg
Map, hand coloured engraving, wood jigsaw puzzle, England, scale about 26 miles to 1 inch, by Gall and Inglis, Bernard Terrace, Edinburgh, and 25 Paternoster Square, London, cut by E J Peacock, King's Cross, London, 1850s? 
printed on box lid:-  "A / DISSECTED / MAP / OF / ENGLAND / Manufactured by E. J. PEACOCK, 10 Upper [W house] Street, King's Cross."
printed on jigsaw  "LANCASHIRE"
item:-  JandMN : JIG388
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   text:- Mason 1907 (edn 1930) 
source data:-   Text book, The Ambleside Geography Books bk.III, The Counties of England, by Charlotte M Mason, published by Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co, Broadway House, 68-74 Carter Lane, and the Parents' Educational Union Office, 26 Victoria Street, London, edn 1930.
MSN1P031.txt
Page 31:-  "..."
"FURNESS is a bit of Lancashire entirely separated from the rest of the county by the waters of Morecambe Bay. The little Winster stream alone divides it from Westmoreland, and the Duddon from Cumberland; but nowhere does it touch the shire of which it forms a part."

photograph
BQS79.jpg (taken 5.6.2009)  
new county:-    Cumbria
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