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Clifton
civil parish:-   Clifton (formerly Westmorland)
county:-   Cumbria
locality type:-   buildings
coordinates:-   NY53412663 (etc) 
1Km square:-   NY5326
10Km square:-   NY52

photograph
BTP66.jpg (taken 8.10.2010)  
evidence:-   old map:- OS County Series (Wmd 8 1) 
placename:-  Clifton
source data:-   Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948.
evidence:-   old map:- Saxton 1579
placename:-  Clifton
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorlandiae et Cumberlandiae Comitatus ie Westmorland and Cumberland, scale about 5 miles to 1 inch, by Christopher Saxton, London, engraved by Augustinus Ryther, 1576, published 1579-1645.
image
Sax9NY52.jpg
Church, symbol for a parish or village, with a parish church.  "Clifton"
item:-  private collection : 2
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Speed 1611 (Wmd) 
placename:-  Clifton
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, The Countie Westmorland and Kendale the Cheif Towne, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, 1610, published by George Humble, Popes Head Alley, London, 1611-12.
image
SP14NY52.jpg
"Clifton"
circle, building and tower 
item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.5
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Jansson 1646
placename:-  Cliston
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumbria and Westmoria, ie Cumberland and Westmorland, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Jansson, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1646.
image
JAN3NY52.jpg
"Cliston"
Buildings and tower. 
item:-  JandMN : 88
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   hearth tax returns:- Hearth Tax 1670
placename:-  Cliffton Towne
source data:-   Records, hearth tax returns, exchequer duplicates, Westmorland, 1670.
"Cliffton Towne"
evidence:-   old map:- Ogilby 1675 (plate 38) 
source data:-   Road strip map, hand coloured engraving, continuation of the Road from London to Carlisle, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by John Ogilby, London, 1675.
image
OG38m277.jpg
In mile 279, Westmorland, at:-  "Clif Chappell"
the church drawn close to the road on the left. 
item:-  JandMN : 21
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Seller 1694 (Wmd) 
placename:-  Clifton
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorland, scale about 8 miles to 1 inch, by John Seller, 1694.
image  click to enlarge
SEL7.jpg
"Clifton"
circle, italic lowercase text; settlement or house 
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.87
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Morden 1695 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Cliston
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Cumberland, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, 1695, published by Abel Swale, the Unicorn, St Paul's Churchyard, Awnsham, and John Churchill, the Black Swan, Paternoster Row, London, 1695-1715.
image
MD12NY52.jpg
"Cliston"
Circle, building and tower. 
item:-  JandMN : 90
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Morden 1695 (Wmd) 
placename:-  Clifton
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmorland, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, by Robert Morden, published by Abel Swale, the Unicorn, St Paul's Churchyard, Awnsham, and John Churchill, the Black Swan, Paternoster Row, London, 1695.
image
MD10NY52.jpg
"Clifton"
Circle, building and tower. 
item:-  JandMN : 24
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Millward and Dickinson 1737
placename:-  Clifton Chapel
source data:-   Road map, photocopy, diagram, A New and Correct Map of Roads of England, probably published by T Millward and B Dickinson, Inigo Jones's Head, Fleet Street, London, 1737.
"Clifcha"
image  click to enlarge
MWD1Cm.jpg
item:-  private collection : 264
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   descriptive text:- Bickham 1753-54
source data:-   Maps, A Map of Westmorland, 1753, and A Map of Cumberland, 1754, by George Bickham, James Street, Bunhill Fields, London; published 1750s-96.
"At Clifton, between Shap in this County & Penrith in Cumberland, the Van guard of the King's Troops, under his Royal Highness the Duke, came up with the Rebels in their Retreat, &several Lives were lost on both Sides. ..."
evidence:-   old map:- Bowen and Kitchin 1760
placename:-  Clifton
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, A New Map of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland Divided into their Respective Wards, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Kitchin et al, published by T Bowles, Robert Sayer, and John Bowles, London, 1760.
image
BO18NY42.jpg
"Clifton"
circle, tower 
item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.10
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Jefferys 1770 (Wmd) 
placename:-  Clifton
source data:-   Map, 4 sheets, The County of Westmoreland, scale 1 inch to 1 mile, surveyed 1768, and engraved and published by Thomas Jefferys, London, 1770.
image
J5NY52NW.jpg
"CLIFTON"
blocks, labelled in block caps; village or parish? 
item:-  National Library of Scotland : EME.s.47
Image © National Library of Scotland
evidence:-   old map:- West 1784 map
placename:-  Clifton
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, A Map of the Lakes in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Paas, 53 Holborn, London, about 1784.
image
Ws02NY52.jpg
item:-  Armitt Library : A1221.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Clarke 1787
placename:-  Clifton
item:-  salt
source data:-   Guide book, A Survey of the Lakes of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, written and published by James Clarke, Penrith, Cumberland, and in London etc, 1787; published 1787-93.
image CL13P006, button  goto source
Page 6:-  "..."
"... I am in possession of an old boundary-roll (taken at the perambulation of Gilbert de Engayne, in the 21st year of Edward III. at which time he settled the whole village of Clifton upon his son Henry, and Johanna his wife) and this likewise begins at Bradwath. ..."
"From the Bridge [Lowther Bridge] part of the village of Clifton may be seen; more particularly the church, and that old tower called the Hall, at the distance of about three quarters of a mile. This village, (which consists of about forty houses, all very neat,) formerly belonged to Hugh de Morville, and was given by him to Gilbert de Engayne before the forfeiture of his other estates. In the family of the Engaynes it continued until the marriage of Elinora, the only daughter of the family, to William Wybergh, and in the Wybergh family it hath ever since continued. During the civil wars they fell into distress through the oppressions of those times, when the manor of Clifton was mortgaged to Sir John Lowther of Lowther, and never afterwards redeemed. The present possessor is Thomas Wybergh Esq; Counsellor at law."
"An ancient customary service exacted from the tenants of this manor was, "to go to St Bees with man and horse, to fetch salt and other necessaries from thence, once a year." They had a right to compound for this service, by paying half a crown to"
image CL13P007, button  goto source
Page 7:-  "the Bailiff when he went to warn them; and it is hardly necessary to observe, that the Bailiff knew perfectly well how to time his summons. Some, however, chose rather to go than pay; and in that case they had a shilling each man from the lord, and at their return were to have bread and cheese and ale at the lord's expence. The last who went this journey was Henry Penrith, who brought salt from St Bees at the summons of John Lowther, to whom the manor was then mortgaged. This may shew us how greatly money is decreased in value within a few years in this country, as (notwithstanding the improvements of the road,) the distance which those who went to St Bees had to travel, is forty-seven miles; and before these improvements took place, the journey must have been not only longer, but very laborious."
evidence:-   old print:- Clarke 1787
placename:-  Clifton Villa
source data:-   circle
image  click to enlarge
CL18.jpg
"Clifton Villa"
item:-  Armitt Library : A6615.12
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Cary 1789 (edn 1805) 
placename:-  Clifton
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Westmoreland, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Cary, London, 1789; edition 1805.
image
CY24NY52.jpg
"Clifton"
blocks, church symbol, labelled in upright lowercase; village 
item:-  JandMN : 129
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   road book:- Cary 1798 (2nd edn 1802) 
placename:-  Clifton
source data:-   Road book, itineraries, Cary's New Itinerary, by John Cary, 181 Strand, London, 2nd edn 1802.
image CY38p267, button  goto source
image  click to enlarge
C38267.jpg
page 267-268  "Clifton - T.G."
toll gate 
image CY38p273, button  goto source
image  click to enlarge
C38273.jpg
page 273-274  "At Clifton, on l. - Wybergh, Esq."
item:-  JandMN : 228.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Baker 1802
placename:-  Clifton
source data:-   Perspective road maps with sections in Lancashire, Westmorland and Cumberland, by J Baker, London 1802.
image
Bk03Vg08.jpg
"Clifton / 284"
item:-  private collection : 3
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Cooke 1802
placename:-  Clifton
source data:-   Map, Westmoreland ie Westmorland, scale about 12 miles to 1 inch, by George Cooke, 1802, published by Sherwood, Jones and Co, Paternoster Road, London, 1824.
image  click to enlarge
GRA1Wd.jpg
"Clifton"
blocks, italic lowercase text, village, hamlet, locality 
item:-  Hampshire Museums : FA2000.62.4
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Laurie and Whittle 1806
placename:-  Clifton
source data:-   Road map, Completion of the Roads to the Lakes, scale about 10 miles to 1 inch, by Nathaniel Coltman? 1806, published by Robert H Laurie, 53 Fleet Street, London, 1834.
image  click to enlarge
Lw18.jpg
"Clifton 285ΒΌ"
village or other place; distance from London 
item:-  private collection : 18.18
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Cooper 1808
placename:-  Clifton
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmoreland ie Westmorland, scale about 9 miles to 1 inch, by H Cooper, 1808, published by R Phillips, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, 1808.
image  click to enlarge
COP4.jpg
"Clifton"
circle; village or hamlet 
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.53
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Wallis 1810 (Wmd) 
placename:-  Clifton
source data:-   Road map, Westmoreland, scale about 19 miles to 1 inch, by James Wallis, 77 Berwick Street, Soho, 1810, published by W Lewis, Finch Lane, London, 1835?
image  click to enlarge
WAL5.jpg
"Clifton"
village, hamlet, house, ... 
item:-  JandMN : 63
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Otley 1818
placename:-  Clifton
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, The District of the Lakes, Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Jonathan Otley, 1818, engraved by J and G Menzies, Edinburgh, Scotland, published by Jonathan Otley, Keswick, Cumberland, et al, 1833.
image
OT02NY52.jpg
item:-  JandMN : 48.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Gents Mag
source data:-   Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922.
image G816B601, button  goto source
Gentleman's Magazine 1816 part 2 p.601 
Biographical note from the Compendium of County History:-  "Seed, Jeremiah, divine, Clifton, 1605."
evidence:-   old map:- Hall 1820 (Wmd) 
placename:-  Clifton
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Westmoreland ie Westmorland, scale about 14.5 miles to 1 inch, by Sidney Hall, London, 1820, published by Samuel Leigh, 18 Strand, London, 1820-31.
image  click to enlarge
HA18.jpg
"Clifton"
circle, italic lowercase text; settlement 
item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.58
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Ford 1839 map
placename:-  Clifton
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Lake District of Cumberland, Westmoreland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, and by R Groombridge, 5 Paternoster Row, London, 3rd edn 1843.
image
FD02NY52.jpg
"Clifton"
item:-  JandMN : 100.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Gents Mag
item:-  roman altar; roman inscription; inscription, roman
source data:-   Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London, monthly from 1731 to 1922.
image G847A593, button  goto source
Gentleman's Magazine 1847 part 1 pp.593-594  "ROMAN ALTAR FOUND IN CUMBERLAND."
image  click to enlarge
G847E01.jpg
"IN making the excavation of the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway at Clifton, the Roman Altar here represented was recently discovered. It is now the property of Mr. G. Mould, esq. of Coldale Hall, near Carlisle; who, for the inspection of the curious, has kindly deposited it in the yard of Mr. Thomas Raper, stone-cutter, in Botchergate, previous to its being placed in the private grounds adjoining his residence. The annexed engraving is copied fror the Carlisle Patriot. The two figures of a vase and praefericulum are on the sides of the altar; the back of it is plain and in a rough state."
"The inscription may be read thus:-"
"JOVI OPTIMO MAXIMO
GENIO LOCI
BRITANNICO
SOLVENS VOTUM AP-
OLLINA-
RIS PRIN-
CIPI CURAVIT FACIENDUM."
"The nearest parallel inscription to this, found in Britain, with which we are acquainted, is one on an altar found at Walton Castlesteads, in the parish of Haltwhistle, on the line of the Roman Wall, (Hodgson,*p.215) -"
"I O M ET G
LOCI G VI ..."
"In justification of our reading, "Genio loci Britannico," we may refer to another altar, found at Achindavy, also on the Roman Wall, (Hodgson, p.266) - Inscribed GENIO TERRAE BRI-"
p.594  "TANNICAE M. COCCEI FIRMUS >(centurio) LEG II AUG."
evidence:-   old map:- Garnett 1850s-60s H
placename:-  Clifton
source data:-   Map of the English Lakes, in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s.
image
GAR2NY52.jpg
"Clifton"
blocks, settlement 
item:-  JandMN : 82.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old text:- Harper 1907
source data:-   HP01p117.txt
Page 117:-  "..."
image  click to enlarge
HP0111.jpg
"CLIFTON."
item:-  JandMN : 1055.12
Image © see bottom of page
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