Old Cumbria Gazetteer |
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| Citadel, Carlisle | ||
| Carlisle Citadel | ||
| Street:- | English Street | |
| locality:- | Carlisle | |
| civil parish:- | Carlisle (formerly Cumberland) | |
| county:- | Cumbria | |
| locality type:- | court | |
| locality type:- | castle (ex) | |
| coordinates:- | NY40255566 | |
| 1Km square:- | NY4055 | |
| 10Km square:- | NY45 | |
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 CBR67.jpg (taken 15.9.2014)  BLW69.jpg (taken 19.4.2006) |
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| evidence:- | old map:- OS County Series (Cmd 23 7) placename:- Citadel |
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| source data:- | Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25
inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton,
Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948. "Citadel (Site of)" |
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| evidence:- | old map, descriptive text:- Bowen 1720 (plate 161) placename:- Cittadel |
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| source data:- | Road book, Britannia Depicta Or Ogilby Improv'd, including road
strip maps with sections in Westmorland and Cumberland, scale
about 2 miles to 1 inch, derived from maps by Ogilby, 1675, also
a county map of Westmorland, scale about 8 miles to 1 inch, and
of Cumberland, scale about 16.5 miles to 1 inch, each with text,
by John Owen, published by Emanuel Bowen, London, 1720;
published 1720-64. "CARLISLE - ... The Castle is at this Day a well Fortifyed building, as is the Cittadel, which rec~ed considerable additions in its Strength, from K. Henry 8th. ..." |
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| evidence:- | descriptive text:- Defoe 1724-26 placename:- Cittadel |
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| source data:- | Tour through England and Wales, by Daniel Defoe, published in
parts, London, 1724-26. "... King Henry VIII fortify'd the city against the Scots, and built an additional castle to it on the east side, which Mr. Cambden, though I think not justly, calls a cittadel; ..." |
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| evidence:- | old text:- Gents Mag item:- Bother Gate (English Gate); English Gate, Carlisle |
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| source data:- | Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or
Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the
pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London,
monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto sourceGentleman's Magazine 1745 p.673 "... The citadel is by the Bother gate, very strong, fortified with several orillons, or roundels, and built by K. Henry VIII." |
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| evidence:- | old text:- Gents Mag item:- rebellion, 1745; 1745 Rebellion |
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| source data:- | Magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine or Monthly Intelligencer or
Historical Chronicle, published by Edward Cave under the
pseudonym Sylvanus Urban, and by other publishers, London,
monthly from 1731 to 1922. goto source Gentleman's Magazine 1746 p.233 "... The troops [rebels, 9.11.1745] on the south side under the pretender's son were in like manner repuls'd by the citadel and turret guns. ..." "... During the pretended siege the garrison had a lad kill'd on the citadel by a musket shot, ..." |
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| evidence:- | old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd) placename:- Citadel |
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| source data:- | Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1
inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29
Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774. D44055I.jpg "Citadel" fortification item:- Carlisle Library : Map 2 Image © Carlisle Library |
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| evidence:- | old text:- Camden 1789 (Gough Additions) |
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| source data:- | Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England,
Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition
by Richard Gough, published London, 1789. goto source Page 193:- "..." "... Henry VIII. built the citadel, an oblong with three bastions on the west side of the town, now neglected. ..." |
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| evidence:- | old text:- Farington 1816 item:- court, Carlisle; gaol, Carlisle |
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| source data:- | Descriptive text:- "..." "In the reign of Henry VI., in consequence, as it appears, of the assizes having been removed to other places, by occasion of the wars with Scotland, an Act of Parliament passed, by which it was ordained, that in time of peace or truce, the assizes for the county should be holden at Carlisle, as had of old been accustomed, and not elsewhere." "In the year 1810, in pursuance of an Act of Parliament, obtained three years before for the purpose, "enabling his Majesty to grant the citadel and walls of the city of Carlisle, &c. to the justices of the peace for the county of Cumberland, for building courts of justice for the said county, &c." the courts were begun to be built, in the Gothic style, from designs of Robert Smirke, Esq. Jun. R.A., and under his direction, within the walls of the ancient citadel, which consisted of two very large low round towers, flanking the English gate, and is said to have been erected in the reign of King Henry the Eighth. The courts were so far completed, as to be made use of for the assizes in the summer of the following year. A new county-gaol is about to be erected, under the same Act of Parliament, on the site of the Black Friers, adjoining the English gate." "..." item:- Armitt Library : A6666.25 Image © see bottom of page |
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| evidence:- | old map:- Bell 1833 |
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| source data:- | Map, hand coloured steel engraving, Westmoreland ie Westmorland,
scale about 5.5 miles to 1 inch, by James Bell? published by
Archibald Fullarton and Co, Glasgow, Strathclyde, about 1834. click to enlargeBEL3Vgn2.jpg Vignette on a map of Cumberland item:- JandMN : 3 Image © see bottom of page |
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| evidence:- | descriptive text:- Ford 1839 (3rd edn 1843) |
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| source data:- | Guide book, A Description of Scenery in the Lake District, by
Rev William Ford, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, by W
Edwards, 12 Ave Maria Lane, Charles Tilt, Fleet Street, William
Smith, 113 Fleet Street, London, by Currie and Bowman,
Newcastle, by Bancks and Co, Manchester, by Oliver and Boyd,
Edinburgh, and by Sinclair, Dumfries, 1839. goto source Page 100:- "..." "... From the south, after passing through the suburbs of Botchergate, adorned with the new edifice of Christ Church, the entrance is between the Court-houses, impressing the stranger with the not im-" goto sourcePage 101:- "[im]probable idea that he is entering through the bastions of a fortified city. ..." |
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| evidence:- | old text:- Harper 1907 item:- Merry Carlisle |
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| source data:- | Guidebook, The Manchester and Glasgow Road, by Charles G Harper,
published by Chapman and Hall Ltd, London, 1907. HP01p149.txt Page 149:- "..." "... the Citadel Station, as it is called - is neighboured by two enormous medieval-looking" HP01p150.txt Page 150:- "drum towers of red sandstone, restorations of two of the same character built in the sixteenth century. They look none less gloomy because they serve merely the purpose of Assize Courts, instead of fortifications. You must needs pass between them on entering Carlisle from the London road, and they are among the first things to dispel any idea the stranger may have brought with him that Carlisle is really "merry."" |
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| evidence:- | old map:- Burrow 1920s |
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| source data:- | Road book, On the Road, Dunlop Pictorial Road Plans, volume V,
strip maps with parts in Westmorland, Cumberland etc, irregular
scale about 1.5 miles to 1 inch, by E J Burrow and Co,
Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, 1920s. EJB3Vg30.jpg item:- private collection : 17 Image © see bottom of page |
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| evidence:- | database:- Listed Buildings 2010 placename:- Assize Courts |
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| source data:- | courtesy of English Heritage "ASSIZE COURTS / / ENGLISH STREET / CARLISLE / CARLISLE / CUMBRIA / I / 386723 / NY4025055669" |
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| source data:- | courtesy of English Heritage "Formerly known as: The Citadel." "Citadel, then Court House and Court Offices, now County Council Offices. 1542 by Stephen von Haschenperg with 1809-12 alterations and additions, by Thomas Telford and Sir Robert Smirke. Red sandstone ashlar on chamfered plinth with string courses, machicolated cornice (in part) and battlemented parapets. C20 greenslate roof on offices without chimneys and hipped lead roof on tower. Tower was formerly the Nisi Prius Court and is oval, the core being the former Citadel east tower, heightened and refaced in C19; clasping NW side is a 2-storey (internally 3 storeys) office block of 6 bays, with mock gate projection into English Street; all in Gothic style. The tower has tall 2-light windows in rounded deeply-recessed chamfered archs, over small lancets and 2-light openings. Office block has left double plank doors in pointed Gothic arch; similar off-centre doorway projects in a battlemented porch, now fitted with a casement window. Ground floor 2-, 3- and 4-light stone mullioned windows above with central trefoil heads in pointed arches. Gate projection is basically an elongated passageway to the court; ends in 2 octagonal turrets flanking central arch under a cross vent; the side walls have been pierced by 2 pointed arches created in 1929 (formerly the pavement went round the turrets). Left return has windows similar to the main facade (some are C20) and blind statue niches. Rear has some C20 windows inserted." "INTERIOR of tower retains its galleried semicircular court seating and judges bench (ceased to be used 1971). Ceiling replica replaced in 1980s renovation; much external stonework was replaced in same restoration. Office block interior extensively altered. For further details see references on Crown Court description." |
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| evidence:- | database:- Listed Buildings 2010 |
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| source data:- | courtesy of English Heritage "CROWN COURT, ADJOINING OFFICES AND GATE ARCH / / ENGLISH STREET / CARLISLE / CARLISLE / CUMBRIA / I / 386722 / NY4021255619" |
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| source data:- | courtesy of English Heritage "Formerly known as: The Citadel." "Crown Court and Court Offices on the site of the 1542 Citadel. 1810-17 (interior not completed until 1822) by Sir Robert Smirke. Red sandstone ashlar on chamfered plinth with string courses, machicolated cornice (in part) and battlemented parapets. Hipped lead roofs. Rounded tall tower is completely C19, on the site of the demolished western tower of the Citadel (of the same dimensions); clasping the NW side is a lower 2-storey office block of 6 bays, with mock gate projection into English Street; all in Gothic style and almost a mirror image of the Nisi Prius Court range opposite, with which it forms a pair. Tower has tall 2-light windows in rounded deeply-recessed chamfered arch, over small lancets. Office block has right double plank doors in pointed Gothic arch; similar off-centre doorway projects in a battlemented porch, now fitted with a casement window. Ground-floor stone mullioned windows in double chamfered surrounds. Larger 2-light Gothic windows above with central trefoil heads in pointed arches. Gate projection was formerly a passageway to the court; ends in 2 octagonal turrets flanking central arch under a cross vent; the side walls have been pierced by 2 pointed arches created in 1929 (formerly the pavement went around the turrets)." "INTERIOR of court retains its original galleried seating of panelled oak. The offices are internally divided on ground floor. Members' room has late C19 monogrammed carved oak fireplace with tiled and engraved slate fireback. Upper floor No.2 Courtroom has plain stone fireplace, pointed archways, dado panelling along one wall and rib-panelled plaster ceiling. In an outer corridor the removal of a false ceiling has revealed the earlier painting of the panelled ceiling. Marble statue of Major Aglionby by Musgrave Lewthwaite Watson, 1844, has been moved from the main entrance and temporarily boxed in to prevent damage during renovation work. Staircase has ribbed and traceried wooden ceiling with flat central skylight (void above). Grand Jury Room has dado oak panelling; pointed arches, one an alcove and rib-vaulted plaster ceiling. Some original panelled doors." "J Hughes CWAAS, Trans.NS LXX" "Perriam CWAAS, Trans.NS LXXVIII." "Cumb. & West. Antiquarian &Archaeological Soc., New Series: Hughes J: LXX: The building of the Courts, Carlisle 1807-22: 205-20" "Cumb. & West. Antiquarian &Archaeological Soc., New Series: Perriam DR: LXXVIII: The dating of the County Goal: 129-140" |
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| evidence:- | old print:- |
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| source data:- | Print, uncoloured engraving, The Court Houses, Carlisle, and Triumphal Arch, published
by the Illustrated London News, 11 August 1855. click to enlargePR0358.jpg Page 181; illustrating a report of a Meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. printed at bottom:- "THE COURT-HOUSES, CARLISLE, AND TRIUMPHAL ARCH." The accompanying text begins:- "THE seventeenth annual meeting of this society, which was held in Carlisle this year, commenced on Thursday, the 19th ult.; but the great influx of visitors did not begin till the following Wednesday. The preparations made for the occasion were of the usual description." "On entering Carlisle by any of the railway stations, the visitor's attention was attracted by triumphal arches of evergreens and flowers thrown across the roads in honour of the meeting of the Agricultural Society; and a number of the houses were appropriately decorated with flags, wreaths. and evergreens, in great profusion. ..." item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.358 Image © see bottom of page |
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| evidence:- | old print:- Thurnam 1835 placename:- Citadel, The |
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| source data:- | Print, uncoloured lithograph, The Citadel, Carlisle, Cumberland, drawn by M E Nutter,
lithographed by P Gauci, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, Cumberland, by Ackermann
and Co, by Hodgson, Boys, and Graves, and by Charles Tilt, London, 1835. click to enlargeTHM107.jpg Included in Carlisle in the Olden Time. printed at bottom:- "Drawn by M. E. Nutter. / On stone by P. Gauci. / THE CITADEL. / Carlisle, Published by Chas. Thurnam,- London, Ackermann & Co. Hodgson, Boys, and Graves &Chas. Tilt. 1835." item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.123.7 Image © see bottom of page |
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| evidence:- | old print:- |
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| source data:- | Print, uncoloured engraving, Entrance to Carlisle from the South, Cumberland, drawn
by W Westall, engraved by Edward Finden, published by Charles Tilt, 86 Fleet Street,
London, 1828. click to enlargePR0155.jpg The view includes The Citadel. printed at bottom left, right, centre:- "Drawn by W. Westall, A.R.A. / Engraved by Edwd. Finden. / ENTRANCE TO CARLISLE FROM THE SOUTH, / THE PRISON AND SESSIONS HOUSE. / Published by Charles Tilt, 86, Fleet Street, London, Novr. 1828." item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.155 Image © see bottom of page |
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| evidence:- | old print:- item:- law |
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| source data:- | Print, uncoloured engraving, Plan of the Entrance to the City of Carlisle, Cumberland,
scale 1 to 320, drawn by R Smirke jnr, engraved by H Mutloe, Russell Court, published
by T Cadell and W Davies, Strand, London, 1816. click to enlargePR0563.jpg The courts at the Citadel. printed at upper middle:- "PLAN OF THE ENTRANCE TO THE CITY OF CARLISLE. / from the South, with the Courts of Justice." printed at bottom left, right, centre:- "R. Smirke Junr. R.A. del. / H. Mutloe sc. Russell Court. / London Published by T. Cadell &W. Davies Strand" printed at with scale line:- "" item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.511 Image © see bottom of page |
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| evidence:- | old print:- Britton and Brayley 1802 placename:- Citadel, The |
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| source data:- | Print, uncoloured engraving, The Citadel at Carlisle, Cumberland, drawn by R Carlisle,
engraved by S Noble, published by Vernor and Hood, Poultry, London, 1803. click to enlargePR0146.jpg Included in the Beauties of England and Wales, by John Britton and Edward W Brayley. printed at bottom left, right, centre:- "Engravd by S. Noble, from a drawing by R. Carlisle, / for the Beauties of England &Wales. / The CITADEL at CARLISLE, / Cumberland. / London, Published by Vernor and Hood, Poultry, Jan. 1. 1803." item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.146 Image © see bottom of page |
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| evidence:- | old print:- placename:- Citadel of Carlisle |
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| source data:- | Print, uncoloured engraving, Citadel of Carlisle, Cumberland, perhaps late 18th century. click to enlargePR0588.jpg printed at bottom:- "Citadel of Carlisle" item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.536 Image © see bottom of page |
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| evidence:- | old print:- item:- calendar |
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| source data:- | Print, coloured, The Court Houses, Carlisle, on a calendar page for January 1940,
by Joseph W Simpson, published by Charles Thurnam and Sons, 11 English Street, Carlisle,
Cumberland, 1940 with text by T Gray on reverse. click to enlargePR1416.jpg View of Court Houses from an aerial perspective in front of the railway station. People cross the road in the foreground. signed at top right on print:- "Simpson"  click to enlargePR1417.jpg text by T Gray about The Court Houses, Carlisle on reverse of coloured print by Joseph W Simpson 1940. item:- Tullie House Museum : 2009.210.2 Images © Tullie House Museum |
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| evidence:- | old print:- |
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| source data:- | Print, polychrome, The Citadel or Court Houses, English Street, Carlisle, Cumberland,
by Joseph W Simpson, about 1939. click to enlargePR1020.jpg View of the court houses on a sunny day viewed from an elevated perspective. Motor cars and people pass in front of them. signed at top right on print:- "Simpson" item:- Tullie House Museum : 1968.43.1 Image © Tullie House Museum |
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| evidence:- | old print:- placename:- Court Houses, The item:- cart; carriage; costume |
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| source data:- | Print, hand coloured, The Court Houses, Carlisle, Cumberland, 1870s. click to enlargePR1143.jpg View of the court houses and the road in front of them which is peopled by passersby and carriages. inscribed at bottom centre:- "THE COURT HOUSES, CARLISLE." item:- Tullie House Museum : 1972.4.15 Image © Tullie House Museum |
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| evidence:- | old painting:- placename:- Court Houses, The item:- stage coach; coach |
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| source data:- | Painting, watercolour, The Court Houses, Carlisle, Cumberland, by William Henry Nutter,
1840s. click to enlargePR1092.jpg View of the court houses from the direction of the railway station. A packed stagecoach approaches the Crescent from between them. In the foreground a woman and toddler cross the street, their backs towards the viewer. signed at bottom left on mount:- "W Nutter" inscribed at bottom centre on mount:- "The Court Houses - Carlisle." item:- Tullie House Museum : 1970.80.19 Image © Tullie House Museum |
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| evidence:- | old painting:- placename:- Citadel of Carlisle |
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| source data:- | Painting, watercolour, South East View of the Citadel of Carlisle, Cumberland, by
Robert Carlyle snr, about 1792. click to enlargePR0915.jpg Citadel on a bright sunny day, its ramparts thrown into partial shadow. In the foreground two men, one holding a spade slung over his shoulder and the other leaning on a stick, stand conversing on a path which passes through the meadow in which there are two cows, one standing whilst the other lies down. Sandstone buildings lie to either side of the citadel, most of which have smoke issuing from their chimneys. inscribed at bottom left:- "Drawn by Rob't Carlyle" inscribed at bottom centre:- "SOUTH EAST VIEW of the CITADEL of CARLISLE." item:- Tullie House Museum : 1970.80.5 Image © Tullie House Museum |
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| evidence:- | old painting:- placename:- Citadel of Carlisle |
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| source data:- | Painting, watercolour, South East View of the Citadel of Carlisle, Cumberland, by
Robert Carlyle snr, 1791. click to enlargePR0912.jpg Summertime; in centre of composition stands the citadel, its ramparts overgrown with weeds. In centre foreground a young couple walk arm in arm, he gesturing with his right arm. To their left stand two cows. To far left of composition the roofs of distant buildings are visible with open countryside beyond. One of a set of 11 original drawings for proposed aquatints The Antiquities of the City of Carlisle, 1791. The work was adapted by Matthew Ellis Nutter, being executed as one of a series of 17 works by Carlyle and published by Thurnam as Carlisle in the Olden Time, 1835. See CALMG:1978.108.74.4 inscribed at bottom centre:- "SOUTH EAST VIEW of the CITADEL of CARLISLE." item:- Tullie House Museum : 1935.80.7 Image © Tullie House Museum |
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 BLW70.jpg (taken 19.4.2006) |
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| notes:- |
Henry VIII had the castle strengthened and this second fortress built, 1541-42. The
Citadel was built by Stefan von Haschenperg; two towers in the line of the city wall
and an ugly turret between them. Built in haste, it was a source of expence, and was
never used effectively. It became a gaol. In 1807 it was decided to use the area for
new assize and quarter session courts. The new citadel was designed by Sir Robert
Smirke, completed, 1810. |
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| Perriam, D R & Robinson, J: 1998: Medieval Fortified Buildings of Cumbria: CWAAS::
ISBN 1 873124 23 6; plans &illustrations |
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