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In a review of the 'Christian Monuments of England and  
Wales' by Mr Boutell, speaking of cross slabs:- 
  
  
  
 
   
  
No accompaniment to the cross is more common than a sword,  
as might be presumed from the military character of feudal  
times. Mr. Boutell has placed side by side the very similar  
stones at Brougham, in Westmorland, and at Newton Rigney, in 
Cumberland, the former ascribed to Udard de Broham, who,  
having taken the cross in the second crusade, died about the 
year 1185; and the latter bearing the arms of Vaux of  
Catterlen, whose name has been associated in the title of  
peerage conferred on the ex-chancellor. The circular figure  
on the Brougham stone is supposed to represent a  
target-shield. ... 
  
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