|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
title page |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
previous page
next page |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
start of The Wall |
|
|
|
|
|
Page 227:-
|
King Water
Walton
Sandysike
|
|
|
but a little after they become very obscure. And from the
same place Severus's wall and ditch are in about two
degrees.The distance between the walls near Howgill is about
three chains, diverging a little. At the water of
King they are about fine (sic) chains distant, from
whence to the village of Waltown Severus's wall is a little
obscure. At Waltown all relating to both walls is obscure.
But at this place there seems to have been some
fortification or encampment. One side of the square is yet
very visible, and the ramparts pretty large about 80 yards
long. Somewhat also like a smaller rampart may be seen in
the middle of the ditch, and something like a covered way
beyond it, resembling the double or triple ditch and rampart
with which some forts are encompassed, but less than usual.
There seems to have been nothing of stone about it, nor any
ruins of stone buildings within. It is pretty high ground
and dry. Perhaps it has been a summer encampment or
exploratory fort for the garrison at Cambeck, if it be a
Roman work, of which I can't be certain. The wall after this
passes by a few houses called Sandy sykes, and so on
to Cambeck fort. And from Sandy-sykes to this fort Severus's
wall is in two degrees, the ditch not being so much; but
Hadrian's can scarcely be discerned.
"The distance between the forts of Burdoswold and Cambeck is
about six miles and a quarter. And in this space there have
been seven castella, which are all yet to be
discerned. The intervals between these seven castella
are equal, and just seven furlongs each.
|
13. PETRIANA.
|
|
|
|
Camboglanna
Castlesteads
|
|
|
"CAMBECK fort, usually called Castle-steeds, is all grown
over with wood, yet the boundaries of it may be traced out.
It seems to have been about six chains square. It is
detached to the south about 12 chains from the wall.
|
Newtown, Irthington
Cumrenton
Oldwall
|
|
|
"From this fort for about a mile Hadrian's vallum is
scarce any where to be distinctly observed. And a little to
the east of Cambeck hill Severus's wall is obscure, being in
plowed ground, though just before it was pretty visible. And
from Cambeck hill to Irthing new town the wall and
ditch are in about the second degree; and continue so to the
part over against Comeranton. Hadrians's vallum is
here distant about three chains, and both it and the ditch
appear in the second degree. But from hence to Old
wall it is almost quite lost (though Severus's wall be
for this space in the second degree and the ditch in the
third) being all grown over with hazle and thorn. At Old
wall the distance between the walls about 10 chains. At
which place and beyond it Hadrian's work is pretty visible,
especially the ditch and north agger. From Old wall
to Bleatern the wall and ditch of Severus are both
very conspicuous, the former in the second degree, the
latter in the third. Here also the wall is covered with
bushes of hazle and thorn. And between Old wall and Bleatern
is a place called the House steeds, where, about seven years
ago, was found an altar, that is now at Scaleby, but
has no visible inscription upon it.
"The distance between Cambeck fort and Watchcrossis
about three miles, and has three visible castella in
it, besides one more which was discernible some years ago,
but is now quite ruined. The intervals are just seven
furlongs.
|
14. ABBALABBA
|
|
|
|
Watchcross
Stanegate
Bleatarn
|
|
|
"A little detached from the walls to the south is a Roman
fort about four chains and a half square, called WATCHCROSS,
and, as I was assured by the country people, and have had it
since farther confirmed, a military way has gone near it, or
between it and the military way belonging to the wall; for
they often plow up paving stones here, and think part of the
highway to Brampton to be upon it. This is the least station
in the line of the wall, and is as much plundered of its
stones as that at Brugh or Drumbrugh. However
the ramparts and ditches are very fair and visible. It is
about half a mile from Bleatern. The military way, which I
just now mentioned, has gone from Cambeck or Carrvoran to
Stanwicks, like a string to a bow. And so Watchcross
stands here in much the same manner as Little Chesters does
in Northumberland. Near Bleatern the walls runs through
mossy ground, and the foundation here has been made with
piles of wood. Hadrian's vallum goes round this bad
ground, and runs at ten chains distance from Severus's wall.
|
Wallhead
Walby
Henmoss Brow
Drawdykes Castle
Wall Knowe
|
|
|
"From Bleatern to Wall head Severus's wall and ditch
continue visible in about the second degree at least. But
from thence to Walby the wall is very obscure, though
the ditch continues visible. The most westerly houses at
Wall-head stand upon a piece of ground called
Hen-moss-brow; and about thirty years ago was found
here a remarkable stone, which by the accounts of it seems
to have been a Roman threshold. The stone was removed from
the place to Crossby, but I know not what is now become of
it. Walby stands just upon the wall, which is lost in the
village. Some have thought there was the appearance of a
station on the north side of this village. The country
people say they several times turn up lime and stones with
the plough. But the ground is wet, and not very fit for a
station; and the lime and stones, which are plowed up, may
have belonged to the wall itself, or a castellum, which
probably has been at this place. From hence to
Drawdikes all is obscure, though some appearance of
the ditch may still be discovered. For about ten chains not
far from Bruntstick-mills, the track of the walls is
more plain and distinct, and there is a faint appearance of
the ditch. But for about ten chains or a furlong near to
Tarraby, either the wall or ditch or both are visible
in the second or third degree. From Tarraby to
Wall-knowe both the wall and ditch may be traced out,
especially the ditch, but neither are for any space very
large or distinct; and they are less so from Wall-knowe to
Stanwicks, being there in arable grounds.
"From Watchcross to Stanwicks is more than five miles, and
but two castella are visible in all this space, the
one of which does not immediately succeed the other; for it
certain by the distance, that there must have been three
more between these two, which are the first and last in this
space.
|
15. CONGAVATA.
|
|
|
|
Stanwix
Uxelodunum
|
|
|
"STANWICKS, according to some, signifies the same as
Stane wegges, that is, a place upon the stones, or a
stoney way [h]. Here the person where I lodged told me that
the wall had passed through his garden; and that they hit
upon it, and got stones from thence when they dug and
enclosed his garden. The ditch, therefore, which appears so
distinctly to the west of the village, between it and the
river Eden, and which seems to lie pretty much in a line
with this garden and the track of the wall, must, I think,
be Severus's. And then it is highly probable that Severus's
wall has formed the north rampart of the
|
|
|
[h]
Camden, p.1026, 1027. Perhaps the last part of the name may
be derived from wick, a town. See before, p.192. 194.
|
|
|
station
|
|
|
|
|
|
gazetteer links
|
|
|
-- "Cambeck Fort" -- Camboglanna
|
|
|
-- Uxelodunum
|
|
|
-- "Warchcross" -- (roman fort, Watchcross)
|
|
|
-- "Stanwicks" -- Stanwix
|
|
|
-- "Wall Head" -- Wallhead
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
next page |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
