button to main menu West 1784 map

   back to object record

MAP FEATURES

title
engraver
snip from map image
There is no title cartouche; printed middle left is:-
A MAP of the LAKES in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire
Printed bottom left and right, is:-
Paas sculp. / No.53 Holborn
The map includes only parts of each of the three counties; from 2 or 3 miles south of Lancashire to 3 or 4 miles north of Penrith, from Bootle and Ravenglass in the west to Shap in the east.
The map sheet corners are, from bottom left clockwise, roughly:-
SD064469 & NY089421 & NY631406 & SD606455

orientation
north point
up is W
snip from map image
Printed on the left is a north point; N-S line, North marked by a fleur de lys, E-S line, East marked by a simple cross. The map is printed with West at the top of the sheet; the sheet is in landscape orientation to fold longways into the guide book.

scale line
scale
Printed lower left is a:-
snip from map image
Scale of Miles
marked and labelled at 1 miles. The 5 miles = 34.8 mm gives a scale 1 to 209550 unsafely assuming a statute mile. The map scale is about:-
1 to 210000
3 miles to 1 inch

table of symbols snip from map image
Printed below the title on the left is an explanation of the convention for roads, other symbols are taken for granted:-
The Roads as directed in the Guide
are marked thus [double line, solid]
Other Roads thus [double line, dotted]
On this copy of the map the described routes are also tinted brown.

sea area
sea plain
The sea is plain, with one sea area labelled:-
THE IRISH SEA

coast line
coast form lines
foreshore
headlands
snip from map image
The coast is emphasised by form lines, engraved decoratively around islands and into river estuaries. Foreshore areas are not marked, but three are labelled:-
Lancaster Sands
Leven and Ulverston Sands
Duddon Sands
Roads, or rather routes, and shown across the first two: from Hest Bank across Lancashire Sands to Carter House near Cartmel; and two short routes across the Crake estuary near Ulverston.
Some headlands are noticed, eg:-
Humphry Point [S of Cartmel]

rivers
bridges
ferries
lakes
waterfalls
Rivers are drawn by wiggly lines tapering upstream from their estuaries which have form lines. Some are labelled, eg:-
snip from map image
Crake R.
Kent River
Cockley Beck
Many rivers are shown, but the countless small becks!
Lakes are drawn in outline, with form lines, mostly tinted blue. Many are labelled, eg:-
snip from map image
DERWENT WATER
snip from map image
Kentmere Tarn
WINDERMERE WATER
THURSTON OR CONISTON WATER
Islands are shown in the lakes.
Bridges are not drawn, but are implied where a road crosses and interrupts a stream. A few are labelled, eg:-
Duddon Bridge
Ouse Bridge
Pooley Bridge
A couple of waterfalls are noticed:-
snip from map image
Waterfall [E side of Ambleside]
Waterfall [on the Kent, E if Sizergh]
The alignment of roads either side of Windermere water, south of Bowness, suggests a ferry.

relief
hill hachuring
Very little relief is shown on the map; and this is the highest and most rugged part of England! There are slight hachures for a few mountains and edges, labelled, eg:-
snip from map image
SKIDDAW
FARLETON KNOT
Underbarrow Scar
HILL BELL
Langdale Pikes
Other relief features are labelled, without hachures, eg:-
snip from map image
HARTER FELL
COPELAND FOREST
Holling Fell
Honister Crag
And at least one valley is labelled:-
Eskdale
separately from its river, Esk River, which is labelled lower down.

parks A few parks are shown, drawn in outline with fence palings, perhaps labelled, eg:-
Park
south of Sedgwick. Perhaps with a house inside, eg:-
snip from map image
Lowther Hall

county snip from map image
County boundaries are a fine dotted line, often alongside a river line. The county areas are labelled, e:-
PART OF WESTMORLAND
Each county has a tint along the inside of its border: Cumberland yellow, Westmorland, green, Lancashire red. Lancashire North of the Sands, not labelled separately, is a detached part of the county.

settlements Settlements are indicated by blocks or groups of blocks, and differentiated by style of labelling.
  towns
  villages
group of blocks by the roads; labelled in upright block caps, eg:-
snip from map image
KENDAL
LANCASTER
SHAP
AMBLESIDE
  villages
  hamlets
block or blocks; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:-
snip from map image
Staveley
Patterdale
Long Sleddale
Barrow
Notice the
New Village
drawn by opposing semicircles of building blocks to the east of Lowther Hall.
Lowercase italic lettering is used for various other features on the map.

roads snip from map image
Roads are drawn by double lines; solid lines for the routes described in the guide book, tinted brown,
snip from map image
dotted for other roads.
The destination of some roads going off the map are labelled, eg:-
To Carlisle
To Sedbergh
snip from map image
Notice the roads, or rather routes, across the Lancaster Sands and the sands near Ulverston.

canals The canal through Lancaster to Kendal is shown by a triple line, light bold light, labelled:-
snip from map image
Lancaster Canal
The canal opened through to Kendal on 1819. It had been proposed about 1792, and was open in southerly stretches in the 1800s. The canal is an addition to the map. It does not appear on the copy of this map tipped into the 1793 edition of the Guide to the Lakes in the Armitt collection.
Near Lancaster the canal is shown going under the River Lune. The canal goes OVER the river here on an stone aqueduct built by John Rennie, 1798.
Near Tewitfield are:-
Locks
shown by arrows on the line of the canal. And near Sedgwick is a:-
Tunnel

miscellaneous

stones The:-
Bowther Stone [by Grange]
is noticed.

antiquities
henges
A circle of dots above Keswick is labelled:-
snip from map image
Druids Temple
just by the village of Castlerigg. Near the road crossing of the Emmont River is:-
K. Arthurs Round Table

antiquities
roman sites
roman forts
At the south of Ambleside is a small rectangle labelled:-
Camp
and on Mell Fell, half way between Penrith and Threlkeld is:-
snip from map image
Roman Camp

antiquities
castles
At Kendal, for example, there is a picture of a building labelled:-
Castle

boundary marks Near the Wrynose Pass, where three counties meet, is:-
Shire Stones

monuments South of Wythburn is a group of small circles labelled:-
Dunmail Raise Stones
This cairn is thought to be a monument to Dunmail, last king of Cumberland, died 945.
A dot in the road to Appleby from Eamont Bridge is labelled:-
Ladys Pillar

towers A drawing of several layers of building, rather like some period drawings of the Tower of Babel, in the south, is labelled:-
Arnside Tower

beacons On the Lancashire coast near Warton is a drawing of a tower labelled:-
snip from map image
Beacon

mills
gunpowder mills
On the Leven River, a couple of miles north of the estuary, are:-
Gunpowder Mills
and at Natland south of Kendal:-
Powdermills

furnaces A few works are labelled as:-
snip from map image
Newland Furnace [by Ulverston]
Backbarrow Furnace [S of Newby Bridge]
Notes about the guide book from which this map comes:-


button to lakes menu   Lakes Guides menu.