Moule 1836

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		MAP FEATURES
	picture frame border	The map border is decorative, an unlikely style of picture frame border.
	title cartouche	Printed at the top in an early 19th century version of a strapwork cartouche is:- WESTMORELAND.
	coat of arms	There are four coats of arms on the map; approximate blazons are given below, the colours are unreliable, sometimes incomplete. Printed upper right is the coat of arms of Lord Lonsdale, the Lowther Family:- argent six annulets sable 3,2,1, charged a canton central argent a hand gules Printed lower right with the vignette of Appleby Castle, not completely coloured:- quarterly 1 and 2 sable an eagle displayed argent a bordure argent? 3 chequey or and azure a bend gules? 4 ? the 3rd quarter is the Clifford Family. And a motto:- FIEL PERO DESDICHADO Printed left below centre, the seal:- ARMS OF APPLEBY and caption:- APPILBI SIGILLUM / COMMUNITATIS DE BURGII azure three lions passant regardant crowned or Printed lower left, the ARMS OF KENDAL barry argent and gules 5 in a canton gules a lion passant or which is not the arms of Kendal today. I do not know the arms of the Parr Family.
	vignettes	The map has two vignettes; upper left:- BROUGHAM HALL lower right:- KEEP OF APPLEBY CASTLE
	orientation up is N	The map is printed with North at the top of the sheet.
	scale line scale	Printed lower left is a:- Scale of Miles divided at miles, labelled 1,2,4,6. The 6 miles = 30.3 mm gives a scale 1 to 318682 on the reasonable assumption of a statute mile. The map scale is about:- 1 to 320000 5 miles to 1 inch
	coast line coast form lines	The coast line in the Kent Estuary is emphasised by form lines, tinted blue.
	rivers bridges	Rivers are drawn by wiggly line tapering at the head. Some rivers are labelled, eg:- Brathy R. Crowdundle Beck River Ken R. Eamont Bridges are implied where a road crosses and interrupts a stream. Most are not labelled, but see:- Hell Gill Br.
	lakes	Lakes are drawn in outline with form lines, tinted blue. Some are labelled:- Ulles Water Winander Mere Rydal Wr. Grasmere L Hawes Wr. Reservoir [Killington] Kentmere tarn [labelled, not drawn] Elter Water a few others can be recognised:- Great Langdale Tarn Easedale Tarn [?] Brothers Water Hayes Water Sunbiggin Tarn [?] Dogber Tarn [???]
	relief hill hachuring	Relief is indicated by hill hachuring, tinted brown. Hills are grouped to suggest the central heights of the Lake District, the Shap Fells, Pennines, etc. But it is not very successful. Hills might be labelled, eg:- Shap Fells Whitbarrow Scar Helvellin Yew Craggs A valley might be labelled, eg:- Long Sleddale Langdale Borrow Dale
	beacons	One hill is labelled:- Barbon Beacon
	forests	No woodland is indicated, but a forest might be labelled, eg:- Stainmoor Forest Milbourn Forest
	parks	Parks are drawn in outline with fence palings, the interior dotted and perhaps tinted green. A park might be labelled, or named by a house, eg:- Levens Pa. Sizerb Ha.
	county	The county boundary is a dashed line. Adjacent counties are not divided but are tinted along their part of the boundary; Cumberland yellow, Lancashire green or red, Yorkshire green or red, Durham green. Because the colourist is not guided by boundaries between these counties the colouring has gone wrong; for example Lancashire's green extends round to Bow fell instead of changing to Cumberland's yellow at the Three Shire Stones. Colours are not one per county. Adjacent counties are labelled, eg:- CUMBERLAND LANCASHIRE
	wards	Boundaries of the wards, roughly the equivalent of hundreds, are a fine dotted line. The ward areas are labelled by number keying to a table of wards printed upper right:- REFERENCE to the WARDS East ward ... 1 West Ward ... 2 Kendal ... 3 Lonsdale ... 4
	settlements electoral data	Settlements are marked by a block or blocks and/or a cross for a church, differentiated by style of labelling.
	towns	group of blocks; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:- Kendal Orton but in upright block caps:- APPLEBY the de jure county town. Kendal has a single asterisk indicating it sends one member to Parliament, and is enclosed by a dot dash boundary for the borough area. This map is made after the Reform Act 1832. Printed upper right, below the table of hundreds, is:- The County returns 2 members.
	villages   hamlets	block or blocks and/or a cross; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Underbarrow Shap Stockdale Askham The cross is not a reliable indicator of a church of a village. The style of labelling is used for other map features.
	castles	Castles have a special symbol, a square with lines radiating from each corner, for example:- Lamerstead Cast Castle [at kendal]
	roads	A network of roads are drawn by double line, in two widths. The broader roads have light bold lines, which is sometimes used to denote turnpikes. One road is labelled at the county boundary, with its destination:- from Keswick Sedbergh, Yorkshire and the road passing through it from one part of Westmorland to another, is shown on the map.
	canals	A canal is drawn by a triple line, light bold light.
	Lancaster Canal	from the south, into Kendal.
	railways	Railways are drawn by a triple line with cross hatching. The way they are engraved makes it obvious they are additions to the map, the lines were not open till 1846, although they were authorised, the routes known, a year or two earlier. The map is a later edition, about 1846? Two lines can be recognised:-
	Lancaster and Carlisle Railway	from the south, labelled at the county boundary:- To Lancaster    through stations at Milthorp, Oxenholme, Low Gill, Tebay, Shap, Clifton, and north, labelled:- from Carlisle
	Kendal and Windermere Railway	from a junction at Oxenholme, through a station at Staveley, to an unmarked end at Rayrigg. No station at Kendal; no village at Windermere!
	miscellaneous
	stones	There is a label:- 3 Shire Stones where the adjacent counties of Lancashire and Cumberland should meet; the tints for them are wrong. Labelled where the County Stone might be is:- Lady Pillar
	monuments	A label near the county boundary ESE of Kirkby Stephen is:- Nine Standards
	antiquities roman sites roman forts	Labelled on Stainmoor Fell is:- Roman Camp

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