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item:- Dove Cottage :
Lowther.65
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Print, engraving, Carlisle Castle, Cumberland, by S
Hooper, engraved by Sparrow, published by Samuel Hooper,
Ludgate Hill, London, 1775.
Included in The Antiquities of England and Wales, by Francis
Grose.
Pasted in the Lowther scrapbook, vol.3; between pp.228-229;
with descriptive text:-
CARLISLE CASTLE, CUMBERLAND. / THIS Castle stands on the
north-west side of the City of Carlisle, which it is said
existed before the coming of the Romans; being, according to
our antient Chroniclers, built by a King named Luel, or
Lugbul; whence it was stiled by the antient Britons
Caer-Luel, or Luel's City. It is encompassed on the north
side by the river Eden, on the east by the Petterel, and on
the west by the Cande. / PROBABLY a spot so strong by Nature
was not so destitute of a fortress during the time of the
Romans, when, as appears from the many inscriptions and
ancient utensils digged up hereabouts, Carlisle was a place
of much estimation: but the present Castle was the work of
William Rufus, built about the year 1093, 200 years after
the city had been destroyed by the Danes. / KING William at
first placed herein a colony of Flemmings; and afterwards
removing these to the Isle of Anglesea, he sent in their
stead a number of Husbandmen from the south to instruct the
inhabitants in the art of cultivating their lands. / KING
HENRY I. is said to have encreased the fortifications of the
City, and to have strengthened it with a garrison; he also
raised it to the dignity of an Episcopal See, granting it
many privileges and immunities, with intention to render it
strong and populous, it being an important barrier against
the incursion of the Scots.
IN the reign if Henry III. that Prince gave the custody of
the Castle and County to Robert de Veteri Ponte, or Vipont.
/ ACCORDING to Camden, the Castle was rebuilt, or much
repaired by King Richard III. whose arms, he says, were set
up against it. Probably these repairs became necessary from
the damage it suffered in the great fire, anno 1292, in
which, the Chronicle of Lanercost Abbey says, it was burned
down, together with the Cathedral and Suburbs. Or it might,
at length, have become ruinous from the assaults it had
sustained from the Scots, by whom it was often besieged, and
twice taken; once in the reign of King Stephen; and retaken
by King Henry II.; and, again, in the time of King John. /
KING HENRY VIII. caused several additions to be made to the
fortifications of this Town and Castle: and Queen Elizabeth
built the Chapel and Barracks, as appears by her Arms placed
thereon. / THIS Castle is of an irregular figure, having a
strong Gate-house, and three small square Towers, of little
or no use in the present mode of defence. These communicate
with a Rampart and Parapet, for the ascent of which there
are several flights of steps. / THE KEEP stands on the east
side. It is built of reddish stone, and now used for the
store-house. It is separated from the Castle-yard by a ditch
on its west side; which ditch is defended by a curious round
Bastion. In the inner Gate of the Castle is still to be seen
the old Portcullis.- Here are likewise several ancient guns
mounted on rotten and unserviceable carriages. This fortress
suffered some injury during the Civil Wars in the reign of
King Charles I. and was battered and taken by the Duke of
Cumberland in the Rebellion of 1745. The breach caused by
the Duke's batteries, which were planted on a rising ground
to the west at nearly 500 yards distance, are now repaired;
for which purpose the inside of the south-wall has been
stripped of its facing. / HERE were several embrasures
raised with earth, most of the batteries being originally en
barbette. / HERE the unfortunate Mary Queen of Scots lodged
when she fled from Scotland. Her apartments are still shewn
among the Admiranda of the Castle. / This View, which shews
the North-East Aspect, was drawn Anno 1774.
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source type:-
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Grose 1772-87
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inscription:-
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printed bottom left, centre, right
June 20th. 1775 / S : Hooper Excudit / Sparrow Sc.
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wxh:-
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15x10.5cm
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from:-
Scrapbook, 4 volumes, History of Westmorland and Cumberland
Illustrated, of descriptive texts, maps, and prints of views
and coats of arms, for Westmorland and Cumberland, assembled
by a member of the Lowther Family, late 18th early 19th
century.
The volumes are quarter bound, with marbled paper on the
covers; each has a bookplate inside the front cover. The
pages cut from various sources are nicely mounted, two sided
pieces set neatly in a window in the scrapbook page.
The main content is the whole of the two volumes of The
History and Antiquities of the Counties of Westmorland and
Cumberland, by Joseph Nicolson and Richard Burn, published
London, 1777. Nicolson and Burn volume 1 is in scrapbook
volumes 1 and 2, volume 2 in scrapbook volumes 3 and 4. Maps
and prints are interspersed to make an illustrated version
of the history.
Some of the sources of maps and prints have been
recognised:-
Maps - coast of Cumberland etc by Andrew Dury, 1764;
Westmorland and Cumberland by Richard Blome, 1673; sheets
from Britannia Depicta, Emanuel Bowen, 1720; Cumberland by
John Speed, Henry Overton edn 1695; Cumberland by John Cary
1787.
Prints from the Set of prints, 20 engravings, Views of the
Lakes etc in Cumberland and Westmorland, drawn by Joseph
Farington, published by William Byrne, London, 1789. Note
that plate numbers vary from edition to edition of this set.
Prints from the Antiquities of Great Britain, drawings by
Thomas Hearne, engraved by William Byrne, published by
Hearne and Byrne, London, 1786-1807.
Prints from Britannia Illustrata, drawings by Leonard Knyff,
engraved by John Kip, published London, 1707-1740.
Print from A Tour in England and Scotland, by Thomas Newte,
published by G G J and J Robinson, Paternoster Row, London,
1788..
Some of the coat of arms are cut from A Display of Heraldrie
by John Guillim late Pursuivant at Armes, published London,
about 1610-11 to 1755.
Coats of arms probably from The Baronetage of England, by
Edward Kimber and Richard Johnson, published London? 1771.
Pages from The Antiquarian Repertory, by Francis Grose,
Thomas Astle, et al, published London, 1775-1809.
Text from the Baronetage of England by Collins?
Scraps cut from an unidentified gazetteer.
At the end is the title page and pp.7-51 from A General View
of the Agriculture of the County of Cumberland, by John
Bailey and George Culley, published by C Macrae, London,
1794.
Individual maps and prints are documented separately; with a
note of their position in the scrapbooks.
inscription:-
: embossed: label on spine: (tatty remains): HI[ ] / [
]/WEST[ ]M[ ] / [ ] / CUM[ ]M[ ] / ILLUS[ ]T[E ]
inscription:-
: printed & embossed: bookplate: gold on grey; crest, 6
annulets from the coat of arms, flowers, thistles: LOWTHER
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