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Print, engraving, North West View of Carlisle Castle,
late 18th century.
Pasted in the Lowther scrapbook, vol.3; between pp.228-229 ;
with descriptive text (out of order in the scrapbook):-
CARLISLE CASTLE / Is situated on the north-west side of the
city of Carlisle, a place of considerable note in the
earliest period of our history. It is said to have owed its
origin to one Luel or Luguabal, an antient British King; and
from thence to have derived the name given by the Britons,
of Caer-Luel, or Luel's City. / When the Romans had extended
their conquest to this extremity of the island, and raised
that barrier against the incursions of their hostile
neighbours, called the Pict's-wall, they changed the name of
this city to Luguvallum, or the city of Luel on the Vallum
or wall. / This place, being situated on the frontiers, and
intended to check the progress of the northern invaders,
must necessarily have been subject to the evils and
calamities attendant on war: accordingly we find it was
entirely destroyed by the Danes in the ninth century, and
was not restored till the time that William Rufus, in 1092,
in his progress through these parts, was so pleased with the
situation, that he rebuilt and fortified the town, and
strengthened it by the addition of a Castle of considerable
extent. The fortifications were augmented, and a garrison
placed here, by Henry I. It afterwards sustained many
grievous seiges, was twice taken by the Scots, and as often
recovered by the English. In the reign of Edward the second
it was again besieged by Robert Bruce; and in the fourteenth
of Richard II, it was almost entirely consumed by fire. /
After this conflagration, in which the Castle must have
suffered considerably, it was repaired and enlarged by king
Richard III. Henry VIII. strengthened the fortifications of
the town by the addition of a citadel. In this reign
Musgrave and Tilby, who headed an insurrection raised on
account of the suppression of monasteries, laid seige to
this place with eight thousand men; but being repulsed by
the city, were attacked and defeated in their retreat by the
Duke of Norfolk. / In this Castle are shown the apartments
where the unfortunate Mary Queen of Scots was lodged, when
she took up her residence here, after her landing at
Workington. It received some injury in the civil wars of
Charles I.; was taken by the rebels in November 1745, and
retaken by the Duke of Cumberland in about six weeks after.
/ The Print shows the entrance to the Castle, which is on
the east side: this side is defended by a ditch, over which
there was a draw-bridge when this view was taken, in 1777,
but in some late repairs of the Castle an arch has been
substituted in its stead. Over the outer gate, in the Print,
is seen the stone on which, Cambden says, are the arms of
Richard III. from whence it was supposed that he was the
founder of this part of the Castle; and in the inner gate,
is seen a part of the old portcullis mentioned by later
topographical writers. / No.XI.
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from:-
Scrapbook, 4 volumes, History of Westmorland and Cumberland
Illustrated, of descriptive texts, maps, and prints of views
and coats of arms, for Westmorland and Cumberland, assembled
by a member of the Lowther Family, late 18th early 19th
century.
The volumes are quarter bound, with marbled paper on the
covers; each has a bookplate inside the front cover. The
pages cut from various sources are nicely mounted, two sided
pieces set neatly in a window in the scrapbook page.
The main content is the whole of the two volumes of The
History and Antiquities of the Counties of Westmorland and
Cumberland, by Joseph Nicolson and Richard Burn, published
London, 1777. Nicolson and Burn volume 1 is in scrapbook
volumes 1 and 2, volume 2 in scrapbook volumes 3 and 4. Maps
and prints are interspersed to make an illustrated version
of the history.
Some of the sources of maps and prints have been
recognised:-
Maps - coast of Cumberland etc by Andrew Dury, 1764;
Westmorland and Cumberland by Richard Blome, 1673; sheets
from Britannia Depicta, Emanuel Bowen, 1720; Cumberland by
John Speed, Henry Overton edn 1695; Cumberland by John Cary
1787.
Prints from the Set of prints, 20 engravings, Views of the
Lakes etc in Cumberland and Westmorland, drawn by Joseph
Farington, published by William Byrne, London, 1789. Note
that plate numbers vary from edition to edition of this set.
Prints from the Antiquities of Great Britain, drawings by
Thomas Hearne, engraved by William Byrne, published by
Hearne and Byrne, London, 1786-1807.
Prints from Britannia Illustrata, drawings by Leonard Knyff,
engraved by John Kip, published London, 1707-1740.
Print from A Tour in England and Scotland, by Thomas Newte,
published by G G J and J Robinson, Paternoster Row, London,
1788..
Some of the coat of arms are cut from A Display of Heraldrie
by John Guillim late Pursuivant at Armes, published London,
about 1610-11 to 1755.
Coats of arms probably from The Baronetage of England, by
Edward Kimber and Richard Johnson, published London? 1771.
Pages from The Antiquarian Repertory, by Francis Grose,
Thomas Astle, et al, published London, 1775-1809.
Text from the Baronetage of England by Collins?
Scraps cut from an unidentified gazetteer.
At the end is the title page and pp.7-51 from A General View
of the Agriculture of the County of Cumberland, by John
Bailey and George Culley, published by C Macrae, London,
1794.
Individual maps and prints are documented separately; with a
note of their position in the scrapbooks.
inscription:-
: embossed: label on spine: (tatty remains): HI[ ] / [
]/WEST[ ]M[ ] / [ ] / CUM[ ]M[ ] / ILLUS[ ]T[E ]
inscription:-
: printed & embossed: bookplate: gold on grey; crest, 6
annulets from the coat of arms, flowers, thistles: LOWTHER
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